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A 12-year follow-up - Results of a Descriptive Catamnesis Study of Psychoanalytic and Behavioral-Medication Treatments for Children with ADHD According to the guidelines, behavioral therapy with medication (BT/M) is the preferred treatment for children diagnosed with ADHD. With the Frankfurt ADHD Effectiveness Study, a controlled, prospective intervention study without randomization, we are investigating whether psychoanalytic treatment without medication (PSA) for children with a diagnosis of ADHD and/or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is as effective as the \"standard treatment\" BT/M and has longer-term effects. The aim is to provide a description of the sample analyzed 12 years after the start of treatment. Of 54 study children with a diagnosis of ADHD and/or ODD who last participated in the 38-month catamnesis (31 PSA, 23 BT/M; 10 female, 44 male; average age 8 years), 19 were reached and examined again at the 12-year catamnesis (10 PSA and 9 BT/M; 6 female, 13 male; average age 19 years). The research diagnostics comprised the questionnaires of the Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders for children and adolescents (DISYPS-III), the questionnaire for adolescents of the Child Behavior Checklist (YSR/ 11-18R) and the questionnaire for the assessment of quality of life in adolescents (ILK). 12 years after baseline, of 19 young adults, only 5 fulfill the diagnostic criteria in the self-report (DISYPS-III, diagnosis ADHD: 0 PSA, 1 BT/M; diagnosis ODD: 1 PSA, 3 BT/M) and 1 of 19 young adults shows external problems (YSR/11-18R: 0 PSA, 1 BT/M). Residual impairments were observed in the internal problems (YSR/11-18R: 2 PSA, 6 BT/M). Despite the small sample size, the descriptive results suggest that young adults who received psychoanalytic treatment without medication in childhood do not perform worse than young adults in the BT/M arm even 12 years after starting treatment.A 12-year follow-up - Results of a Descriptive Catamnesis Study of Psychoanalytic and Behavioral-Medication Treatments for Children with ADHD According to the guidelines, behavioral therapy with medication (BT/M) is the preferred treatment for children diagnosed with ADHD. With the Frankfurt ADHD Effectiveness Study, a controlled, prospective intervention study without randomization, we are investigating whether psychoanalytic treatment without medication (PSA) for children with a diagnosis of ADHD and/or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is as effective as the \"standard treatment\" BT/M and has longer-term effects. The aim is to provide a description of the sample analyzed 12 years after the start of treatment. Of 54 study children with a diagnosis of ADHD and/or ODD who last participated in the 38-month catamnesis (31 PSA, 23 BT/M; 10 female, 44 male; average age 8 years), 19 were reached and examined again at the 12-year catamnesis (10 PSA and 9 BT/M; 6 female, 13 male; average age 19 years). The research diagnostics comprised the questionnaires of the Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders for children and adolescents (DISYPS-III), the questionnaire for adolescents of the Child Behavior Checklist (YSR/ 11-18R) and the questionnaire for the assessment of quality of life in adolescents (ILK). 12 years after baseline, of 19 young adults, only 5 fulfill the diagnostic criteria in the self-report (DISYPS-III, diagnosis ADHD: 0 PSA, 1 BT/M; diagnosis ODD: 1 PSA, 3 BT/M) and 1 of 19 young adults shows external problems (YSR/11-18R: 0 PSA, 1 BT/M). Residual impairments were observed in the internal problems (YSR/11-18R: 2 PSA, 6 BT/M). Despite the small sample size, the descriptive results suggest that young adults who received psychoanalytic treatment without medication in childhood do not perform worse than young adults in the BT/M arm even 12 years after starting treatment.

Background: This brief report presents an action research project that was conducted in 2020 to contribute to approaches to ensure adherence to COVID-19 health protocols by children in Ghana. The research was on the basis that when adults allow children to share the burden of finding effective measures to the adherence of COVID-19 health protocols, the spread of the virus will be contained, which would also ensure the safety of children. Method: The action research was designed to be socially engaging, therefore a qualitative approach using Arts-Based-Research was adopted. Arts, as a socio-pedagogical method, was used as a tool to engage 189 children, between the ages of 4 and 15 years, in art workshops in Kumasi, Ghana's second-largest city. The children, from different socioeconomic backgrounds, were aided by Art Assistants to handle the different art materials. Results: The different artistic depiction of children on COVID-19 suggests that the awareness created had reached many children irrespective of their socioeconomic background. However, how it was portrayed by the child participants introduced a fun aspect enabling the art materials to be used for advocacy. Conclusion: The medium, children's art, used was innovative and caught the attention of children and adults alike, hence the art materials were effective advocacy materials. Also, the flexibility of the project design enabled the researchers to adapt the outputs to suit the rapidly evolving COVID-19 issues in the country to make the project more effective.

Summary A 12-year follow-up - Results of a Descriptive Catamnesis Study of Psychoanalytic and Behavioral-Medication Treatments for Children with ADHD According to the guidelines, behavioral therapy with medication (BT/M) is the preferred treatment for children diagnosed with ADHD. With the Frankfurt ADHD Effectiveness Study, a controlled, prospective intervention study without randomization, we are investigating whether psychoanalytic treatment without medication (PSA) for children with a diagnosis of ADHD and/or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is as effective as the “standard treatment” BT/M and has longer-term effects. The aim is to provide a description of the sample analyzed 12 years after the start of treatment. Of 54 study children with a diagnosis of ADHD and/or ODD who last participated in the 38-month catamnesis (31 PSA, 23 BT/M; 10 female, 44 male; average age 8 years), 19 were reached and examined again at the 12-year catamnesis (10 PSA and 9 BT/M; 6 female, 13 male; average age 19 years). The research diagnostics comprised the questionnaires of the Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders for children and adolescents (DISYPS-III), the questionnaire for adolescents of the Child Behavior Checklist (YSR/ 11-18R) and the questionnaire for the assessment of quality of life in adolescents (ILK). 12 years after baseline, of 19 young adults, only 5 fulfill the diagnostic criteria in the self-report (DISYPS-III, diagnosis ADHD: 0 PSA, 1 BT/M; diagnosis ODD: 1 PSA, 3 BT/M) and 1 of 19 young adults shows external problems (YSR/11-18R: 0 PSA, 1 BT/M). Residual impairments were observed in the internal problems (YSR/11-18R: 2 PSA, 6 BT/M). Despite the small sample size, the descriptive results suggest that young adults who received psychoanalytic treatment without medication in childhood do not perform worse than young adults in the BT/M arm even 12 years after starting treatment. Zusammenfassung Nach den Guidelines gilt die Verhaltenstherapie mit Medikation (VT/M) als präferierte Behandlung von Kindern mit der Diagnose ADHS. Mit der Frankfurter ADHS-Wirksamkeitsstudie, einer kontrollierten, prospektiven Interventionsstudie ohne Randomisierung, untersuchen wir, ob die psychoanalytische Behandlung ohne Medikation (PSA) ebenso effektiv ist wie die „Standardbehandlung“ VT/M und nachhaltige Wirkungen hat. Ziel ist die deskriptive Darstellung der Stichprobe 12 Jahre nach Beginn der Behandlung. Von 54 Studienkindern mit der Diagnose ADHS und/oder Störung des Sozialverhaltens, die zuletzt an der 38-Monats- Katamnese teilnahmen (31 PSA, 23 VT/M; 10 weiblich, 44 männlich, Durchschnittsalter 8 Jahre) wurden zur 12-Jahres-Katamnese 19 erreicht und untersucht (10 PSA und 9 VT/M; 6 weiblich, 13 männlich, Durchschnittsalter 19 Jahre). Die Forschungsdiagnostik umfasste die Fragebögen des Diagnostik-Systems für Psychische Störungen für Kinder und Jugendliche (DISYPS-III), den Fragebogen für Jugendliche der Child-Behavior-Checklist (YSR/11- 18R) und den Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (ILK). Von 19 jungen Erwachsenen erfüllten zur 12-Jahres-Katamnese nur 5 die Diagnosekriterien im Selbstbericht (DISYPS-III, Diagnose ADHS: 0 PSA, 1 VT/M; Diagnose Störung des Sozialverhaltens: 1 PSA, 3 VT/M) und 1 von 19 jungen Erwachsenen zeigte externale Probleme (YSR/11-18R: 0 PSA, 1 VT/M). Restbeeinträchtigungen waren in den internalen Problemen beobachtbar (YSR/11-18R: 2 PSA, 6 VT/M). Trotz der kleinen Stichprobe legen die deskriptiven Ergebnisse nahe, dass junge Erwachsene, die in der Kindheit psychoanalytisch ohne Medikation behandelt wurden, auch 12 Jahre nach Behandlungsbeginn nicht schlechter als die jungen Erwachsenen im VT/M-Arm abschneiden.

Nach den Guidelines gilt die Verhaltenstherapie mit Medikation (VT/M) als präferierte Behandlung von Kindern mit der Diagnose ADHS. Mit der Frankfurter ADHS-Wirksamkeitsstudie, einer kontrollierten, prospektiven Interventionsstudie ohne Randomisierung, untersuchen wir, ob die psychoanalytische Behandlung ohne Medikation (PSA) ebenso effektiv ist wie die \"\"Standardbehandlung\" VT/M und nachhaltige Wirkungen hat. Ziel ist die deskriptive Darstellung der Stichprobe 12 Jahre nach Beginn der Behandlung. Von 54 Studienkindern mit der Diagnose ADHS und/oder Störung des Sozialverhaltens, die zuletzt an der 38-Monats-Katamnese teilnahmen (31 PSA, 23 VT/M; 10 weiblich, 44 männlich, Durchschnittsalter 8 Jahre) wurden zur 12-Jahres-Katamnese 19 erreicht und untersucht (10 PSA und 9 VT/M; 6 weiblich, 13 männlich, Durchschnittsalter 19 Jahre). Die Forschungsdiagnostik umfasste die Fragebögen des Diagnostik-Systems für Psychische Störungen für Kinder und Jugendliche (DISYPS-III), den Fragebogen für Jugendliche der Child-Behavior-Checklist (YSR/11-18R) und den Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (ILK). Von 19 jungen Erwachsenen erfüllten zur 12-Jahres-Katamnese nur 5 die Diagnosekriterien im Selbstbericht (DISYPS-III, Diagnose ADHS: 0 PSA, 1 VT/M; Diagnose Störung des Sozialverhaltens: 1 PSA, 3 VT/M) und 1 von 19 jungen Erwachsenen zeigte externale Probleme (YSR/11-18R: 0 PSA, 1 VT/M). Restbeeinträchtigungen waren in den internalen Problemen beobachtbar (YSR/11-18R: 2 PSA, 6 VT/M). Trotz der kleinen Stichprobe legen die deskriptiven Ergebnisse nahe, dass junge Erwachsene, die in der Kindheit psychoanalytisch ohne Medikation behandelt wurden, auch 12 Jahre nach Behandlungsbeginn nicht schlechter als die jungen Erwachsenen im VT/M-Arm abschneiden. (ZPID).

Background While early programs to prevent aggression and violence are widely used, only a few controlled trials of effectiveness of psychoanalytically based prevention programs for preschoolers have been evaluated. This study compares ‘Faustlos’ (a violence prevention program) and ‘Early Steps’ (a psychoanalytically based, whole daycare center intervention to prevent violence) in daycare centers in socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods. Methods/Design Preschoolers in 14 daycare centers in Frankfurt, Germany, participate in a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT). The daycare centers were randomly chosen from a representative baseline survey of all Frankfurt’s daycare centers carried out in 2003 ( n = 5,300) with the following stratifying factors: children’s aggressiveness, hyperactivity, anxiety and socioeconomic status. Additionally, the geographic identification of socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods regarding low-income children was taken from the Frankfurt Municipality Statistics. Children’s attachment classification and children’s aggressiveness, hyperactivity, anxiety and social competence are measured as outcome criteria before and after 2 years of intervention. The programs in the study aim to reach a high-risk population. Therefore, the combination of a random sampling of daycare centers out of a representative baseline survey in all daycare centers in Frankfurt and the application of official data on the local distribution of low-income children are unique features offered by the EVA study design. Data on preschooler’s attachment representations are collected in socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods for the first time. Trial registration DRKS-ID: DRKS00003500

This chapter provides an introduction on research on early prevention done at the Sigmund-Freud-Institut. It also provides an overview on the design, methods and results of the Frankfurt Prevention Study. The enlarged vestibular aqueducts (EVA) project is one of the larger projects concentrating on the evaluation of some different early prevention programmes in day-care centres with children coming from deprived neighbourhoods in Frankfurt am Main. Faustlos is a prevention curriculum which aims at the reduction of impulsive and aggressive behaviour and the increase of social emotional competence in children at preschool age. One further interest resulting from the distribution of attachment types is the connection between attachment and risk factors on the level of the single child. The children's attachment classification was measured by the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task which is one of the major instruments. The chapter concludes with the results of EVA and a perspective on ongoing research on risk factors and early prevention at the Sigmund-Freud-Institut.