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Human action recognition is an important research area in the field of computer vision that can be applied in surveillance, assisted living, and robotic systems interacting with people. Although various approaches have been widely used, recent studies have mainly focused on deep-learning networks using Kinect camera that can easily generate data on skeleton joints using depth data, and have achieved satisfactory performances. However, their models are deep and complex to achieve a higher recognition score; therefore, they cannot be applied to a mobile robot platform using a Kinect camera. To overcome these limitations, we suggest a method to classify human actions in real-time using a single RGB camera, which can be applied to the mobile robot platform as well. We integrated two open-source libraries, i.e., OpenPose and 3D-baseline, to extract skeleton joints on RGB images, and classified the actions using convolutional neural networks. Finally, we set up the mobile robot platform including an NVIDIA JETSON XAVIER embedded board and tracking algorithm to monitor a person continuously. We achieved an accuracy of 70% on the NTU-RGBD training dataset, and the whole process was performed on an average of 15 frames per second (FPS) on an embedded board system.

In principle, the induced chirality of hybrid perovskites results from symmetry-breaking within inorganic frameworks. However, the detailed mechanism behind the chirality transfer remains unknown due to the lack of systematic studies. Here, using the structural isomer with different functional group location, we deduce the effect of hydrogen-bonding interaction between two building blocks on the degree of chirality transfer in inorganic frameworks. The effect of asymmetric hydrogen-bonding interaction on chirality transfer was clearly demonstrated by thorough experimental analysis. Systematic studies of crystallography parameters confirm that the different asymmetric hydrogen-bonding interactions derived from different functional group location play a key role in chirality transfer phenomena and the resulting spin-related properties of chiral perovskites. The methodology to control the asymmetry of hydrogen-bonding interaction through the small structural difference of structure isomer cation can provide rational design paradigm for unprecedented spin-related properties of chiral perovskite. Chiral Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are of interest as they exhibit circular dichroism in the visible light region. Here authors demonstrate the effect of asymmetric hydrogen bonding on the spin-polarization-based phenomena in chiral 2D perovskites by using structural isomer organic spacers.

Electroadhesion provides a promising route to augment robotic functionalities with continuous, astrictive, and reversible adhesion force. However, the lack of suitable conductive/dielectric materials and processing capabilities have impeded the integration of electroadhesive modules into soft robots requiring both mechanical compliance and robustness. We present herein an iontronic adhesive based on a dynamically crosslinked gel-elastomer system, including an ionic organohydrogel as adhesive electrodes and a resilient polyurethane with high electrostatic energy density as dielectric layers. Through supramolecular design and synthesis, the dual-material system exhibits cohesive heterolayer bonding and autonomous self-healing from damages. Iontronic soft grippers that seamlessly integrate actuation, adhesive prehension, and exteroceptive sensation are devised via additive manufacturing. The grippers can capture soft and deformable items, bear high payload under reduced voltage input, and rapidly release foreign objects in contrast to electroadhesives. Our materials and iontronic mechanisms pave the way for future advancement in adhesive-enhanced multifunctional soft devices. Electroadhesion in soft robotics provides controllable interfacial attraction for robotic functionalities but materials selection is limited. Here, Gao et. al. present an iontronic adhesive to design a soft iontronic gripper with self-healability, tunable adhesion at reduced voltages and rapid release.

Complete and high-quality photodocumentation in esophagoduodenogastroscopy (EGD) is essential for accurately diagnosing upper gastrointestinal diseases by reducing blind spot rates. Automated Photodocumentation Task (APT), an artificial intelligence-based system for real-time photodocumentation during EGD, was developed to assist endoscopists in focusing more on the observation rather than repetitive capturing tasks. This study aimed to evaluate the completeness and quality of APT’s photodocumentation compared to endoscopists. The dataset comprised 37 EGD videos recorded at Seoul National University Hospital between March and June 2023. Virtual endoscopy was conducted by seven endoscopists and APT, capturing 11 anatomical landmarks from the videos. The primary endpoints were the completeness of capturing landmarks and the quality of the images. APT achieved an average accuracy of 98.16% in capturing landmarks. Compared to that of endoscopists, APT demonstrated similar completeness in photodocumentation (87.72% vs. 85.75%, P  = .0.258), and the combined photodocumentation of endoscopists and APT reached higher completeness (91.89% vs. 85.75%, P  < .0.001). APT captured images with higher mean opinion scores than those of endoscopists (3.88 vs. 3.41, P  < .0.001). In conclusion, APT provides clear, high-quality endoscopic images while minimizing blind spots during EGD in real-time.

An essential requirement for bio/chemical sensors and electronic nose systems is the ability to detect the intended target at room temperature with high selectivity. We report a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based gas sensor functionalized with a peptide receptor to detect dinitrotoluene (DNT), which is a byproduct of trinitrotoluene (TNT). We fabricated the multi-arrayed rGO sensor using spin coating and a standard microfabrication technique. Subsequently, the rGO was subjected to photolithography and an etching process, after which we prepared the DNT-specific binding peptide (DNT-bp, sequence: His-Pro-Asn-Phe-Se r-Lys-Tyr-IleLeu-HisGln-Arg-Cys) and DNT non-specific binding peptide (DNT-nbp, sequence: Thr-Ser-Met-Leu-Leu-Met-Ser-Pro-Lys-His-Gln-Ala-Cys). These two peptides were prepared to function as highly specific and highly non-specific (for the control experiment) peptide receptors, respectively. By detecting the differential signals between the DNT-bp and DNT-nbp functionalized rGO sensor, we demonstrated the ability of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) targets to bind to DNT-specific binding peptide surfaces, showing good sensitivity and selectivity. The advantage of using the differential signal is that it eliminates unwanted electrical noise and/or environmental effects. We achieved sensitivity of 27 ± 2 × 10 −6 per part per billion (ppb) for the slope of resistance change versus DNT gas concentration of 80, 160, 240, 320, and 480 ppm, respectively. By sequentially flowing DNT vapor (320 ppb), acetone (100 ppm), toluene (1 ppm), and ethanol (100 ppm) onto the rGO sensors, the change in the signal of rGO in the presence of DNT gas is 6400 × 10 −6 per ppb whereas the signals from the other gases show no changes, representing highly selective performance. Using this platform, we were also able to regenerate the surface by simply purging with N 2 .

We evaluated the incidence and risk factors for recurrence in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who discontinued anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy under a modified treat-and-extend (TAE) protocol. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients was conducted. Therapy was discontinued after extending the treatment interval to ≥ 5 months and maintaining disease stability for 6 months. The modified TAE protocol included three phases: loading, observation, and TAE, with initial treatment intervals determined by the first recurrence interval. Recurrence rates were 22.2%, 42.2%, and 54.4% at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-ups, respectively. The median time to recurrence was 16 months, with patients receiving an average of 7.7 injections before discontinuation. Intraretinal cysts were significantly more prevalent in patients with recurrence. Rapid early response to treatment was associated with a lower risk of exudative recurrence. Vision loss of two or more lines occurred in five patients despite treatment resumption; all exhibited subretinal hemorrhages on baseline imaging. The modified TAE protocol allows for successful therapy discontinuation with fewer injections and reduced recurrence rates. Patients with a favorable early response to anti-VEGF therapy had a lower risk of recurrence.

This paper presents robotic manipulation methods for rapid high-arc object transfer using dynamic, non-prehensile interactions. Two complementary techniques are introduced, two-fingered scoop-and-flick and one-fingered topple-and-flick, designed for objects with low and high centers of mass, respectively. Both methods enable a robot to retrieve objects resting on a surface and launch them into controlled projectile trajectories without requiring stable grasp formation. To support these maneuvers, we develop physics-based models of object acquisition and release, and combine them with a data-driven framework. While analytical modeling guides the acquisition phase, the highly nonlinear flicking dynamics are captured using learned predictive models that enable accurate selection of control parameters for desired trajectories. The proposed techniques enable dynamic object transfer, reduced grasp planning complexity, and adaptability to environmental constraints. Experiments conducted on a custom robotic platform demonstrate reliable and accurate high-arc object transfer, in which the majority of object displacement is achieved through projectile motion.

Background: Platinum-based combination chemotherapy, including cisplatin and carboplatin, are important cytotoxic anti-cancer agents that are widely used to treat various solid tumors. Carboplatin has a similar effect on survival in small cell lung cancer, but generally has a milder toxicity profile when compared with cisplatin. Both may cause moderate or severe neurotoxicity, but ocular neurotoxicity from carboplatin is rarely reported. Case presentation: A 79-year-old man underwent intravenous polychemotherapy (atezolizumab, etoposide, and carboplatin) for small cell lung cancer. One week after the second cycle of chemotherapy, he reported bilateral visual loss as hand motion in both eyes. Dilated fundus examination showed retinal arterial narrowing without hemorrhage, and diffuse choroidal and retinal thinning was observed in an optical coherence tomography scan. Fluorescein angiography revealed significantly delayed circulation without evidence of obstructive lesions. 30-Flicker electroretinogram testing showed a complete absence of cone response in both eyes. The patient’s visual acuity aggravated to no light perception in both eyes, even after the cessation of chemotherapy. Conclusions: Carboplatin combination chemotherapy administered at therapeutic doses can result in irreversible visual loss, a side effect that is not widely acknowledged. When using carboplatin, physicians should be aware of its potential ocular toxicity.

Light‐emitting fibers have been intensively developed for the realization of textile displays and various lighting applications, as promising free‐form electronics with outstanding interconnectivity. These advances in the fiber displays have been made possible by the successful implementation of the core technologies of conventional displays, including high optoelectronic performance and essential elements, in the fiber form‐factor. However, although white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs), as a fundamental core technology of displays, are essential for realizing full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting, fiber‐based WOLEDs are still challenging due to structural issues and the lack of approaches to implementing WOLEDs on fiber. Herein, the first fiber WOLED is reported, exhibiting high optoelectronic performance and a reliable color index, comparable to those of conventional planar WOLEDs. As key features, it is found that WOLEDs can be successfully introduced on a cylindrical fiber using a dip‐coatable single white‐emission layer based on simulation and optimization of the white spectra. Furthermore, to ensure durability from usage, the fiber WOLED is encapsulated by an Al2O3/elastomer bilayer, showing stable operation under repetitive bending and pressure, and in water. This pioneering work is believed to provide building blocks for realizing complete textile display technologies by complementing the lack of the core technology. Although the core technologies of organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) have been implemented in the form of fiber, the fiber WOLED, a core technology to realize full‐color displays and various applications, is still undeveloped. A fiber WOLED not only was reported for the first time but also exhibited a high level of optoelectronic performance, reliable color index, deformability, and durability.

Neuroretinitis is a rare clinical entity, characterized by optic nerve edema and star-shape hard exudate around fovea. The clinical features include acute unilateral visual loss, dyschromatopsia, relative afferent pupillary defect and visual field abnormalities. Increased vascular permeability of the optic disc is the main pathophysiology. As it is a not fully known clinical entity, diagnosis is challenging. In this case, we use multimodal imaging to reveal pathophysiology and anatomical change of early mild neuroretinitis. Case presentation: A 28-year-old healthy woman presented to the clinic with mild blurred vision in her left eye. After complete ophthalmic examination, outer retinal thickening of the temporal peripapillary area and optic disc edema were observed. Two days after diagnosis, the retinal edema and visual symptoms were aggravated. A hard exudate, maybe a part of macular star, was observed. Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography (OCT), swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA), fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography visualized choroidal thinning and insufficient circulation beneath the outer retinal edema. Following steroid pulse therapy, the retinal edema and blurred vision were completely resolved. Conclusions: Multimodal imaging suggested that unilateral optic disc edema and early macular star help the diagnosis of neuroretinitis. In SS-OCTA, we found focal choroidal insufficiency. The focal insufficient choroidal circulation might be a contribution factor for idiopathic neuroretinitis. Multimodal imaging including SS-OCTA may be a valuable tool for detecting and monitoring disease progression.