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تعرف إلى عادات الشعب الصيني
يبين هذا الكتاب الاختلافات الثقافية بين الصينيين والغربيين، لكنه يذكرنا أيضاً بوجود الكثير من أوجه الشبه. فنحن نملك جميعاً أحلاماً وطموحات ورغبات، ونحتاج جميعاً إلى أن نحظى بالحب والاحترام. ونريد جميعاً السلام والاستقرار، وكذلك حياة أفضل لأنفسنا ولعائلاتنا، كل شعار ألعاب بيجيغ الأولمبية لسنة 2008 هو عالم واحد، حلم واحد وهذا يشير إلى أن الأشخاص من ثقافات مختلفة يملكون العديد من الأهداف نفسها، وإنما يستخدمون طرقاً مختلفة لبلوغها.
Book
Emergence of room-temperature ferroelectricity at reduced dimensions
The enhancement of the functional properties of materials at reduced dimensions is crucial for continuous advancements in nanoelectronic applications. Here, we report that the scale reduction leads to the emergence of an important functional property, ferroelectricity, challenging the long-standing notion that ferroelectricity is inevitably suppressed at the scale of a few nanometers. A combination of theoretical calculations, electrical measurements, and structural analyses provides evidence of room-temperature ferroelectricity in strain-free epitaxial nanometer-thick films of otherwise nonferroelectric strontium titanate (SrTiO3). We show that electrically induced alignment of naturally existing polar nanoregions is responsible for the appearance of a stable net ferroelectric polarization in these films. This finding can be useful for the development of low-dimensional material systems with enhanced functional properties relevant to emerging nanoelectronic devices.
Journal Article
The equity myth : racialization and indigeneity at Canadian universities
\"The university is often regarded as a bastion of liberal democracy where equity and diversity are vigorously promoted. In reality, the university still excludes many people and is a site of racialization that is subtle, complex, and sophisticated. This book, the first comprehensive, data-based study of racialized and Indigenous faculty members' experiences in Canadian universities, challenges the myth of equity in higher education. Drawing on a rich body of survey data, interviews, and analysis of universities' stated policies, leading scholars scrutinize what universities have done and question the effectiveness of their employment equity programs. They also make important recommendations as to how universities can address racialization and fulfill the promise of equity in the academy.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Non-metabolic functions of glycolytic enzymes in tumorigenesis
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet the requirement for survival and rapid growth. One hallmark of cancer metabolism is elevated aerobic glycolysis and reduced oxidative phosphorylation. Emerging evidence showed that most glycolytic enzymes are deregulated in cancer cells and play important roles in tumorigenesis. Recent studies revealed that all essential glycolytic enzymes can be translocated into nucleus where they participate in tumor progression independent of their canonical metabolic roles. These noncanonical functions include anti-apoptosis, regulation of epigenetic modifications, modulation of transcription factors and co-factors, extracellular cytokine, protein kinase activity and mTORC1 signaling pathway, suggesting that these multifaceted glycolytic enzymes not only function in canonical metabolism but also directly link metabolism to epigenetic and transcription programs implicated in tumorigenesis. These findings underscore our understanding about how tumor cells adapt to nutrient and fuel availability in the environment and most importantly, provide insights into development of cancer therapy.
Journal Article
Highly stretchable electroluminescent skin for optical signaling and tactile sensing
Cephalopods such as octopuses have a combination of a stretchable skin and color-tuning organs to control both posture and color for visual communication and disguise. We present an electroluminescent material that is capable of large uniaxial stretching and surface area changes while actively emitting light. Layers of transparent hydrogel electrodes sandwich a ZnS phosphor-doped dielectric elastomer layer, creating thin rubber sheets that change illuminance and capacitance under deformation. Arrays of individually controllable pixels in thin rubber sheets were fabricated using replica molding and were subjected to stretching, folding, and rolling to demonstrate their use as stretchable displays. These sheets were then integrated into the skin of a soft robot, providing it with dynamic coloration and sensory feedback from external and internal stimuli.
Journal Article
Non-histone protein methylation as a regulator of cellular signalling and function
Key Points
Approximately 4,000 Lys and Arg methylation sites have been identified in human proteins to date, most of which are on non-histone proteins.
The mapping of methyltransferase–substrate networks indicated that a large array of cellular functions is regulated by protein methylation, ranging from chromatin structure remodelling to gene transcription, DNA repair, protein synthesis, RNA metabolism, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and signal transduction.
Crosstalk often occurs between phosphorylation and methylation, and between two neighbouring methylated residues. This may result in the enhancement or repression of protein function and cellular processes.
Methylation has emerged as an important modulator of cell signalling. Lys or Arg methylation of regulatory proteins in the MAPK, WNT, BMP, Hippo and JAK–STAT signalling pathways were shown to modulate signalling sensitivity, strength, or duration.
Methylation signals on histone and non-histone proteins may regulate each other to affect nuclear processes. Proteins that contain a methyl-lysine- or methylarginine-binding domain often function as hubs of signalling integration or diversification. Examples are found in the regulation of nuclear factor-κB and p53 transcriptional activity by methylation.
The size of the methylproteome may be as large as that of the tyrosine phosphoproteome. Advances in mass spectrometry and related technologies are speeding up the characterization of the methylproteome and the elucidation of its functions in health and disease.
Lys and Arg methylation on non-histone proteins regulates various signalling pathways, and its crosstalk with other post-translational modifications and with histone methylation affects cellular processes such as transcription and DNA damage repair. Advances in proteomics now allow us to decode the methylproteome and elucidate its functions.
Methylation of Lys and Arg residues on non-histone proteins has emerged as a prevalent post-translational modification and as an important regulator of cellular signal transduction mediated by the MAPK, WNT, BMP, Hippo and JAK–STAT signalling pathways. Crosstalk between methylation and other types of post-translational modifications, and between histone and non-histone protein methylation frequently occurs and affects cellular functions such as chromatin remodelling, gene transcription, protein synthesis, signal transduction and DNA repair. With recent advances in proteomic techniques, in particular mass spectrometry, the stage is now set to decode the methylproteome and define its functions in health and disease.
Journal Article
Neuroinflammation mediates noise-induced synaptic imbalance and tinnitus in rodent models
Hearing loss is a major risk factor for tinnitus, hyperacusis, and central auditory processing disorder. Although recent studies indicate that hearing loss causes neuroinflammation in the auditory pathway, the mechanisms underlying hearing loss-related pathologies are still poorly understood. We examined neuroinflammation in the auditory cortex following noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and its role in tinnitus in rodent models. Our results indicate that NIHL is associated with elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation-two defining features of neuroinflammatory responses-in the primary auditory cortex (AI). Genetic knockout of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or pharmacologically blocking TNF-α expression prevented neuroinflammation and ameliorated the behavioral phenotype associated with tinnitus in mice with NIHL. Conversely, infusion of TNF-α into AI resulted in behavioral signs of tinnitus in both wild-type and TNF-α knockout mice with normal hearing. Pharmacological depletion of microglia also prevented tinnitus in mice with NIHL. At the synaptic level, the frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs) increased and that of miniature inhibitory synaptic currents (mIPSCs) decreased in AI pyramidal neurons in animals with NIHL. This excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic imbalance was completely prevented by pharmacological blockade of TNF-α expression. These results implicate neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target for treating tinnitus and other hearing loss-related disorders.
Journal Article
Electromagnetic Energy Conversion at Reconnection Fronts
Earth's magnetotail contains magnetic energy derived from the kinetic energy of the solar wind. Conversion of that energy back to particle energy ultimately powers Earth's auroras, heats the magnetospheric plasma, and energizes the Van Allen radiation belts. Where and how such electromagnetic energy conversion occurs has been unclear. Using a conjunction between eight spacecraft, we show that this conversion takes place within fronts of recently reconnected magnetic flux, predominantly at 1-to 10-electron inertial length scale, intense electrical current sheets (tens to hundreds of nanoamperes per square meter). Launched continually during intervals of geomagnetic activity, these reconnection outflow flux fronts convert ~10 to 100 gigawatts per square Earth radius of power, consistent with local magnetic flux transport, and a few times 10¹⁵ joules of magnetic energy, consistent with global magnetotail flux reduction.
Journal Article
Bacillus licheniformis (BE-L60) Improved Tolerance of Spinach Seedlings Against Heat Stress
This investigation identifies a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria which can improve the heat tolerance of spinach (
Spinacia oleracea
L.)
. Bacillus licheniformis
strain (named
B. licheniformis
BE-L60) was isolated from the heat-stressed spinach rhizosphere soil.It secretesindole-3-acetic acid, dissolve phosphorus, and produces amylases and proteases. Compared toun-inocculated spinach seedlings, those inoculated with BE-L60 had higher contents of soluble protein, proline, and sugar and enhanced the functions of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase. The results indicated that BE-L60 maintained the osmoprotectant levels to improve ion homeostasis and activates the antioxidant defense system. It was also identified via transcriptome analysis that heat stress could be alleviatedthe expression of heat shock protein genes. Overall, BE-L60 enhanced spinach seedlings’ heat tolerance by modulating plants’ physiological and biochemical processes.
Journal Article
Association between Dietary Protein Intake and Cognitive Function in Adults Aged 60 Years and Older
The aim of this study was to examine the association of dietary protein intake and protein sources with cognitive function in population aged 60 years and older.
Cross-sectional study.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014.
Non-institutionalized US adults aged 60 years and older.
Cognitive functions were assessed by a series of cognitive tests. Dietary protein intake was assessed by two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the associations between quartiles of dietary protein intake and cognitive function.
Protein intake was positively associated with cognitive function. In full-adjusted model, the significant association between dietary protein intake and Recall Test score was observed (quartile (Q) 2 versus Q1, β=0.24, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.47); the association between protein intake and Animal Fluency test was significant (Q2 versus Q1, β=1.40, 95%CI: 0.51 to 2.29; Q4 versus Q1, β=1.42, 95%CI: 0.37 to 2.48); the positive associations with DSST score and Composite z-score were observed both in Q2 versus Q1 and Q3 versus Q1 of protein intake. Protein intake from total animal, total meat, eggs and legumes were associated with a better performance on certain cognitive tests. However, an adverse association between higher protein intake from milk and milk products and cognitive function was observed.
We found the positive associations of dietary protein intake and protein intake from total animal, total meat, eggs and legumes with cognitive function in adults aged 60 years and older, while higher milk and milk products were negatively associated with cognitive function.
Journal Article