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"Lake, Justin"
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Richer of Saint-Remi
Building upon, but also moving beyond, previous scholarship that has focused on Richer's political allegiances and his views of kingship, this study by Justin Lake provides the most comprehensive synthesis of the History, examining Richer's use and abuse of his sources, his relationship to Gerbert, and the motives that led him to write.
eBook
Richer of Saint-Remi: the methods and mentality of a tenth-century historian
The History written by Richer of Saint-Rémi (ca. 950-1000) is one of the only contemporary narrative sources for the history of France in the tenth century, a tumultuous period in which the Carolingian and Capetian dynasties fought for control of the throne while Viking raiders inflicted chaos upon the realm, and ambitious nobles expanded their own power at the expense of the monarchy. Besides describing the battles, betrayals and shifting allegiances that characterised tenth-century political culture, and providing accounts of the major ecclesiastical disputes of his day, Richer's history contains the only contemporary account of the life and career of Gerbert of Aurillac, the brilliant scholar and controversial prelate who served as master of the cathedral school of Rheims before being elected archbishop of Rheims, and later pope (as Sylvester II).Building upon, but also moving beyond, previous scholarship that has focused on Richer's political allegiances and his views of kingship, this study by Justin Lake provides the most comprehensive synthesis of the History, examining Richer's use and abuse of his sources, his relationship to Gerbert, and the motives that led him to write. Not only are Richer's principal written sources all extant, but so is his autograph manuscript, giving readers an unrivalled window into the working methods of a tenth-century historian. Lake situates Richer within the broader scholastic culture of the late tenth-century Latin West and explores the ways in which classical rhetoric, newly revived as a focus of instruction at Rheims by Gerbert, affected the way in which Richer wrote. In particular, he analyses his use of the classical rhetorical doctrine of plausible narrative (narratio probabilis) in reworking his source material, his composition of speeches and dramatic scenes, and the way in which he used his history as a means of self-fashioning and self-memorialisation.
eBook
Rethinking Fredegar’s Prologue
Contrary to what has often been assumed, the prologue to the Chronicle of Fredegar was a carefully thought-out and deliberate statement of purpose. Supposed misunderstandings of the Chronicle of Jerome in the prologue – in particular the difficult opening passage – have been misinterpreted by previous scholars. Rather than claiming to have translated the chronicles that he used as sources, Fredegar denied having done so. The chief purpose of the prologue was to establish that Fredegar had abridged, but otherwise not materially altered, his source texts. This in turn served to validate the interpolations that he made to those texts.
Contrairement à ce que l’on a souvent supposé, le prologue à la Chronique de Frédégaire est une déclaration d'intention délibérée et bien réfléchie. La plupart des historiens qui ont étudié son prologue ont cru que Frédégaire avait mal compris les passages de la chronique de Jérôme qu’il a reproduits ici; en fait, ne prétendant pas avoir traduit les chroniques qu’il a employées comme sources, il nie avoir procédé de cette façon. Le but principal de son prologue était d’établir qu’il a abrégé – mais pas autrement modifié – ses sources, ce qui a contribué à valider ses interpolations de ces textes.
Journal Article
Value Sets of Singular Plane Curve Germs and Analytic Equivalence of Points in the Monster Tower
The Monster Tower is a construction of ℙ1 bundles over the real or complex plane. It was shown previously that points in the Monster Tower can be coarsely stratified by RVT code words, which is equivalent to stratifying points via topological classes of singular plane curve germs. It was further shown that some points in the Monster Tower correspond to certain jets of singular plane curves or Legendrian curves. This work shows there are points in the Monster Tower that have finer invariants attached to them. These invariants are given by value sets of one-forms of singular analytic plane curve germs. The main result of this thesis gives a recursive formula for the generic value set attached to points in the Monster Tower that lie on the generic locus of an RVT code word with one critical block. Hence a new recursive formula is given for the generic value set of a singular plane curve germ with a single Puiseux pair (p; m). Also, some results are proved about the number of value sets possible of a certain topological class of plane curve germs. Finally, this work explores results pertaining to Legendrian curves in the first level of the Monster Tower, and aims to describe some of the discrete contact invariants of a contact class of Legendrian curve germs.
Dissertation
Hypotensive Patient Presenting With Abnormal Pre-hospital Ischemic Electrocardiogram: A Case of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosed by Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are widely utilized to identify a variety of emergent and life-threatening conditions and are routinely used in the pre-hospital setting. Early and accurate identification of cardiac conditions such as ischemia or arrhythmia can facilitate accurate and prompt medical management by the pre-hospital team and the emergency department providers. This case describes a 65-year-old male with a pre-hospital presentation of chest pressure and a syncopal event. A pre-hospital ECG was concerning for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but the patient was ultimately found to have an alternative diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) with an intraventricular thrombus identified on cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). ECGs and POCUS should be jointly utilized in the patient assessment to consider a broad differential diagnosis as there are alternative pathologies that can mimic STEMI-like ECG changes. Treatment of the underlying pulmonary emboli with thrombolytic therapy led to stabilization of this patient and ultimately led to the patient being discharged home from the hospital. At a four-month follow-up appointment, the patient remained on oral anticoagulation, and a routine echocardiogram demonstrated normal ventricular size and function.
Journal Article
Gerbert of Aurillac and the Study of Rhetoric in Tenth-Century Rheims
Gerbert of Aurillac (ca. 945-1003), who served as scholasticus of the cathedral school of Rheims from 972-980 and 984-989/991, is a seminal figure in the intellectual life of the tenth-century Latin West. Yet while his contributions to the study of the quadrivium have been examined in detail, his efforts to revive the study of classical rhetoric at Rheims have received less scrutiny. This paper brings together different strands of evidence - Gerbert’s letters and synodal acts, rhetorical manuscripts brought to Rheims or copied at his behest, the History of Richer of St. Rémi (an admirer, and possibly a student of Gerbert, whose work reflects his teachings), and the contemporary rhetorical treatise of Notker Labeo of St. Gall - to draw conclusions about the sources, methods, and aims of Gerbert’s instruction in rhetoric. The evidence indicates that the focuses of the rhetorical curriculum at Rheims under Gerbert - controversiae, status-theory, and the moral-philosophical applications of rhetoric articulated by Cicero - had both practical and moral aims that anticipated the concerns of the eleventhcentury commentary tradition on the De inventione and the Rhetorica ad Herennium.
Journal Article
Richer’s Prologue
Any attempt to understand the Historia must begin with two basic questions: Why did Richer choose to write history and how did he conceive of his task? The only place where he comments directly on both the contents of his work and his occasion for writing is the prologue, which makes this the logical place to begin looking for answers.¹ The prologue to the Historia must be evaluated carefully, however, for it poses a particular kind of interpretative challenge that characterizes the prologues of medieval histories as a genre. The problem is not that medieval historians are silent about their
Book Chapter
Rhetoric and the Historia
The previous chapters have examined Richer’s historical methodology and explored the theoretical foundations of his approach to writing history. His stylistic self-consciousness, comparative indifference to factual accuracy, and fanciful amplification of his sources are best explained as the result of a conscious decision to write history according to the rhetorical conventions of classical historiography. Like the classical and late antique historians whom he took as models, he employed the precepts for the composition of an oratorical narratio as guidelines for writing history. Latin rhetorical handbooks required that the narratio be rendered readily believable (probabilis) through the discovery (inventio) of material
Book Chapter
Rewriting History
At different points in the Historia Richer refers to each one of his four most important written sources: Flodoard’s Annals and HRE, and Gerbert’s Acta of the synods of Saint-Basle and Mouzon.¹ Because each one of these texts is extant, and because so much of the Historia is a reworking of them in one way or another, we are in a remarkably good position to understand the methods by which Richer excerpted and refashioned his written source material. The survival of Richer’s autograph manuscript is a further stroke of good luck. Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, MS Hist. 5, with its numerous corrections,
Book Chapter