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Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease with diverse clinical features. Although AD is diagnosed mainly by clinical features, the laboratory abnormalities can be found in most patients and may be of diagnostic value. However, few studies have been performed on the clinical significance of laboratory abnormalities in adult and adolescent AD. Methods Adult and adolescent patients with AD were included in this study. The questionnaire and dermatological examination were completed by investigators. Laboratory tests included complete blood count, serum total IgE, and allergen‐specific IgE. Results A total of 473 patients were recruited and 396 of them were diagnosed as AD. Increased serum total IgE level, peripheral eosinophils, and basophils were seen more frequently in AD patients than in non‐AD patients (P < .05). Positive aeroallergens were seen more in AD patients than in non‐AD patients (P < .05). Both total serum IgE level (R = .286, P < .001) and peripheral eosinophils (R = .444, P < .001) significantly correlated with EASI score. Serum total IgE level and extrinsic type AD decreased with age. Patients with elevated serum total IgE are more likely to have a personal history of atopic diseases (P = .014). AD‐associated symptoms (such as flexural dermatitis, white dermographism, and anterior neck folds) are more frequently observed in AD patients with high serum IgE or eosinophilia (P < .05). Conclusion The serum total IgE level, allergen‐specific IgE, peripheral eosinophils, and basophils are important for the diagnosis of AD. And they are associated with the severity, age groups, and clinical manifestations.

Background:Urticaria is a common skin disease characterized by episodes of wheals, and it has a negative effect on patients’ quality of life. Large-scale population-based epidemiological studies of urticaria are scarce in China. The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria in the Chinese population.Methods:This survey was conducted in 35 cities from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China. Two to three communities in each city were selected in this investigation. Participants completed questionnaires and received dermatological examinations. We analyzed the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria.Results:In total, 44,875 questionnaires were distributed and 41,041 valid questionnaires were collected (17,563 male and 23,478 female participants). The lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30%, with 8.26% in female and 6.34% in male individuals (P < 0.05). The point prevalence of urticaria was 0.75%, with 0.79% in female and 0.71% in male individuals (P < 0.05). Concomitant angioedema was found in 6.16% of patients. Adults had a higher prevalence of urticaria than adolescents and children. Living in urban areas, exposure to pollutants, an anxious or depressed psychological status, a personal and family history of allergy, thyroid diseases, and Helicobacter pylori infection were associated with a higher prevalence of urticaria. Smoking was correlated with a reduced risk of urticaria.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30% and the point prevalence was 0.75% in the Chinese population; women had a higher prevalence of urticaria than men. Various factors were correlated with urticaria.

Drought stress significantly impacts plant growth, productivity, and yield, necessitating a swift fine-tuning of pathways for adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. This study explored the effects of Arabidopsis BTB-A2.1, BTB-A2.2, and BTB-A2.3, distinguished by their exclusive possession of the Broad-complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-à-brac (BTB) domain, on the negative regulation of drought stress mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of numerous ABA-responsive and drought stress-related cis-acting elements within the promoters of AtBTB-A2.1, AtBTB-A2.2, and AtBTB-A2.3. The AtBTB-A2.1, AtBTB-A2.2, and AtBTB-A2.3 transcript abundances increased under drought and ABA induction according to qRT-PCR and GUS staining. Furthermore, the Arabidopsis btb-a2.1/2/3 triple mutant exhibited enhanced drought tolerance, supporting the findings from the overexpression studies. Additionally, we detected a decrease in the stomatal aperture and water loss rate of the Arabidopsis btb-a2.1/2/3 mutant, suggesting the involvement of these genes in repressing stomatal closure. Importantly, the ABA signaling-responsive gene levels within Arabidopsis btb-a2.1/2/3 significantly increased compared with those in the wild type (WT) under drought stress. Based on such findings, Arabidopsis BTB-A2s negatively regulate drought stress via the ABA signaling pathway.

【Background and Objective】Improving water use efficiency in agriculture is a critical to alleviating global water stress. As agriculture consumes approximately 62% of global water, optimizing agricultural water use is essential for sustainable resource management. In the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), water transport in soil-root system is a key water cycle component and has attracted increasing research attention. Recent studies have shown that rational an approximate root pruning can improve plant water use efficiency, offering promising strategies for water-efficient agriculture. However, study on root pruning in rice remains limited, with most studies focusing on either timing or intensity, while ignoring their combined effects. This study aims to address this gap.【Method】A field experiment was conducted using two rice varieties, Jingzhan 1 and Luhan 639. Root pruning was performed on the 7 th, 9 th, and 11 th day after germination by cutting the root at 1.5 cm from the root tip, removing half of the root, and retaining 2 cm root segment. An unpruned root treatment was the control. Overall, there were eight treatments, which were arranged in a randomized design with three replicates each. Key indicators such as seedling vigor index, root-to-shoot ratio, photosynthetic traits, and water use efficiency were measured during the. Using the membership function method, seven variables were used to comprehensively assess the impact of different pruning treatments.【Result】For the Jingzhan 1 variety, pruning the root at 1.5 cm from the root tip on the 9 th day after germination resulted in the greatest improvement in seedling growth and water use efficiency. For the Luhan 639 variety, removing half of the root on the 9 th day after germination produced the best results.【Conclusion】Root pruning, when applied at the optimal time and intensity, can significantly enhance rice seedling growth and water use efficiency. This study provides practical guidelines for improving water-efficient rice cultivation and contributes to the broader goal of sustainable agricultural water management.

Ground subsidence, as a kind of slow-onset geologic disaster, has shown an expansion trend in many new urban areas in China in recent years, posing a serious threat to the safety of urban infrastructure and regional spatial development. As the core bearing platform of the National Comprehensive Pilot Zone for Conversion of Old and New Dynamics, the risk of ground subsidence has gradually emerged in the context of rapid urbanization and high-intensity resource development in the starting area of Jinan. Based on multi-source data such as geo-environmental conditions, groundwater dynamics, construction intensity, etc., this paper constructs a ground subsidence risk evaluation index system, applies the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) and the GIS spatial superposition model to carry out the risk classification, analyzes its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and main control factors, and puts forward targeted zoning prevention and control countermeasures. The results of the study can provide decision-making support for urban planning, engineering construction and geologic disaster prevention and control in the starting area of Jinan.

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a major life‐threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Inflammatory signaling pathways promote T‐cell activation and are involved in the pathogenesis of GVHD. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a critical negative regulator for several inflammatory cytokines. However, its regulatory role in T‐cell activation and GVHD has not been elucidated. Multiomics analysis of the transcriptome and chromatin structure of granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating‐factor (G‐CSF)‐administered hyporesponsive T cells from healthy donors reveal that G‐CSF upregulates SOCS1 by reorganizing the chromatin structure around the SOCS1 locus. Parallel in vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrate that SOCS1 is critical for restraining T cell activation. Loss of Socs1 in T cells exacerbates GVHD pathogenesis and diminishes the protective role of G‐CSF in GVHD mouse models. Further analysis shows that SOCS1 inhibits T cell activation not only by inhibiting the colony‐stimulating‐factor 3 receptor (CSF3R)/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, but also by restraining activation of the inflammasome signaling pathway. Moreover, high expression of SOCS1 in T cells from patients correlates with low acute GVHD occurrence after HSCT. Overall, these findings identify that SOCS1 is critical for inhibiting T cell activation and represents a potential target for the attenuation of GVHD. Granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating‐factor (G‐CSF) activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by the colony‐stimulating‐factor 3 receptor (CSF3R), then phosphorylated STAT3 enters into nucleus and upregulates suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) by reorganizing chromatin structure around the SOCS1 locus. Activating SOCS1 prevents T‐cell activationand graft‐versus‐host disease by inhibiting CSF3R, STAT3, and NOD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.

【目的】研究断根对水稻幼苗根系形态及提高水稻幼苗水分利用效率影响效果。【方法】以“绿旱639”水稻品种为研究对象，开展不同断根时间和不同断根强度的水稻幼苗培育试验。在水稻种子萌发不同时间（第5、7、9、11天）进行相同强度（1/2断根）的断根处理；在种子萌发至第9天，对萌发的水稻幼苗进行A1.5（断根尖1.5 cm）、A1/2（断1/2根长）、A2.0（留剩余根长2.0 cm）3种不同强度的断根处理，分别设置对照组（CK），检测水稻幼苗根系形态、株高、茎粗、根冠比、光合特性和水分利用效率等指标，并采用隶属函数法对水稻幼苗根系形态评价，确定最优处理。【结果】种子萌发第7天，1/2断根处理后的根系形态最佳；A2.0处理下的根系形态最佳。2种断根方式下，水稻幼苗的根冠比均不同程度的降低，但和CK相比，并无显著性差异。种子萌发第9天断根处理根冠比最低，为0.228 5。试验还发现，断根处理可降低叶片的气孔导度，进而提高水稻自身的水分利用效率。种子萌发第9天断根处理水分利用效率最高，比CK增加14.93%。A2.0处理水分利用效率最高，比CK增加38.99%。【结论】通过开展对比试验探索断根对水稻幼苗根系形态及水分利用效率影响，旨为我国节水农业的发展提供切实可行的科学依据和数据支撑。

【目的】断根有利于作物生长和提高水分利用效率，但是水稻幼苗生长及水分利用效率最优的断根组合方式不明确。【方法】本研究以荆占“1”号和绿旱“639”水稻品种为研究对象，开展不同时间和不同强度双维度断根的水稻幼苗培育试验。在水稻种子萌发第7、9、11天对其进行断根尖1.5 cm、断根1/2和留根长2 cm双维度不同组合断根处理，以不断根为对照组。试验共设置8个处理，每个处理3个重复，检测水稻幼苗壮苗指数、根冠比、光合特性和水分利用效率等指标，选择7个检测指标通过隶属函数法对组合断根处理下的水稻幼苗的生长和水分利用效率进行综合分析评价。【结果】荆占“1”号在种子萌发第9天，断根尖1.5 cm处理下，幼苗生长及水分利用效率最佳；绿旱“639”在种子萌发第9天，断根长1/2处理下，幼苗生长及水分利用效率最佳。【结论】适时适度的根系修剪可促进水稻幼苗生长、提高水分利用效率，促进节水水稻栽培以及农业水资源可持续发展。

【Objective】An optimal root architecture not only provides anchorage for plants but also enhances the acquisition of water and nutrients, which are unevenly distributed in the soil profile. This study experimentally investigates how root cutting can improve the root architecture of rice seedlings and its subsequent impact on water use efficiency.【Method】The experiment used the rice variety Lvhan 639 as the model plant and included two treatments. In the first treatment, half of the root system was removed at 5, 7, 9, and 11 days after seedling emergence. In the second treatment, root cutting was conducted 9 days after seedling emergence, with the root being cut at 1.5 cm from the root tip (A1.5), at the middle of the root (A1/2), and cut the root to 2.0 cm (A2.0). The control group did not undergo any root cutting. In each treatment, we measured root architecture, plant height, stem diameter, root-to-shoot ratio, photosynthetic traits, and water use efficiency of the seedlings.【Result】In the first treatment, the most favorable root architecture was observed when half of the root was cut 7 days after seedling emergence. In the second treatment, (A2.0) produced the optimal root architecture. Root cutting reduced the root-to-shoot ratio in all cases, although the differences between the two treatments were not statistically significant. In the first treatment, the lowest root-to-shoot ratio (0.228 5) occurred when the root was cut 9 days after seedling emergence. Root cutting improved water use efficiency, primarily by decreasing stomatal conductance. In the first treatment, cutting the roots 9 days after seedling emergence increased water use efficiency by 14.93% compared to the control. In the second treatment, cutting the roots to 2.0 cm showed the highest water use efficiency, with a 38.99% improvement over the control.【Conclusion】Root cutting can effectively enhance both root architecture and water use efficiency in rice seedlings. Among the methods tested, cutting half of the root 7 days after seedling emergence or trimming the root to 2.0 cm on the 9th day after seedling emergence were most effective for optimizing root development and increasing water use efficiency.