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In this research, experimental and numerical studies of water waves in a wave tank are analyzed and how to find the optimum beach slope for numerical simulation is also investigated. First, with the aid of a wave tank (flap type), waves with different wave amplitudes are created in the laboratory, and data of generated waves are measured by different wave probes. Then, numerical simulations of the wave tank and waves with different wave amplitudes are performed in Ansys Fluent industrial software. The VOF method is used to model two-phase flow. The results of experimental and numerical simulations are compared and examined. Moreover, the effects of the beach slope on the simulation are analyzed and compared with the experimental results to obtain the best slope. The results show that the numerical simulation, by using the appropriate beach slope, can properly model the experimental results with a low CPU time. Additionally, the 1:5 beach slope is considered the best slope that can dampen the energy of the waves and prevent their reflection.

Radiative heat transfer in participating media at radiative equilibrium in two-dimensional complex geometries will be investigated using two Cartesian boundary treatments, i.e. the blocked-off method and the embedded boundary method. The main advantages of Cartesian formulation are to simplify grid generation and using efficient Cartesian solvers for complicated problems. Angular and spatial discretization of the radiative transfer equation are performed using the discrete ordinates method and the finite volume method, respectively. The accuracy of both methods in solution of radiative heat transfer problems in irregular geometries are verified by comparison with benchmark solutions from literatures. Then, in order to investigate all features of the blocked-off and embedded boundary methods, two radiative problems with complex enclosures that contain gray absorbing and emitting medium at radiative equilibrium are examined. The results obtained from the two methods are compared with each other as well as with results obtained by body-fitted grid system. It has been shown that for a medium at radiative equilibrium with Cartesian formulation, the embedded boundary method is the method of choice, especially for calculations near the complex boundaries. It should be noted that for optically thick media, both blocked-off and embedded boundary methods show poor performance.

This paper presents a numerical analysis of interaction between non-gray radiation and laminar forced convection flow in a duct with an expansion. Distributions of absorption coefficients across the spectrum (50 cm −1 < η < 20000 cm −1 ) are obtained from the HITRAN2008 database. The full spectrum k-distribution method (FSK) is used to deal with the non-gray part of the problem, while the gray radiation calculations are carried out using the Planck mean absorption coefficient. In addition, the results of non-gray medium are compared with the gray results in order to judge if the differences between these two approaches are significant enough to justify the usage of non-gray models. Results show that for air mixtures with different mole fractions of CO 2 and H 2 O, use of gray model for the radiative properties may leads to considerable errors and should be eschewed.

Carbon emissions must be cut in half by 2030 to meet the Paris Agreement’s goals, and cities and municipalities are at the forefront of the fight against climate change. In 2017, the energy use of buildings directly accounted for 51% of emissions in the City of Victoria and offered the greatest opportunity for the municipal government to act. Unfortunately, at this point, many cities and municipalities lack the tools and locally relevant data to make effective policy decisions. This research aims to develop a practical framework for analyzing and comparing the carbon impact of policies enacted by municipal governments, and is specifically focused on the energy consumption, and operating and embodied carbon related to single-family dwellings (SFDs) in the City of Victoria, which contains a heterogeneous building stock with construction dates ranging between 1860 to present day. The underlying model has been developed based on statistical modeling and agent-based behavioral responses to different policy actions. The agent-based modelling approach models stock development in terms of new construction, retrofit, and replacement by simulating individual decisions at the building level. The results can be used to identify optimal efforts to minimizing barriers or bottlenecks in achieving low-carbon ambitions while understanding or addressing related aspects such as housing affordability. Municipalities can use the dashboard to identify and prioritize climate solutions that meet their stringent obligations.

In this research, the coupling between non-gray radiation and separation convection flow in a duct is investigated numerically. Distributions of absorption coefficients across the spectrum are obtained from the HITRAN2008 database. The full-spectrum k-distribution method is used to deal with the non-gray part of the problem, while the gray radiation calculations are performed using the Planck mean absorption coefficient. To find the divergence of radiative heat flux distribution, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved by the discrete ordinates method (DOM). The effects of radiation-conduction parameter, scattering coefficient and wall emissivity on thermal behaviors are investigated for both gray and non-gray mediums. In addition, the results of gray medium are compared with non-gray results as a real case. The results show that in many cases, use of gray simulations is not acceptable and leads to significant errors, especially in non-scattering medium with high values of radiation-conduction parameter and wall emissivity.

Radiation is a major component of heat transfer in the modeling of furnaces. In this study, coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer problems are analyzed in complex geometries with inhomogeneous and anisotropic scattering participating media. A three-dimensional model is developed using combination of the discrete ordinates method and blocked-off-region procedure. The finite volume method has been adopted to solve the energy equation and the radiative source term in the energy equation is computed from intensities field. The accuracy of radiative conductive model is verified by comparison with benchmark solutions from the literature. As an example of engineering problems, radiative-conductive heat transfer in a furnace model with gray, inhomogeneous and anisotropic scattering media is numerically studied. The distributions of temperature and heat flux in the furnace are analyzed for different thermoradiative parameters such as conduction-radiation parameter, scattering albedo and anisotropic scattering coefficient. The numerical algorithm described is found to be fast and reliable for studying combined conductive and radiative heat transfer in three-dimensional irregular geometries.

Radiation is a major component of heat transfer in the modeling of furnaces. In this study, coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer problems are analyzed in complex geometries with inhomogeneous and anisotropic scattering participating media. A 3-D model is developed using combination of the discrete ordinates method and blocked-off-region procedure. The finite volume method has been adopted to solve the energy equation and the radiative source term in the energy equation is computed from intensities field. The accuracy of radiative conductive model is verified by comparison with benchmark solutions from the literature. As an example of engineering problems, radiative-conductive heat transfer in a furnace model with gray, inhomogeneous, and anisotropic scattering media is numerically studied. The distributions of temperature and heat flux in the furnace are analyzed for different thermoradiative parameters such as conduction-radiation parameter, scattering albedo, and anisotropic scattering coefficient. The numerical algorithm described is found to be fast and reliable for studying combined conductive and radiative heat transfer in 3-D irregular geometries.