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ObjectivesTo investigate the feasibility of establishing hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes comprising action-planning, educational interventions and data feedback in two provincial-level hospitals in Viet Nam.Design and settingThis was an implementation research using participatory action process and existing resources from the Duke Antimicrobial Stewardship Outreach Network with local adjustments. A national stakeholder meeting and Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis were conducted to identify gaps and potential interventions.ParticipantsHospital AMS staff implemented activities throughout the study phases. Routinely collected patient data were analysed to support planning, implementation and evaluation.InterventionsHospitals were considered as a complex adaptive system and leveraged their unique characteristics and interconnections to develop 1-year plans containing core interventions (data use, educational training, prospective audit with feedback (PAF) and evaluations).Outcome measuresWe assessed feasibility using outputs from stakeholder meeting, SWOT analysis, baseline data, planning process and implementation.ResultsThe stakeholder meeting identified three gaps for AMS at national level: supportive policies, AMS training and core competencies and collaboration. At the hospitals, AMS programmes took 1 year for planning due to lack of hospital-specific procedures and relevant staff competencies. Baseline data (January–December 2019) showed variations in antibiotic consumption: 951 days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 days present in the control and 496 in the intervention wards in hospital 1, and 737 and 714 in hospital 2, respectively. During 1-year implementation, clinical pharmacists audited 1890 antibiotic prescriptions in hospital 1 (June 2020–May 2021) and 1628 in hospital 2 (July 2020–July 2021), and will continue PAF in their daily work.ConclusionOur data confirmed the need to contextualise AMS programmes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and demonstrated the usefulness of implementation research design in assessing programme feasibility. Developing staff competencies, using local data to stimulate actions and integrating programme activities in routine hospital work are key to success in LMICs.

In order to develop tourism, it is impossible not to be attached to the environment, including the social-cultural and natural environment. Although identified as an important economic sector, making a great contribution to the economy, the high-speed development of the tourism industry is also creating great pressure on the environment, especially on the country’s tourist destinations. If the cultural environment guarantees civilized tourism, then the natural environment is the basis for the sustainable development of tourism. Therefore, environmental protection is being posed as a vital issue in tourism today. If you do not immediately take measures to minimize plastic waste and preserve the landscape and environment, it is likely that tourists will turn their backs on Vietnamese destinations. The article mentions a few effective solutions to develop tourism in general and tourism in Vietnam in the most effective way.

In addition to the hot weather with an extremely high UV index, the air quality in some big cities of Vietnam also alarming. Air pollution will have a large impact on urban development and, above all, people’s health. The results of air pollution monitoring over the past time in Ho Chi Minh City in some locations show that dust pollution and fine dust concentration (PM2.5) in the air of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Ho Chi Minh City are still high and at an alarming level. This is a problem of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and a matter of concern in other countries, especially Asian countries. A few years ago, this issue was mentioned, but now it still causes frustration. The article discusses the factors that affect the air quality, and for that reason the people of the city in particular and this study must take this issue seriously and need to have effective measures.

Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions from production activities are making it more difficult for Vietnam to approach the millennium goal. In order to ensure economic development in a sustainable environment, the development trend of green energy in the world which includes offshore wind power is considered a breakthrough solution. With a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions, climate change is making it difficult for Vietnam to approach the millennium goal of ensuring economic development in a sustainable environment. The breakthrough solution now is the development trend of green energy, including offshore wind power. This article discusses the benefits that this energy source brings and suggests some effective solutions.

Environmental protection agencies have begun imposing stringent regulations on the existing refineries to control the levels of gasoline additives. In this context, a novel compound, 2‐methoxy‐2‐methylheptane (MMH), had drawn attention as fuel additive for cleaner combustion. The conventional process of MMH production features three distillation columns in a direct sequence. These columns are used to maintain the required product purities and to utilize the unreacted reactants through recycling streams. The distillation system of the existing MMH plant can afford significant energy savings, leading to a reduction in the total annual costs (TAC). The aim of this investigation is to demonstrate that the reported conventional process can be significantly enhanced by modifying the design and operational parameters and by replacing two distillation columns with an intensified dividing wall column (DWC) configuration. The DWC design is further optimized using several algorithms such as the modified coordinate method (MCD), robust particle swarm paradigm (PSP), and firefly (FF) with nonlinear constraints. Compared to conventional process, the optimized DWC resulted in 24% and 11.5% savings in the plant operating and total annual costs, respectively. The conventional process of MMH production features three distillation columns in a direct sequence. The aim of this investigation is to demonstrate that the reported conventional process can be significantly enhanced by modifying the design and operational parameters and by replacing two distillation columns with an intensified dividing wall column (DWC) configuration.

Exploring the ocean has always been one of the foremost challenges for humankind, and fish classification is one of the crucial tasks in this endeavor. Manual fish classification methods, although accurate, consume significant time, money, and effort, while computer-based methods such as image processing and traditional machine learning often fall short of achieving high accuracy. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks have demonstrated their capability to ensure both time efficiency and accuracy in this task. However, deep convolutional networks typically have a large number of parameters, requiring substantial training time, and the convolutional operations lack attentional mechanisms. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the AttentionConvMixer neural network with Priority Channel Attention (PCA) and Priority Spatial Attention (PSA). The proposed approach exhibits good performance across all three fish classification datasets without introducing any additional parameters, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed method.

The study aims to reveal the possibility of reactive distillation (RD) in the 2-methoxy-2-methylheptane (MMH) production process. MMH is getting more industrial and academic interests as a gasoline additive to replace methyl tert-butyl ether. Traditionally, MMH is obtained by carrying out the reaction in the reactor followed by three distillation columns. The high yield of MMH could be achieved by keeping the large reactor size or by using the large excess of 2-methyl-1-heptene (MH). Both former and latter strategies are associated with the high capital and operating costs. To solve these problems, this study proposed an innovative RD configuration to take synergistic benefits of reaction and separation involved. This innovative RD configuration allows the production of MMH with significantly lower capital, operating and total annual costs. For desired MMH yield, the result demonstrates that the proposed RD configuration can reduce energy, capital, and total annual costs up to 7.7, 31.3, and 17.1%, respectively, compared to a conventional process. Furthermore, the influence of some important design parameters on the RD column performance was also explored to overcome the temperature limitation of acid resin catalyst inside the reactive zone of the RD column.

dbVar houses over 3 million submitted structural variants (SSV) from 120 human studies including copy number variations (CNV), insertions, deletions, inversions, translocations, and complex chromosomal rearrangements. Users can submit multiple SSVs to dbVAR  that are presumably identical, but were ascertained by different platforms and samples,  to calculate whether the variant is rare or common in the population and allow for cross validation. However, because SSV genomic location reporting can vary - including fuzzy locations where the start and/or end points are not precisely known - analysis, comparison, annotation, and reporting of SSVs across studies can be difficult. This project was initiated by the Structural Variant Comparison Group for the purpose of generating a non-redundant set of genomic regions defined by counts of concordance for all human SSVs placed on RefSeq assembly GRCh38 (RefSeq accession GCF_000001405.26). We intend that the availability of these regions, called structural variant clusters (SVCs), will facilitate the analysis, annotation, and exchange of SV data and allow for simplified display in genomic sequence viewers for improved variant interpretation. Sets of SVCs were generated by variant type for each of the 120 studies as well as for a combined set across all studies. Starting from 3.64 million SSVs, 2.5 million and 3.4 million non-redundant SVCs with count >=1 were generated by variant type for each study and across all studies, respectively. In addition, we have developed utilities for annotating, searching, and filtering SVC data in GVF format for computing summary statistics, exporting data for genomic viewers, and annotating the SVC using external data sources.

ObjectiveBlood culture (BC) sampling is recommended for all suspected sepsis patients prior to antibiotic administration. We examine barriers and enablers to BC sampling in three Southeast Asian countries.DesignA Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)-based survey, comprising a case scenario of a patient presenting with community-acquired sepsis and all 14 TDF domains of barriers/enablers to BC sampling.SettingHospitals in Indonesia, Thailand and Viet Nam, December 2021 to 30 April 2022.Participants1070 medical doctors and 238 final-year medical students were participated in this study. Half of the respondents were women (n=680, 52%) and most worked in governmental hospitals (n=980, 75.4%).Outcome measuresBarriers and enablers to BC sampling.ResultsThe proportion of respondents who answered that they would definitely take BC in the case scenario was highest at 89.8% (273/304) in Thailand, followed by 50.5% (252/499) in Viet Nam and 31.3% (157/501) in Indonesia (p<0.001). Barriers/enablers in nine TDF domains were considered key in influencing BC sampling, including ‘priority of BC (TDF-goals)’, ‘perception about their role to order or initiate an order for BC (TDF-social professional role and identity)’, ‘perception that BC is helpful (TDF-beliefs about consequences)’, ‘intention to follow guidelines (TDF-intention)’, ‘awareness of guidelines (TDF-knowledge)’, ‘norms of BC sampling (TDF-social influence)’, ‘consequences that discourage BC sampling (TDF-reinforcement)’, ‘perceived cost-effectiveness of BC (TDF-environmental context and resources)’ and ‘regulation on cost reimbursement (TDF-behavioural regulation)’. There was substantial heterogeneity between the countries. In most domains, the lower (higher) proportion of Thai respondents experienced the barriers (enablers) compared with that of Indonesian and Vietnamese respondents. A range of suggested intervention types and policy options was identified.ConclusionsBarriers and enablers to BC sampling are varied and heterogenous. Cost-related barriers are more common in more resource-limited countries, while many barriers are not directly related to cost. Context-specific multifaceted interventions at both hospital and policy levels are required to improve diagnostic stewardship practices.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to incorporate risk in technical efficiency of ASEAN banks in a panel data framework for the period 2000 to 2015.Design/methodology/approachThe directional distance function and semi-parametric framework are employed to estimate efficiency scores for two scenarios, one with only good outputs and the other with a combination of good and bad outputs.FindingsThe findings show there is no evidence of technological progress for banks in ASEAN and concerns about the outperformance of Vietnam’s banks. In addition, performance of Vietnam’s banks tends to be distorted by low level of loan loss reserves.Practical implicationsTo reflect the true performance and shorten the period of removing bad assets, the State Bank of Vietnam can request banks in Vietnam to book more loan loss reserves.Originality/valueBy examining such a new approach, this study makes an early attempt to incorporate credit risk into the banking efficiency in ASEAN region.