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The present article, placed within the epistemological framework of Political Communication, analyses citizens’ reaction to politicians’ messages on the social network Twitter during the presidential elections in Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Honduras, and Chile, held between 2015 and 2017. Through a script developed for the present research, almost 200,000 tweets have been studied according to the following questions: What are citizens’ emotional reactions to the messages of presidential candidates? Does digital public opinion analysis have a predictive nature from the electoral point of view? As a result, we note the existence of “sympathy currents” and “antipathy currents” on social media, where positive emotions prevail, especially towards candidates on the right side of the ideological spectrum, with progressive politicians generating a higher anger and sadness index than conservative ones. Similarly, emotions on social media largely correlate to the subsequent electoral result.

This article analyses the reasons why citizens are in favour of controlling the publishing of fake news even though this curtails freedom of expression, which was the dependent variable. This is the first time a study of this nature is conducted in Latin American countries as so far the only existing scientific contributions are from the Global North. Our starting hypothesis was that it is political variables that have the greatest explanatory potential for this dependent variable. In order to conduct this study, the 2023 questionnaire of the Latinobarometro for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru was used. An analysis was conducted based on inferential (six regressions) and descriptive statistics answering seven research questions. A total of 44 variables grouped into four large blocks were used for the models: social and demographic variables, political and economic situation variables, political culture and institutions variables and mass media variables. In most countries, regression models achieved high levels of explanation, over 40% in Brazil, Chile or Mexico, resulting in a common pattern in all the countries in the region. The variables of behaviour, attitudes and political culture were the ones that recurrently increased the probability of supporting news control measures: supporting the governing party or candidate, (little) satisfaction with democracy, a preference for authoritarian societies or military regimes (Chile and Argentina) or little interest in politics. But also, other sociodemographic variables or those linked to the mass media have proven significant in the models, including social class or the level of trust in these media. These results have contributed to focusing the study of misinformation, its control and its effects on circumstantial, political aspects and on the confidence citizens have in democratic institutions.

During lockdown, as a consequence of the coronavirus crisis in 2020, the majority of Spanish people (70% of social media users) were exposed to a social media consumer space: news without journalistic filters, with a multitude of fake data and a systematic existence of misinformation that has had a close relationship with the perception of credibility. 1,000 surveys were conducted between March 30 and April 30, in Spain. This work describes the consumption patterns of political parties in social networking sites, describing the facts that determine to what extent Spanish people trust the news they receive. The amount of information consumed online, age and the party identification with Vox and Ciudadanos are the most relevant communicative, structural or political variables that explain the increase or decrease in the credibility of the information that Spaniards receive through these channels.

In recent years, political communication has emerged as one of the most prolific subfields within political science and the social sciences as a whole [...]

Mobile applications viewed as digital social change tools are focused on sustainable development, particularly in topics that address ecology and the environment. In this research, the aim is to systematize a review of the 10 most downloaded mobile applications in this context, but deepening on those that use game elements in their interface, organizing them according to components, mechanics and playful dynamics. Findings demonstrate the role of levels and achievements as more repeated dynamics, and challenges and feedback as more relevant elements in gameplay, and finally, emotions and narratives as components of the gamified experience. The incorporation of these elements in mobile games shows that digital gamification in the environmental context is organized from an alternative perspective, where argumentation, the succession of events, the progressive incorporation of difficulty and the interaction with the computerized system modify the traditional view that sees gamification as a superficial system of points.

Over the last few years, European public broadcasters have promoted the concept of public service media as one of their main values. To this end, transparency policies have been implemented as a mechanism of corporate projection by strengthening their role as an essential service. The objective of this article is to ascertain the existence of this type of policies among European public broadcasters. To this end, a nominal group was made with 24 experts who were surveyed, thus generating new indicators of transparency and accountability strategies around sustainability and digitalization. The contents of the websites of RTVE (Spain), RTP (Portugal), France TV (France), RAI (Italy), BBC (UK), RTÉ (Ireland), ZDF (Germany), VRT (Belgium), and SVT (Sweden) were also analyzed, paying attention to such indicators and strategies. The main results include the identification of differences on the basis of the ideal models described by Hallin and Mancini; a commitment to credibility (fact-checking) to the detriment of diversity of opinions; and a connection between the political system and the media system, which, preliminarily, determines the level of transparency of these public entities.

Los medios de comunicación se convierten en actores políticos también en el espacio digital, en dónde su información construye una agenda que se relaciona con candidatos y ciudadanos. La presente investigación analiza las cuentas oficiales de Twitter de las dos principales televisiones en Argentina, Perú, Ecuador, Honduras y Chile durante 28 días, que corresponden con los procesos electorales y campañas de las elecciones presidenciales celebradas en América Latina en el período 2015-2017. A través del estudio de 16.359 emisiones mediante herramientas como Python Twint, NVivo y SPSS, se correlacionan las temáticas más relevantes en cada proceso electoral, poniéndolas en discusión con las agendas de los respectivos candidatos. Como principales conclusiones, se indica la primacía del horse-race campaign, la posición subsidiaria de la información política y la existencia de una \"coalición de agendas\" que marca la relación entre el sistema político y el sistema mediático.

Introduction: The present research develops and suggests 29 indicators of transparency applicable to public televisions, to subsequently rehearse them experimentally with Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN) and Televisión Española (TVE). Methods: Using the analytical method, these indicators are applied to the information available on websites of TVN and TVE, to finally score their level of transparency using a 0 to 100 scale. Results: The greatest transparency is observed in relation to the production of information and access to contents, followed by economic information. The greatest opacity is related to the institutional information and information regarding the directive staff. Discussion and conclusions: The level of transparency of TVN and TVE is the same, both got a score of 62,069 over 100. Besides, the validity of indicators suggested to evaluate the level of transparency is demonstrated and to stablish equitable and objective comparisons between them, even though they should be broadened in the future.

La agenda política en un contexto electoral posee múltiples soportes sobre los cuales construirse: además de los medios de comunicación tradicionales, las redes sociales han asumido un papel protagonista en las estrategias de los partidos. La presente investigación analiza durante 28 días las cuentas oficiales de Twitter de los dos principales candidatos presidenciales en Argentina, Perú, Ecuador, Honduras y Chile, correspondientes a las elecciones celebradas en América Latina en el período 2015-2017. A través de una metodología cuantitativa, el análisis de contenido, y mediante el uso de aplicaciones como Python Twint, NVivo y SPSS, se han expuesto las agendas temáticas por candidatos y por países, aplicando el coeficiente Rho de Spearman para la extracción de correlaciones. Como conclusión, se ha inferido la inexistencia de una agenda digital particular en América Latina, dentro de un comportamiento temático cohesionado a través del eje izquierda-derecha y de la política nacional.

Introducción: La presente investigación analiza temáticamente los debates electorales televisados celebrados en las distintas Comunidades Autónomas de España que en el año 2019 celebraron comicios. Metodología: Codificación y agregación a través de una puntuación de los temas expresados por cada candidato, determinados por la estructura del debate realizado en cada televisión. Presentación en tablas y aplicación del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para medir niveles de correlación. Resultados: Los issues crónicos (política económica, servicios públicos y empleo) ocupan las primeras posiciones en rango en la mayor parte de las Comunidades Autónomas, sumándosele el de \"Ideología y campaña\", propio de los contextos electorales. Discusión y conclusiones: La presencia de partidos políticos nacionalistas o regionalistas en el gobierno tiende a generar problemas compartidos entre sus respectivos territorios.