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This study examines how loyalty influences the relationship between customer satisfaction (CS) and repurchase intention (RPI). Considering the effect of time, the study introduces adjusted expectations, which are expectations updated after consumption experience. The present study investigates the role of adjusted expectations in the CS–RPI link. With structural‐equation analysis, the proposed model was tested in the family‐restaurant setting. The results show that adjusted expectations can mediate the effect of CS on RPI. The results also indicate that processes underlying the CS–RPI link are different between low‐loyalty and high‐loyalty customers. Specifically, the transient route, which reflects the indirect path from CS to RPI via adjusted expectations, has a greater impact for nonloyals than for loyals. On the other hand, the chronic route, which represents the direct path from CS to RPI, has a greater impact for loyals than for nonloyals. CS is found to have no direct influence on RPI for low‐loyalty customers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Purpose – This study seeks to examine perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) with a focus on ethical and legal questions, related to the constructs such as recovery satisfaction, customer trust, and loyalty after a service failure. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical test was conducted on this relationship in the context of service failure and recovery. A structural equation model was employed to test the hypotheses. Findings – Results indicate that perceived CSR has a significant impact on customer trust and loyalty and that customer trust serves as a key mediating variable in service recovery. Research limitations/implications – This study provides a theoretical implication for the relationship between perceived CSR and the relationship constructs such as service recovery satisfaction, customer trust, and loyalty. Practical implications – The results suggest that managers may need to be aware of perceived CSR as a key variable in restoring customer loyalty. The results further suggest that perceived CSR has a direct and indirect positive effect on loyalty; perceived CSR has a direct impact on loyalty, but it also has an indirect influence on loyalty through customer trust. Originality/value – In an attempt to deepen the understanding of how customer perceptions of firm CSR are connected with other customer-related outcomes during service recovery, the present research proposes a comprehensive model which encompasses CSR and other key relationship constructs after a service failure and recovery.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between perceived justice and perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the impact of perceived justice and CSR perceptions on customers’ behavioral responses, such as satisfaction and repatronage intention after service recovery. The authors also investigate the moderating role of service failure severity in the relationship between perceived justice and perceived CSR. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected using individually completed questionnaires. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling, and the moderation effects of failure severity in the relationship between perceived justice and perceived CSR were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression models. Findings The results suggest a path from satisfaction to CSR perceptions, which indicates that the link between CSR perceptions and satisfaction is reversed in the context of service recovery. The authors further reveal recovery satisfaction in two ways: It has a direct influence on repatronage intentions as well as an indirect influence via perceived CSR. Finally, the results demonstrate that the severity of a service failure intensifies the impact of distributive and procedural justice perceptions on perceived CSR, and perceived CSR serves as a partial mediator in the path from recovery satisfaction to repatronage intentions. Research limitations/implications The results demonstrate that perceived justice of service recovery affects perceived CSR after a service failure and that the severity of a service failure moderates the impact of justice perceptions on perceived CSR. However, the possibility of intercausal relationships among distributive, procedural and interactional justice may need to be further explored in future research. Practical implications Given that the impact of distributive and procedural justice on CSR perceptions has become more critical as the severity of service failure increases, companies should prioritize allocating a fair amount of monetary compensation in a timely manner, particularly for those who experience a severe service failure. Originality/value The authors propose a model of perceived justice – perceived CSR – repatronage intentions within the service recovery context in an attempt to deepen the understanding of the antecedents of repatronage intention and the relationship between repatronage intention and recovery satisfaction following service recovery encounters by introducing perceived justice and CSR. Moreover, the authors discover the moderating effect of service failure severity on the relationship between justice perceptions and perceived CSR.

[...]there is a need for more appropriate criteria for public service quality which will provide accurate analyses of status quo, suggest ways for effective improvement, and capture the relationship between service quality and city performance from a macro perspective. [...]we need a model that guides the way of obtaining the world-class public service of Seoul City by considering various international quality criteria. [...]the model should be useful as an instrument for diagnosing and solving the quality problems for each public service organization by developing internal indices for organizations as well as external ones for their customers (citizens). Undoubtedly, the ultimate goal of public administration is citizen loyalty and citizen happiness. [...]the model should incorporate the ultimate goal as the construct of city performance (Anderson etal. 1994; Berman and Wang 2000; Bernhardt et al. 2000; Grapentine 1999; Wagenheim 1991).

Small cyclic peptides have gained significant traction as a therapeutic modality; however, the development of deep learning methods for accurately designing such peptides has been slow, mostly due to the lack of sufficiently large training sets. Here, we introduce AfCycDesign, a deep learning approach for accurate structure prediction, sequence redesign, and de novo hallucination of cyclic peptides. Using AfCycDesign, we identified over 10,000 structurally-diverse designs predicted to fold into the designed structures with high confidence. X-ray crystal structures for eight tested de novo designed sequences match very closely with the design models (RMSD < 1.0 Å), highlighting the atomic level accuracy in our approach. Further, we used the set of hallucinated peptides as starting scaffolds to design binders with nanomolar IC 50 against MDM2 and Keap1. The computational methods and scaffolds developed here provide the basis for the custom design of peptides for diverse protein targets and therapeutic applications. AfCycDesign: Cyclic offset to the relative positional encoding in AlphaFold2 enables accurate structure prediction, sequence redesign, and de novo hallucination of cyclic peptide monomers and binders.

Background Menopausal symptoms are associated with inflammation. Curcumin is a well-known anti-inflammatory bioactive compound from turmeric whereas tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin that may have different efficacies. However, they have not been studied for anti-menopausal symptoms and anti-osteoarthritis effects. We compared the efficacies of curcumin and THC for preventing postmenopausal and osteoarthritis symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) obese rats with monoiodoacetate (MIA) injections into the right knee to generate a similar pathology as osteoarthritis. Methods OVX rats were provided a 45 % fat diet containing either (1) 0.4 % curcumin (curcumin), (2) 0.4 % THC, (3) 30 μg/kg body weight 17β-estradiol + 0.4 % dextrin (positive control), (4) 0.4 % dextrin (placebo; control), or (5) 0.4 % dextrin with no MIA injection (normal control) for 4 weeks. At the beginning of the fifth week, OVX rats were given articular injections of MIA or normal-control saline into the right knee and the assigned diets were provided for an additional 3 weeks. Results Curcumin and THC had similar efficacies for skin tail temperature in OVX rats whereas THC, but not curcumin, prevented glucose intolerance, which might be involved in exacerbating osteoarthritis. Both protected against osteoarthritis symptoms and pain-related behaviors better than 17β-estradiol treatment in estrogen-deficient rats. Curcumin and THC prevented the deterioration of articular cartilage compared to control. They also maintained lean body mass and lowered fat mass as much as 17β-estradiol treatment. The improvement in osteoarthritis symptoms was associated with decreased gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 3 and MMP13 and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin ( IL ) 1β , and IL6 in the articular cartilage. Conclusions THC and curcumin are effective for treating postmenopausal and osteoarthritis symptoms in OVX rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis-like symptoms and may have potential as interventions for menopausal and osteoarthritic symptoms in humans.

Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness (ARNSD) is characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, with reported mutations in 58 different genes. This study was designed to detect deafness-causing variants in a multiethnic cohort with ARNSD by using whole-exome sequencing (WES). After excluding mutations in the most common gene, GJB2, we performed WES in 160 multiplex families with ARNSD from Turkey, Iran, Mexico, Ecuador, and Puerto Rico to screen for mutations in all known ARNSD genes. We detected ARNSD-causing variants in 90 (56%) families, 54% of which had not been previously reported. Identified mutations were located in 31 known ARNSD genes. The most common genes with mutations were MYO15A (13%), MYO7A (11%), SLC26A4 (10%), TMPRSS3 (9%), TMC1 (8%), ILDR1 (6%), and CDH23 (4%). Nine mutations were detected in multiple families with shared haplotypes, suggesting founder effects. We report on a large multiethnic cohort with ARNSD in which comprehensive analysis of all known ARNSD genes identifies causative DNA variants in 56% of the families. In the remaining families, WES allows us to search for causative variants in novel genes, thus improving our ability to explain the underlying etiology in more families.

Increased research to improve preclinical models to inform the development of therapeutics for neonatal diseases is an area of great need. This article reviews five common neonatal diseases – bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, perinatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy and neonatal sepsis – and the available in vivo, in vitro and in silico preclinical models for studying these diseases. Better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of specialized neonatal disease models will help to improve their utility, may add to the understanding of the mode of action and efficacy of a therapeutic, and/or may improve the understanding of the disease pathology to aid in identification of new therapeutic targets. Although the diseases covered in this article are diverse and require specific approaches, several high-level, overarching key lessons can be learned by evaluating the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in the available models. This Review is intended to help guide current and future researchers toward successful development of therapeutics in these areas of high unmet medical need.

Objectives: The use of collaborative care teams, comprising nurse care managers and community health workers, has emerged as a promising strategy to tackle hyperten­sion disparities by addressing patients’ social determinants of health. We sought to identify which social determinants of health are associated with a patient’s likelihood of engaging with collaborative care team members and with the nurse care manager’s likelihood of enlisting community health workers (CHW) to provide additional sup­port to patients.Methods: We conducted a within-group longitudinal analysis of patients assigned to receive a collaborative care intervention in a pragmatic, cluster randomized trial that aims to reduce disparities in hypertension control (N=888). Generalized estimating equations were used to identify which social deter­minants of health, reported on the study’s baseline survey, were associated with the odds of patients engaging with the col­laborative care intervention, and of nurses deploying community health workers.Results: Patients who were unable to work and those with higher health literacy were less likely to engage with the collaborative care team than those who were employed full time or had lower health literacy, respectively. Patients had a greater likeli­hood of being referred to a community health worker by their care manager if they reported higher health literacy, perceived stress, or food insecurity, while those report­ing higher numeracy had lower odds of receiving a CHW referral.Implications/Conclusions: A patient’s social determinants of health influence the extent of engagement in a collaborative care intervention and nurse care manager appraisals of the need for supplementary support provided by community health workers.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):47-56; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.47