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"Le, Tram"
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Vietnamese stories for language learners : traditional folktales in Vietnamese and English
\"Intended for Vietnamese language students or heritage learners, the stories in this volume present the everyday vocabulary and grammar in use in Vietnam today. Forty folk stories have been edited and simplified for learning purposes and are presented in parallel Vietnamese and English versions to facilitate language learning\"--Publisher marketing.
Book
Rotational disruption of dust grains by radiative torques in strong radiation fields
Massive stars, supernovae, and kilonovae are among the most luminous radiation sources in the Universe. Observations usually show near- to mid-infrared (NIR–MIR, λ ≈ 1–5 μm) emission excess from H ii regions around young massive star clusters. Early-phase observations in optical-to-NIR wavelengths of type Ia supernovae also reveal unusual properties of dust extinction and dust polarization. The most common explanation for such NIR−MIR excess and unusual dust properties is the predominance of small grains (size a ≲ 0.05 μm) relative to large grains (a ≳ 0.1 μm) in the local environment of these strong radiation sources. However, why small grains might be predominant in these environments is unclear. Here we report a mechanism of dust destruction based on centrifugal stress within extremely fast-rotating grains spun-up by radiative torques, which we term radiative torque disruption (RATD). We find that RATD can disrupt large grains located within a distance of about a parsec from a massive star of luminosity L ≈ 104L⊙, where L⊙ is the solar luminosity, or from a supernova. This disruption effect increases the abundance of small grains relative to large grains and successfully reproduces the observed NIR−MIR excess and anomalous dust extinction/polarization. We apply the RATD mechanism for kilonovae and find that dust within about 0.1 parsec would be dominated by small grains. Small grains produced by RATD can also explain the steep far-ultraviolet rise in extinction curves towards starburst and high-redshift galaxies, and the decrease of the escape fraction of Lyman α photons from H ii regions surrounding young massive star clusters.A predominance of small grains (tens of nanometres in size) over larger grains and the corresponding near- to mid-infrared excess radiation from H ii regions around massive stars and supernovae has been difficult to explain. Hoang et al. propose a radiative torque disruption method for large dust grains that fits with the observational constraints.
Journal Article
Corporate governance and firm performance: A comparative analysis between listed family and non-family firms in Japan
This study aims to explore the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance of publicly listed family and non-family firms in the Japanese manufacturing industry. The study obtains data from Bloomberg over the period 2014-2018 and covers 1412 firms comprising of 861 non-family and 551 family firms. Our results show that family firms outperform non-family counterparts in terms of return on assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q when a univariate analysis is invoked. On multivariate analysis, family firms show superior performance to non-family firms with Tobin's Q. However, family ownership negates firm performance when ROA is taken into account. Regarding the impact of governance elements on Tobin's Q, institutional shareholding appears to be a significant and positive factor for promoting the performance of both family and non-family firms. Furthermore, board size encourages the performance of non-family firms, while such influence is not observed for family firms. In terms of ROA, foreign ownership inspires the performance of both family and non-family firms. Moreover, government ownership stimulates the performance of family firms, while board independence significantly negates the same. Besides, we find that the performance of family firms run by the founder's descendants is superior to that of family firms run by the founder. These findings have critical policy implications for family firms in Japan.
Journal Article
Comparative genomics of Acinetobacter baumannii and therapeutic bacteriophages from a patient undergoing phage therapy
In 2016, a 68-year-old patient with a disseminated multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
infection was successfully treated using lytic bacteriophages. Here we report the genomes of the nine phages used for treatment and three strains of
A. baumannii
isolated prior to and during treatment. The phages used in the initial treatment are related, T4-like myophages. Analysis of 19
A. baumannii
isolates collected before and during phage treatment shows that resistance to the T4-like phages appeared two days following the start of treatment. We generate complete genomic sequences for three
A. baumannii
strains (TP1, TP2 and TP3) collected before and during treatment, supporting a clonal relationship. Furthermore, we use strain TP1 to select for increased resistance to five of the phages in vitro, and identify mutations that are also found in phage-insensitive isolates TP2 and TP3 (which evolved in vivo during phage treatment). These results support that in vitro investigations can produce results that are relevant to the in vivo environment.
A patient with a multidrug-resistant bacterial infection was successfully treated in 2016 using phage therapy. Here, the authors sequence the genomes of the therapeutic phages and three bacterial strains isolated before and during treatment, and show that the same mutations conferring phage resistance are found in in vitro-generated mutants and in phage-insensitive strains isolated from the patient.
Journal Article
A case report of unsuccessful enzyme replacement therapy in perinatal hypophosphatasia: impact of comorbid tetralogy of Fallot, prematurity, and novel variants
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inborn error of metabolism characterized by defective bone mineralization due to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) deficiency encoded by the gene
ALPL
(Orphanet J Rare Dis 2:40, 2007), (Am J Med 22:730-746, 1957). The current treatment for HPP is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) to improve bone mineralization (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:334-342, 2016), (N Engl J Med 366:904-913, 2012). However, severe perinatal forms of HPP is lethal in non-responders. We report a male infant with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and perinatal HPP who exhibited progressive skeletal demineralization despite ERT. Initial chest X-ray findings were unremarkable; however, subsequent skeletal surveys demonstrated diffuse demineralization, metaphyseal fraying, and absent thoracic mineralization, correlating with poor clinical outcomes. Genetic analysis confirmed HPP diagnosis with one heterozygous variant of c.891C > G (p.Tyr297Ter) and one heterozygous partial
ALPL
deletion. Our patient was started on ERT and maintained on the highest dose throughout his lifetime of 7 months without clinical and radiographic improvement. This case presents a lethal form of perinatal HPP resulting from compound heterozygosity, including a novel pathogenic
ALPL
variant, contributing new insights into genetic counseling and diagnostic evaluation. It also underscores the importance of recognizing multifactorial determinants of ERT failure, such as the complex interplay of comorbidities, including extreme prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and congenital heart disease (tetralogy of Fallot), and the need for early multidisciplinary evaluation and individualized prognostication in neonates with perinatal HPP and complex comorbidities.
Journal Article
Low CDX2 expression and its clinicopathological associations in colorectal adenocarcinoma: prognostic insights from a retrospective cross-sectional study in Vietnam
Background
CDX2, an intestine-specific transcription factor, is essential for colorectal epithelial differentiation and has been widely studied as a biomarker in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC). However, most previous studies applied a binary evaluation (positive/negative), which may underestimate its clinical significance.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 356 surgically resected CRC cases at the University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City. CDX2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using an immunoreactivity score (IRS) that combined staining ratio and intensity. Associations between CDX2 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression tests.
Results
High CDX2 expression was observed in 88.8% of tumors, whereas 11.2% showed low expression. Low CDX2 was significantly associated with poor histological differentiation (OR = 3.79; 95% CI: 1.11–12.93;
p
= 0.033) and advanced local stage pT4a–pT4b compared with pT1–pT3 (OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.47–5.58;
p
= 0.002). No significant associations were found with patient age or sex. The combined scoring system allowed clearer discrimination between biologically distinct subgroups than the traditional binary method.
Conclusions
Low CDX2 expression is linked to aggressive pathological features and advanced tumor stage in CRC, highlighting its clinicopathological associations. Semi-quantitative evaluation of CDX2 using both staining ratio and intensity provides a more informative assessment that may aid risk stratification and guide clinical decision-making in CRC patients.
Highlights
• A large cross-sectional analysis of 356 Vietnamese colorectal adenocarcinomas.
• CDX2 assessed by combined staining ratio and intensity rather than binary classification.
• Low CDX2 significantly associated with poor differentiation and pT4 stage.
• The combined scoring method improves clinicopathological stratification.
• Findings support the clinicopathological relevance and potential clinical utility of CDX2.
Journal Article
The Cardiac Neural Crest Cells in Heart Development and Congenital Heart Defects
The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent and temporarily migratory cell population stemming from the dorsal neural tube during vertebrate embryogenesis. Cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs), a specified subpopulation of the NC, are vital for normal cardiovascular development, as they significantly contribute to the pharyngeal arch arteries, the developing cardiac outflow tract (OFT), cardiac valves, and interventricular septum. Various signaling pathways are shown to orchestrate the proper migration, compaction, and differentiation of cardiac NCCs during cardiovascular development. Any loss or dysregulation of signaling pathways in cardiac NCCs can lead to abnormal cardiovascular development during embryogenesis, resulting in abnormalities categorized as congenital heart defects (CHDs). This review focuses on the contributions of cardiac NCCs to cardiovascular formation, discusses cardiac defects caused by a disruption of various regulatory factors, and summarizes the role of multiple signaling pathways during embryonic development. A better understanding of the cardiac NC and its vast regulatory network will provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms of the associated abnormalities, leading to potential therapeutic advancements.
Journal Article
Micropropagation of Jasminanthes tuyetanhiae: an endemic and valuable herb in Vietnam
Jasminanthes tuyetanhiae is one of the precious herbs and good for human health, discovered in the Da-Bia Mountain (Phu Yen province, Vietnam). The identification of the CTW species (species believed to be J. tuyetanhiae collected in 2019) by molecular indicators showed that this species belongs to the Apocynaceae family. High similarity (98.2%) in the ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2 gene sequence of CTW when compared on Genbank with J. tuyetanhiae and genetic distance difference (1.3%) - in the limit of difference of the same taxon considered on matK sequence shows that CTW is likely to belong to this species. Surface sterilization of ex vitro explants with HgCl2 (0.1%) for 3 min gave the highest sterilization efficiency compared to the remaining treatments with the induction explant rate of 93.33%. BA (0.5 mg l−1) is the most optimal for effective in vitro shoot multiplication in this species. Adding IBA to culture media at the appropriate concentration (0.5 mg l−1) increased rooting ability, shortened rooting time (13 days) and increased root length (6.53 mm). The ventilation culture system improves rooting efficiency, stimulates growth and induces secondary root formation—which is a suitable system for in vitro propagation of the Jasminanthes tuyetanhiae in this study.Key messageJasminanthes tuyetanhiae is one of the precious herbs and good for human health, discovered in the Da Bia mountain of Phu Yen province. High similarity (98.2%) in the ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2 gene sequence of CTW when compared on Genbank with Jaminanthes tuyetanhiae. In vitro propagation is an effective method for the conservation and development of the Jaminanthes tuyetanhiae plantlets on a commercial scale.
Journal Article
Biophysical and physiological processes causing oxygen loss from coral reefs
The microbialization of coral reefs predicts that microbial oxygen consumption will cause reef deoxygenation. Here we tested this hypothesis by analyzing reef microbial and primary producer oxygen metabolisms. Metagenomic data and in vitro incubations of bacteria with primary producer exudates showed that fleshy algae stimulate incomplete carbon oxidation metabolisms in heterotrophic bacteria. These metabolisms lead to increased cell sizes and abundances, resulting in bacteria consuming 10 times more oxygen than in coral incubations. Experiments probing the dissolved and gaseous oxygen with primary producers and bacteria together indicated the loss of oxygen through ebullition caused by heterogenous nucleation on algae surfaces. A model incorporating experimental production and loss rates predicted that microbes and ebullition can cause the loss of up to 67% of gross benthic oxygen production. This study indicates that microbial respiration and ebullition are increasingly relevant to reef deoxygenation as reefs become dominated by fleshy algae.
Journal Article
Hippo-Yap Pathway Orchestrates Neural Crest Ontogenesis
Neural crest (NC) cells are a migratory stem cell population in vertebrate embryogenesis that can give rise to multiple cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, neurons, glia, and melanocytes, greatly contributing to the development of different tissues and organs. Defects in NC development are implicated in many human diseases, such as numerous syndromes, craniofacial aberration and congenital heart defects. Research on NC development has gained intense interest and made significant progress. Recent studies showed that the Hippo-Yap pathway, a conserved fundamental pathway with key roles in regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, is indispensable for normal NC development. However, the roles and mechanisms of the Hippo-Yap pathway in NC development remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the key functions of the Hippo-Yap pathway indicated in NC induction, migration, proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as the diseases caused by its dysfunction in NC cells. We also discuss emerging current and future studies in the investigation of the Hippo-Yap pathway in NC development.
Journal Article