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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the esthetic perception of patients at 6 months after bleaching of non-vital teeth with 35% of hydrogen peroxide and 37% of carbamide peroxide using a walking bleach technique. We also assessed psychosocial impacts as well as the clinical effectiveness and stability of the color change.Materials and methodsThe teeth bleaching treatment was randomly assigned to two groups according to the bleaching agent used: G1 HP = 35% of hydrogen peroxide (n = 25) and G2 CP = 37% of carbamide peroxide (n = 25). The non-vital bleaching was performed in four sessions using the walking bleach technique. The color was objectively (ΔE) and subjectively (ΔSGU) evaluated. The esthetic perception and psychosocial factors were evaluated before treatment as well as one and 6 months post-treatment using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) esthetics and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ).ResultsThe color change (ΔE) at 6 months (G1 = 14.53 ± 5.07 and G2 = 14.09 ± 6.61) for both color groups remained stable until the 6-month post-treatment (p > 0.05). There was a decrease in the values of OHIP esthetics and PIDAQ after treatment compared to the baseline (p < 0.05), and this effect was maintained 6 months post-treatment.ConclusionsBoth agents were highly effective and maintained the color stability at 6 months; this positively affected the esthetic perception and psychosocial impact of patients who also remained stable over time.Clinical relevanceNon-vital bleaching produces a positive and stable impact on the esthetic perception and psychosocial factors at medium-term follow-ups.

Objectives This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two non vital whitening techniques, In-office and Walking Bleach, using 35% hydrogen peroxide. The primary research question was to determine which technique achieves greater tooth color improvement. Materials and methods Fifty non-vital anterior teeth with discoloration were randomly assigned to either the In-office ( n  = 25) or Walking Bleach ( n  = 25) groups. Tooth color was measured using a Vita EasyShade V ® spectrophotometer and visual scales (Vita Classical and Bleachguide) before treatment, after each bleaching session, and at a one-month follow-up. ΔE00, Whiteness Index (WID), and Shade Guide Unit (ΔSGU) values were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results Both techniques improved tooth color, with final ΔE00 values of 10.08 for In-office and 8.12 for Walking Bleach. WID values were significantly higher in the In-office group, indicating greater whitening efficacy. Significant differences favoring the In-office method were seen after the first bleaching ( p  = 0.0337), and one-month follow-up ( p  = 0.0327). Conclusions Both the In-office and Walking Bleach techniques effectively improve the color of non-vital teeth, with the In-office method showing slight advantages at certain times. Clinicians can choose either technique based on safety, patient needs, and clinical context to achieve optimal results. Clinical relevance This study provides evidence that both bleaching techniques are viable options for non-vital teeth whitening. The findings help clinicians choose the most appropriate technique based on biological safety and patient needs and desired outcomes, with the In-office technique being preferable for faster results.

Aging increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) and its adverse outcomes, but most studies are based on secondary analyses, and few are in Hispanics. Diabetes is a risk factor for TB in adults, but its contribution in the elderly is unknown. We aimed to identify the role of diabetes and other risk factors for TB in elderly Hispanics. Cross-sectional study among newly-diagnosed TB patients, recent contacts (ReC), or community controls (CoC) totaling 646 participants, including 183 elderly (>60 years; 43 TB, 80 ReC, 60 CoC) and 463 adults (18 to 50 years; 80 TB, 301 ReC and 82 CoC). Host characteristics associated with TB and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) were identified in the elderly by univariable and confirmed by multivariable logistic regression. LTBI was more prevalent among the elderly CoC (55% vs. 23.2% in adults; p<0.001), but not in ReC (elderly 71.3% vs. adult 63.8%); p = 0.213). Risk factors for TB in the elderly included male sex (adj-OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.76, 10.65), smoking (adj-OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.01, 6.45) and low BMI (adj-OR 12.34, 95% CI 4.44, 34.33). Unexpectedly, type 2 diabetes was not associated with TB despite its high prevalence (adj-OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.06, 2.38), and BCG vaccination at birth was protective (adj-OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.06, 0.45). We report novel distinctions in TB risk factors in the elderly vs. adults, notably in diabetes and BCG vaccination at birth. Further studies are warranted to address disparities in this vulnerable, understudied population.

β-dystroglycan (β-DG) assembles with lamins A/C and B1 and emerin at the nuclear envelope (NE) to maintain proper nuclear architecture and function. To provide insight into the nuclear function of β-DG, we characterized the interaction between β-DG and emerin at the molecular level. Emerin is a major NE protein that regulates multiple nuclear processes and whose deficiency results in Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Using truncated variants of β-DG and emerin, via a series of in vitro and in vivo binding experiments and a tailored computational analysis, we determined that the β-DG–emerin interaction is mediated at least in part by their respective transmembrane domains (TM). Using surface plasmon resonance assays we showed that emerin binds to β-DG with high affinity (KD in the nanomolar range). Remarkably, the analysis of cells in which DG was knocked out demonstrated that loss of β-DG resulted in a decreased emerin stability and impairment of emerin-mediated processes. β-DG and emerin are reciprocally required for their optimal targeting within the NE, as shown by immunofluorescence, western blotting and immunoprecipitation assays using emerin variants with mutations in the TM domain and B-lymphocytes of a patient with EDMD. In summary, we demonstrated that β-DG plays a role as an emerin interacting partner modulating its stability and function.

Aging is a complex phenomenon and obvious, old age in Mexico is compared to disability, vulnerability, complexity and discrimination in our country's life expectancy is not very long compared to other countries. \"Diet is the most important to delay or accelerate the aging process component.\" Aim. Determine differences in eating patterns and physical activity in older adults in El Carpio Córdoba, Spain and Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional comparative study in 156 elderly residents of El Carpio Córdoba Spain and Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico 156 was performed. Results. The results suggest that differences in life expectancy at birth, feeding, toxic habits and sporting aspects. The differences in patterns of diet and physical activity detected in this study in adults over. Conclusion. The Carpio Córdoba, Spain and Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico could have transcendent meaning in the movement of life expectancy at birth, it represents in Mexico a possibility for feeding programs and physical activity for older people in order to support them in style and quality of life when young people built a legacy of experience and deserve to live longer and with better quality of life. In Spain Carpio live longer, have a higher consumption of toxic habits and do more sports activities in Guadalajara Mexico.