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"Lavid, Julia"
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Corpora in translation and contrastive research in the digital age : recent advances and explorations
Corpus-based contrastive and translation research are areas that keep evolving in the digital age, as the range of new corpus resources and tools expands, opening up to different approaches and application contexts. The current book contains a selection of papers which focus on corpora and translation research in the digital age, outlining some recent advances and explorations. After an introductory chapter which outlines language technologies applied to translation and interpreting with a view to identifying challenges and research opportunities, the first part of the book is devoted to current advances in the creation of new parallel corpora for under-researched areas, the development of tools to manage parallel corpora or as an alternative to parallel corpora, and new methodologies to improve existing translation memory systems.The contributions in the second part of the book address a number of cutting-edge linguistic issues in the area of contrastive discourse studies and translation analysis on the basis of comparable and parallel corpora in several languages such as English, German, Swedish, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Turkish, thus showcasing the richness of the linguistic diversity carried out in these recent investigations. Given the multiplicity of topics, methodologies and languages studied in the different chapters, the book will be of interest to a wide audience working in the fields of translation studies, contrastive linguistics and the automatic processing of language.
eBook
Systemic Functional Grammar of Spanish
This book offers a systemic-functional account of Spanish, and analyses how Spanish grammatical forms compare and contrast with those of English. The authors analyse Spanish according to the three main 'metafunctions': ideational, interpersonal, and textual. The result is a comprehensive examination of Spanish grammar from the clause upwards. Presupposing little or no knowledge of Spanish, this book will be of interest to researchers in Spanish language, systemic functional linguistics or contrastive linguistics.
eBook
Functional perspectives on grammar and discourse, in honour of Angela Downing
This paper reports a corpus-based study which examined the uses of the modals and semi-modals which express meanings associated with prediction and volition (will, shall, be going to/gonna, want to/wanna, and be about to) in British, American and Australian English. Quantitative findings relating to regional and stylistic variation are presented, and consideration is given to the possible influence upon the relative popularity of modal uses of 'Americanization' and 'colloquialization'. It is suggested that these socially-driven dissemination processes provide possible explanations for, inter alia, the differing fortunes of the moribund shall on the one hand and on the other those of the popular semi-modals be going to/gonna and want to/wanna.
eBook
STANCE AND ENGAGEMENT IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH JOURNALISTIC TEXTS: TOWARDS A RELIABLE ANNOTATION SCHEME FOR LINGUISTIC AND COMPUTATIONAL PURPOSES
The paper describes the process of validating a reliable annotation scheme for the categories of Stance and Engagement in English and Spanish using a bilingual sample of English-Spanish journalistic texts extracted from the MULTINOT corpus (Lavid et al. 2015). The bilingual sample includes three different newspaper genres: news reports, editorials and letters to the editor. Following the generic annotation pipeline proposed by Hovy and Lavid (2010), the paper describes the different steps to validate an annotation scheme to capture the main features of Stance and Engagement and their realizations in English and Spanish. This includes the instantiation of the theoretical categories, the development of annotation guidelines and the performance of an inter-annotation agreement study on a small training corpus to measure the reliability of the proposed tags. The paper also describes the results of the annotation of a larger corpus using the validated scheme (Moratón 2015). This reveals interesting patterns of variation in the distribution of Stance and Engagement in the three newspaper genres, which can be fruitfully used for contrastive linguistic and computational purposes.
Journal Article
To the memory of John Sinclair, Professor of Modern English Language
The result of this massive effort was a corpus of amazing size for that age, some eight million words of contemporary English text (the Bank of English), and the production of the Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987, 2nd edition 1995, 3rd edition 2001, 4th edition 2003, 5th edition 2006), based on the study and analysis of the COBUILD corpus. (Posting at Sys-fling, 14/03/2007) Whoever is familiar with the Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary, an extraordinary piece of academic research, containing a phenomenal 56 million words of contemporary and written text, knows that it is an invaluable research tool that should be at every grammarians's right hand. Though John Sinclair gained his widest renown as a lexicographer, his expertise stretched far wider, based on his comprehensive knowledge of linguistics. [...]in 1975 he published, with Malcolm Coulthard, one of his greatest works, Towards the Analysis of Discourse, the first truly systematic account of a genre of spoken discourse. In this book, considered as his third masterwork, Sinclair argued that linguistics has relied very heavily on speculation and inadequate evidence, probably due to shortage of data, but that now that there are large quantities of data available -particularly written language in electronic form but also substantial quantities of spoken language- our theory and description should be re-examined \"to rebuild a picture of language and meaning which is not only consistent with the evidence but exploits it to the full\" (p.10).
Journal Article
Comparison and translation: towards a combined methodology for contrastive corpus studies
This paper describes a methodology which combines the use of original comparable texts and bidirectional translations for the contrastive study of linguistic phenomena. The methodology is based on the following procedures: (1) analysis of the preferred linguistic choices in original comparable texts; (2) analysis of the preferred linguistic choices in original texts and comparison with those occurring in translations; (3) analysis of the translation strategies used in both directions of the translation process. As an illustration of the proposed methodology, thematic head choices in English and Spanish are analysed contrastively using original and translated texts from three different written genres. The paper discusses the advantages and the limitations of using original and translated texts and advocates a combined use of both types of data to enrich contrastive functional descriptions. KEYWORDS: methodology, corpus analysis, English-Spanish contrast, translation, thematisation, written genres El presente trabajo describe una metodologia que combina el uso de textos originales y de traducciones en ambos sentidos para el estudio contrastivo de los fenomenos linguisticos. La metodologia se basa en los siguientes procedimientos: (1) analisis de las opciones mas frecuentes en textos originales; (2) analisis de las opciones mas frecuentes en textos originales y en traducciones; (3) analisis de las estrategias de traduccion utilizadas en ambos sentidos. Como ilustracion de la metodologia propuesta, se comparan las selecciones tematicas mas frecuentes en tres tipos de generos escritos en ingles y en espanol utilizando tanto textos originales como traducciones en ambos sentidos. A la luz de los resultados del analisis, se discuten las ventajas y las limitaciones del uso de ambos tipos de textos para el analisis contrastivo, y se propone un uso combinado que contribuya a enriquecer las descripciones contrastivas. PALABRAS CLAVE: metodologia, analisis mediante corpus, contrastes Ingles-Espanol, traduccion, tematizacion, generos escritos
Journal Article
A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO THE THEORY OF DISCOURSE STRUCTURE: ADVANCES IN TEXT PLANNING
The aim of this paper is to introduce to the linguistic community some preliminary findings in the area of text planning which I hope will serve to lay the foundations of a computational theory of discourse structure. The current text planner, an ongoing research project, presents in a declarative way some of the linguistic resources necessary to generate coherent discourse, including communicative goals, text types, schemas, discourse structure relations, and theme selection patterns. This knowledge is encoded as separate resources which are activated by a flexible planning process that accesses appropriate information from its different linguistic resources and gradually constructs a discourse structure tree. The paper decribes the resources which have been successfully identified and represented to date, and the planning mechanism that activates them.
Journal Article