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"Lee, Hyunjung"
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Performing the nation in global Korea : transnational theatre
By illuminating the complex interconnections between the performing body and individual and collective identities, this book reveals contemporary South Korean performance as social and political practice through the workings of theatre-making within a wide range of historical, national, and transnational contexts. The selected theatre productions: \"The Last Empress the Musical\", \"Nanta\", \"Seoul Line 1\", Korean Shakespeare plays, and The Korean National Ballet Company's \"Prince Hodong\" -- illustrate how various performances of the Korean-ness conspire with, contradict, and negotiate Korean cultural nationalism as well as disparate entities of Western cultural hegemony. Hyunjung Lee extrapolates how the debates on the cultural status of South Korea, along with the incessant task of representing the nation, have been already and always embedded within the questions of what the country's national identity should be and, thus, what it should look like.
Book
Validation of the mean radiant temperature simulated by the RayMan software in urban environments
The RayMan software is worldwide applied in investigations on different issues in human-biometeorology. However, only the simulated mean radiant temperature (
T
mrt
) has been validated so far in a few case studies. They are based on
T
mrt
values, which were experimentally determined in urban environments by use of a globe thermometer or applying the six-directional method. This study analyses previous
T
mrt
validations in a comparative manner. Their results are extended by a recent validation of
T
mrt
in an urban micro-environment in Freiburg (southwest Germany), which can be regarded as relatively heterogeneous due to different shading intensities by tree crowns. In addition, a validation of the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) simulated by RayMan is conducted for the first time. The validations are based on experimentally determined
T
mrt
and PET values, which were calculated from measured meteorological variables in the daytime of a clear-sky summer day. In total, the validation results show that RayMan is capable of simulating
T
mrt
satisfactorily under relatively homogeneous site conditions. However, the inaccuracy of simulated
T
mrt
is increasing with lower sun elevation and growing heterogeneity of the simulation site. As
T
mrt
represents the meteorological variable that mostly governs PET in the daytime of clear-sky summer days, the accuracy of simulated
T
mrt
is mainly responsible for the accuracy of simulated PET. The
T
mrt
validations result in some recommendations, which concern an update of physical principles applied in the RayMan software to simulate the short- and long-wave radiant flux densities, especially from vertical building walls and tree crowns.
Journal Article
Thermal comfort of pedestrians in an urban street canyon is affected by increasing albedo of building walls
Numerical simulations based on the ENVI-met model were carried out for an E-W street canyon in the city of Stuttgart (Southwest Germany) to analyse the effect of increased albedo of building walls on outdoor human thermal comfort. It was quantified by air temperature (Ta), mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) and physiologically equivalent temperature (PET). The simulations were conducted on 4 August 2003 as a heat wave day that represents a typical scenario for future summer weather in Central Europe. The simulation results presented for 13 CET and averaged over the period 10–16 CET are focused on pedestrians on both sidewalks. For the initial situation, i.e. albedo of 0.2, human heat stress indicated by mean PET is by 26% lower on the N-facing than on the S-facing sidewalk, while this reduction amounts to 42% for mean Tmrt. Mean Ta does not show any spatial differentiation. The systematic albedo increment by 0.2 from 0.2 to 0.8 leads to a linear increase of outdoor human heat stress in terms of Tmrt and PET. For both variables, this increase is more pronounced on the N-facing than on the S-facing sidewalk. Mean relative Ta shows the tendency of a minimal increase with rising albedo. The results were achieved for the usual standardised human-biometeorological reference person. Its substitution by two other types of male and female pedestrians, respectively, which are statistically characteristic of human conditions in Germany, does not reveal any significant change in the results.
Journal Article
Mortality and causes of death in patients with atrial fibrillation: A nationwide population-based study
Patients with atrial fibrillation are known to have a high risk of mortality. There is a paucity of population-based studies about the impact of atrial fibrillation on the mortality risk stratified by age, sex, and detailed causes of death.
A total of 15,411 patients with atrial fibrillation from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort were enrolled, and causes of death were identified according to codes of the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases.
From 2002 to 2013, a total of 4,479 (29%) deaths were confirmed, and the crude mortality rate for all-cause death was 63.3 per 1,000 patient-years. Patients with atrial fibrillation had a 3.7-fold increased risk of all-cause death compared with the general population. The standardized mortality ratio for all-cause death was the highest in young patients and decreased with increasing age (standardized mortality ratio 21.93, 95% confidence interval 7.60-26.26 in patients aged <20 years; standardized mortality ratio 2.77, 95% confidence interval 2.63-2.91 in patients aged ≥80 years). Women with atrial fibrillation exhibited a greater excess mortality risk than men (standardized mortality ratio 3.81, 95% confidence interval 3.65-3.98 in women; standardized mortality ratio 3.35, 95% confidence interval 3.21-3.48 in men). Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death (38.5%), and cerebral infarction was the most common specific disease. Patients with atrial fibrillation had an about 5 times increased risk of death due to cardiovascular disease compared with the general population.
Patients with atrial fibrillation had a 4 times increased risk of mortality compared with the general population. However, the impact of atrial fibrillation on mortality decreased with age and in men. Cerebral infarction was the most common cause of death, and more attention should be paid to reducing the risk of stroke.
Journal Article
Stimuli responsive carboxyl rich carbon photonic ball ink via template assisted light thermal dehydration of monosaccharides
In this study, we investigated a color-tunable carboxyl-rich carbon inverse photonic ball (CIPB) ink, which was fabricated using a polymeric photonic ball (PB) as a template, with characteristic self-assembled opalline structures from monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microspheres. The PBs were prepared on a large scale via an optimized diffusive drying method using an aqueous dispersion of polystyrene microspheres. Via acid-catalyzed thermal dehydration of monosaccharides within the interstitial space of PB followed by template removal, iridescent CIPB, which is insoluble in water or organic solvents because the crosslinked structure is similar to a naturally occurring humin, was obtained. The use of PS microspheres of different sizes for the preparation of the respective PBs resulted in CIPBs with different structural colors. Optical characterization revealed that the individual CIPB particles exhibit specific colors on the basis of the angular dependence of the Bragg condition for each particle. The overall structural color of the CIPB ink was sensitively tuned by changing dispersing media with different indices of refraction. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of carboxyl groups within CIPB due to the light thermal condensation of sugar, and the osmotic swelling/deswelling of the charged CIPB at pH values above/below the pKa of the bound carboxylate drove the reversible pH-responsive changes in structural color, indicating the promising applicability of CIPB as a colorimetric chemical sensor.
Journal Article
Quasi-experimental designs for causal inference: an overview
The randomized control trial (RCT) is the primary experimental design in education research due to its strong internal validity for causal inference. However, in situations where RCTs are not feasible or ethical, quasi-experiments are alternatives to establish causal inference. This paper serves as an introduction to several quasi-experimental designs: regression discontinuity design, difference-in-differences analysis, interrupted time series design, instrumental variable analysis, and propensity score analysis with examples in education research.
Journal Article
Assessing the reliability of point mutation as data augmentation for deep learning with genomic data
Background
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have the potential to revolutionize our understanding and treatment of genetic diseases. An inherent limitation of deep neural networks, however, is their high demand for data during training. To overcome this challenge, other fields, such as computer vision, use various data augmentation techniques to artificially increase the available training data for DNNs. Unfortunately, most data augmentation techniques used in other domains do not transfer well to genomic data.
Results
Most genomic data possesses peculiar properties and data augmentations may significantly alter the intrinsic properties of the data. In this work, we propose a novel data augmentation technique for genomic data inspired by biology: point mutations. By employing point mutations as substitutes for codons, we demonstrate that our newly proposed data augmentation technique enhances the performance of DNNs across various genomic tasks that involve coding regions, such as translation initiation and splice site detection.
Conclusion
Silent and missense mutations are found to positively influence effectiveness, while nonsense mutations and random mutations in non-coding regions generally lead to degradation. Overall, point mutation-based augmentations in genomic datasets present valuable opportunities for improving the accuracy and reliability of predictive models for DNA sequences.
Journal Article
NTRK and RET fusion–directed therapy in pediatric thyroid cancer yields a tumor response and radioiodine uptake
BACKGROUNDMolecular characterization in pediatric papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), distinct from adult PTC, is important for developing molecularly targeted therapies for progressive radioiodine-refractory (131I-refractory) PTC.METHODSPTC samples from 106 pediatric patients (age range: 4.3-19.8 years; n = 84 girls, n = 22 boys) who were admitted to SNUH (January 1983-March 2020) were available for genomic profiling. Previous transcriptomic data from 125 adult PTC samples were used for comparison.RESULTSWe identified genetic drivers in 80 tumors: 31 with fusion oncogenes (RET in 21 patients, ALK in 6 patients, and NTRK1/3 in 4 patients); 47 with point mutations (BRAFV600E in 41 patients, TERTC228T in 2 patients [1 of whom had a coexisting BRAFV600E], and DICER1 variants in 5 patients); and 2 with amplifications. Fusion oncogene PTCs, which are predominantly detected in younger patients, were at a more advanced stage and showed more recurrent or persistent disease compared with BRAFV600E PTCs, which are detected mostly in adolescents. Pediatric fusion PTCs (in patients <10 years of age) had lower expression of thyroid differentiation genes, including SLC5A5, than did adult fusion PTCs. Two girls with progressive 131I-refractory lung metastases harboring a TPR-NTRK1 or CCDC6-RET fusion oncogene received fusion-targeted therapy; larotrectinib and selpercatinib decreased the size of the tumor and restored 125I radioiodine uptake. The girl with the CCDC6-RET fusion oncogene received 131I therapy combined with selpercatinib, resulting in a tumor response. In vitro 125I uptake and 131I clonogenic assays showed that larotrectinib inhibited tumor growth and restored radioiodine avidity.CONCLUSIONSIn pediatric patients with fusion oncogene PTC who have 131I-refractory advanced disease, selective fusion-directed therapy may restore radioiodine avidity and lead to a dramatic tumor response, underscoring the importance of molecular testing in pediatric patients with PTC.FUNDINGThe Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2016R1A2B4012417 and 2019R1A2C2084332); the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare (H14C1277); the Ministry of Education (2020R1A6A1A03047972); and the SNUH Research Fund (04-2015-0830).TRIAL REGISTRATIONTwo patients received fusion-targeted therapy with larotrectinib (NCT02576431; NAVIGATE) or selpercatinib (LOXO-RET-18018).
Journal Article
Sustained delivery of thermostabilized chABC enhances axonal sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a major class of axon growth inhibitors that are up-regulated after spinal cord injury (SCI) and contribute to regenerative failure. Chondroitinase ABC (chABC) digests glycosaminoglycan chains on CSPGs and can thereby overcome CSPG-mediated inhibition. But chABC loses its enzymatic activity rapidly at 37 °C, necessitating the use of repeated injections or local infusions for a period of days to weeks. These infusion systems are invasive, infection-prone, and clinically problematic. To overcome this limitation, we have thermostabilized chABC and developed a system for its sustained local delivery in vivo, obviating the need for chronically implanted catheters and pumps. Thermostabilized chABC remained active at 37 °C in vitro for up to 4 weeks. CSPG levels remained low in vivo up to 6 weeks post-SCI when thermostabilized chABC was delivered by a hydrogel-microtube scaffold system. Axonal growth and functional recovery following the sustained local release of thermostabilized chABC versus a single treatment of unstabilized chABC demonstrated significant differences in CSPG digestion. Animals treated with thermostabilized chABC in combination with sustained neurotrophin-3 delivery showed significant improvement in locomotor function and enhanced growth of cholera toxin B subunit-positive sensory axons and sprouting of serotonergic fibers. Therefore, improving chABC thermostability facilitates minimally invasive, sustained, local delivery of chABC that is potentially effective in overcoming CSPG-mediated regenerative failure. Combination therapy with thermostabilized chABC with neurotrophic factors enhances axonal regrowth, sprouting, and functional recovery after SCI.
Journal Article
Recent Progress in Organic Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
In recent years, thermoelectric (TE) devices have attracted a growing attention due to their promising ability to convert waste heat into readily available electric energy. Compared to inorganic counterparts, organic TE devices emerged as the potential candidates for room-temperature and flexible (even wearable) TE power generation. During last few decades, extensive studies have been performed on the p- and n-type materials and devices to build up the inter-relationship among the TE parameters (
i.e.
, electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity and power factors), demonstrating a great potential of organic TEs. In this review, recent progresses in the organic TE materials and devices, dopants and doping method, charge transport models and flexible TE device applications are summarized and the key strategies and future prospects to further optimize TE performance are discussed.
Journal Article