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\"Computational nanoelectronics is an emerging multi-disciplinary field covering condensed matter physics, applied mathematics, computer science, and electronic engineering. In recent decades, a few state-of-the-art software packages have been developed to carry out first-principle atomistic device simulations. Nevertheless those packages are either black boxes (commercial codes) or accessible only to very limited users (private research codes). The purpose of this book is to open one of the commercial black boxes, and to demonstrate the complete procedure from theoretical derivation, to numerical implementation, all the way to device simulation. Meanwhile the affiliated source code constitutes an open platform for new researchers. This is the first book of its kind. We hope the book will make a modest contribution to the field of computational nanoelectronics\"-- Provided by publisher.

Phylogenetic analysis has entered the genomics (multilocus) era. For less experienced researchers, conquering the large number of software programs required for a multilocus‐based phylogenetic reconstruction can be somewhat daunting and time‐consuming. PhyloSuite, a software with a user‐friendly GUI, was designed to make this process more accessible by integrating multiple software programs needed for multilocus and single‐gene phylogenies and further streamlining the whole process. In this protocol, we aim to explain how to conduct each step of the phylogenetic pipeline and tree‐based analyses in PhyloSuite. We also present a new version of PhyloSuite (v1.2.3), wherein we fixed some bugs, made some optimizations, and introduced some new functions, including a number of tree‐based analyses, such as signal‐to‐noise calculation, saturation analysis, spurious species identification, and etc. The step‐by‐step protocol includes background information (i.e., what the step does), reasons (i.e., why do the step), and operations (i.e., how to do it). This protocol will help researchers quick‐start their way through the multilocus phylogenetic analysis, especially those interested in conducting organelle‐based analyses. A new release of PhyloSuite, capable of conducting tree‐based analyses. Detailed guidelines for each step of phylogenetic and tree‐based analyses, following the “What? Why? and How?” structure. This protocol will help beginners learn how to conduct multilocus phylogenetic analyses and help experienced scientists improve their efficiency. Highlights A new release of PhyloSuite, capable of conducting tree‐based analyses. Detailed guidelines for each step of phylogenetic and tree‐based analyses, following the “What, Why, and How” structure. This protocol will help beginners learn how to conduct multilocus phylogenetic analyses and help experienced scientists improve their efficiency.

PurposeThe main purposes of this research are: first of all, to re-classify the types of corporate social responsibility (CSR) into primary stakeholder-oriented CSR and secondary stakeholder-oriented CSR from the perspective of stakeholders and, second, to investigate empirically how and which types of CSR can better impact employees' job satisfaction and happiness management.Design/methodology/approachAn online self-administered questionnaire was adopted to test the conceptual model. Questionnaires were sent to Chinese employees and restrict the data to those whose companies had experience implementing CSR. The study employed the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique for data analysis using SmartPLS 4.0 software.FindingsFor factors of happiness management, both primary stakeholder-oriented CSR and secondary stakeholder-oriented CSR had significant and positive effects on happiness management. In addition, both primary and secondary stakeholder-oriented CSR positively and significantly affected job satisfaction, with primary stakeholder-oriented CSR way larger than secondary stakeholder-oriented CSR. Job satisfaction, in turn, was positively and significantly associated with happiness management. The results showed that the control variables of gender and education background had significant effects on happiness management.Practical implicationsFirst, the results provide useful empirical evidence in support of the feasibility that firms could develop competitive and sustainable development strategies by paying more attention to CSR practices. In terms of the primary stakeholder-oriented CSR, managers are recommended to put employees' benefits as a priority and invest in the to offer a healthy and safe working environment or employee support programs. In terms of the secondary stakeholder-oriented CSR, managers are suggested to denote parts of earnings to charity and to people in need. Second, in order to create job satisfaction, firms should put a stronger emphasis on CSR practices. When considering job satisfaction, managers should treat their employees in a socially responsible way and fulfill their demands and rights and place this at the core of their CSR activities.Originality/valueFirst, this study makes a contribution to the existing literature by classifying the four important CSR practices into two types from the perspective of stakeholder theory. By incorporating a series of CSR practices and the stakeholder theory, this study provides a comprehensive and reasonable CSR classification, which has not been considered by prior research. Second, this study adds to the literature by defining the construct of happiness management explicitly along with identifying the dimensions of happiness management. Third, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies exploring the relationship between CSR and happiness management. Finally, this study is among the first to investigate the correlation between job satisfaction and happiness management.

Mare volcanics on the Moon are the key record of thermo-chemical evolution throughout most of lunar history 1 – 3 . Young mare basalts—mainly distributed in a region rich in potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus (KREEP) in Oceanus Procellarum, called the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT) 4 —were thought to be formed from KREEP-rich sources at depth 5 – 7 . However, this hypothesis has not been tested with young basalts from the PKT. Here we present a petrological and geochemical study of the basalt clasts from the PKT returned by the Chang’e-5 mission 8 . These two-billion-year-old basalts are the youngest lunar samples reported so far 9 . Bulk rock compositions have moderate titanium and high iron contents  with KREEP-like rare-earth-element and high thorium concentrations. However, strontium–neodymium isotopes indicate that these basalts were derived from a non-KREEP mantle source. To produce the high abundances of rare-earth elements and thorium, low-degree partial melting and extensive fractional crystallization are required. Our results indicate that the KREEP association may not be a prerequisite for young mare volcanism. Absolving the need to invoke heat-producing elements in their source implies a more sustained cooling history of the lunar interior to generate the Moon’s youngest melts. Isotopic analysis of basalt clasts returned from the Moon by the Chang’e-5 mission indicates that the rocks were derived from a mantle source that lacked potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus.

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an essential component of multiple signaling pathways that regulate B cell and myeloid cell proliferation, survival, and functions, making it a promising therapeutic target for various B cell malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Five small molecule inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy and have been approved to treat different types of hematological cancers, including ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib, tirabrutinib, and orelabrutinib. The first-in-class agent, ibrutinib, has created a new era of chemotherapy-free treatment of B cell malignancies. Ibrutinib is so popular and became the fourth top-selling cancer drug worldwide in 2021. To reduce the off-target effects and overcome the acquired resistance of ibrutinib, significant efforts have been made in developing highly selective second- and third-generation BTK inhibitors and various combination approaches. Over the past few years, BTK inhibitors have also been repurposed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Promising data have been obtained from preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. In this review, we summarized current progress in applying BTK inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies and inflammatory disorders, highlighting available results from clinical studies.

The semantic segmentation of remote sensing images is a significant research direction in digital image processing. The complex background environment, irregular size and shape of objects, and similar appearance of different categories of remote sensing images have brought great challenges to remote sensing image segmentation tasks. Traditional convolutional-neural-network-based models often ignore spatial information in the feature extraction stage and pay less attention to global context information. However, spatial context information is important in complex remote sensing images, which means that the segmentation effect of traditional models needs to be improved. In addition, neural networks with a superior segmentation performance often suffer from the problem of high computational resource consumption. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a combination model of a modified multiscale deformable convolutional neural network (mmsDCNN) and dense conditional random field (DenseCRF). Firstly, we designed a lightweight multiscale deformable convolutional network (mmsDCNN) with a large receptive field to generate a preliminary prediction probability map at each pixel. The output of the mmsDCNN model is a coarse segmentation result map, which has the same size as the input image. In addition, the preliminary segmentation result map contains rich multiscale features. Then, the multi-level DenseCRF model based on the superpixel level and the pixel level is proposed, which can make full use of the context information of the image at different levels and further optimize the rough segmentation result of mmsDCNN. To be specific, we converted the pixel-level preliminary probability map into a superpixel-level predicted probability map according to the simple linear iterative clustering (SILC) algorithm and defined the potential function of the DenseCRF model based on this. Furthermore, we added the pixel-level potential function constraint term to the superpixel-based Gaussian potential function to obtain a combined Gaussian potential function, which enabled our model to consider the features of various scales and prevent poor superpixel segmentation results from affecting the final result. To restore the contour of the object more clearly, we utilized the Sketch token edge detection algorithm to extract the edge contour features of the image and fused them into the potential function of the DenseCRF model. Finally, extensive experiments on the Potsdam and Vaihingen datasets demonstrated that the proposed model exhibited significant advantages compared to the current state-of-the-art models.

This study delves into the communication of the COVID-19 pandemic in China by examining the representation of the pandemic in Chinese news coverage from January 2020 to March 2023. Analyzing 37,484 news reports from leading English newspapers in China, the study employs a corpus-based Discourse-Historical Approach to uncover how specific lexical and discursive strategies construct representations in the Chinese media. Overall, six major representations have been identified: COVID-19 as a lethal global health crisis, the pandemic as an extensive disaster, China’s response as effective, the pandemic fight as a unifying war, steady Chinese economic recovery, and politicization of the pandemic as unethical. Further analysis connects the representations with the sociopolitical and historical context in China. The findings of the study offer insights that can inform precise and culturally sensitive communication strategies for health professionals.

As one of the major cell organelles responsible for ATP production, it is important that neurons maintain mitochondria with structural and functional integrity; this is especially true for neurons with high metabolic requirements. When mitochondrial damage occurs, mitochondria are able to maintain a steady state of functioning through molecular and organellar quality control, thus ensuring neuronal function. And when mitochondrial quality control (MQC) fails, mitochondria mediate apoptosis. An apparently key molecule in MQC is the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Recent findings have demonstrated that upregulation of PGC-1α expression in neurons can modulate MQC to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in certain in vivo and in vitro aging or neurodegenerative encephalopathy models, such as Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Because mitochondrial function and quality control disorders are the basis of pathogenesis in almost all neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), the role of PGC-1α may make it a viable entry point for the treatment of such diseases. This review focuses on multi-level MQC in neurons, as well as the regulation of MQC by PGC-1α in these major NDDs.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether catalpol exhibited neuroprotective effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice through oxidative stress-mediated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin-domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and neuroinflammation. Deficits in behavioral tests, including open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), and elevated plus-maze test (EPM), were ameliorated following catalpol administration. To study the potential mechanism, western blots, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and immunofluorescence imaging were performed on the hippocampus samples. We found that the defects of behavioral tests induced by CUMS could be reversed by the absence of NLRP3 and NLRP3 inflammasome might be involved in the antidepressant effects of catalpol on CUMS mice. Similar to the NLRP3 inflammasome, the expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and inducible nitride oxide synthase (iNOS) were increased after CUMS. The current study demonstrated that catalpol possessed anti-inflammatory effect on CUMS mice and inhibited microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype. In addition, the activity of mitochondrial oxidative stress might be involved in the NLRP3 activation, which was proved by the downregulation of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved IL-1β, after the administration of mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant peptide SS31. Taken together, we provided evidence that catalpol exhibited antidepressive effects on CUMS mice possibly via the oxidative stress-mediated regulation of NLRP3 and neuroinflammation.