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The reality of Long COVID emerged soon after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. More than five years later, thousands of articles have been published with multiple case definitions, heterogenous populations, and numerous measurement instruments, yielding a massive amount of evidence. Health outcome measurement is vital for identifying health challenges, changes in health status and predicting future health states for people with Long COVID. Nevertheless, distinct issues of measurement require attention in the context of Long COVID. In this commentary, we discuss complexities, challenges and considerations associated with health outcome measurement in research and clinical practice with people with Long COVID. Specifically, we address: (i) identifying the population in the context of variable terminology, definitions and symptoms affecting people with Long COVID; (ii) identifying the complexity of health constructs, often multidimensional, to measure with numerous health-related consequences associated with Long COVID; (iii) identifying the purpose of measurement while taking into account the dynamic nature of Long COVID and (iv) identifying appropriate outcome measures used with people with Long COVID and their limitations. We highlight important considerations for measurement in research and clinical practice, including the impacts of the various symptoms and the dynamic nature of Long COVID. We provide examples of outcome measures used to date in the context of Long COVID to illustrate the complexities throughout, with a glimpse at wider consequences. We conclude with a brief discussion of considerations to help pave the way forward for the improvement in health outcomes measurement in Long COVID research and clinical practice. Advancing knowledge on Long COVID requires a return to the fundamentals of measurement science. It is critical to appropriately assess the measurement properties of existing instruments for their ability to accurately and reliably measure health-related constructs associated with this condition. Identifying limitations of currently used tools is also essential to prevent perpetuation of issues in the development of condition-specific measurement instruments for Long COVID. This, in turn, will help pave the way for more robust measurement and improved data interpretation in the context of Long COVID.

Interventions are strongly recommended for preschoolers experiencing participation difficulties in their daily life, regardless of whether or not they have a diagnosis. Best practices recommend that interventions should include the child's significant adults and be delivered in the child's environments. Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) has shown promising results in improving children's participation by supporting significant adults of school-aged children either with cerebral palsy or without a definite diagnosis, and of preschoolers with developmental coordination disorder. However, this approach has not yet been studied for preschoolers without a definite diagnosis. A multiple case study design was used to explore the interventions's feasibility for this population. Eight parents and three early childhood educators received OPC to help seven children (cases). Intra- and inter-case analyses were conducted to document the effects of the intervention on the children's participation and the caregivers' goals. All children had difficulties in their daily life, and most presented motor, sensory, behavioral and/or adaptive difficulties. Improvements in children's participation and significant adults' satisfaction as well as goal attainment were observed in most cases. Improvements were generally maintained at a three-month follow-up. These findings support the feasibility of OPC for significant adults of preschoolers with participation difficulties in daily life but no definite diagnosis.

Objectives MAP (Mères avec pouvoir, or in English, Mothers with Power) is a program that proposes a comprehensive approach to promote the social and vocational integration of low income single mothers with children under six years old. Using the results of a qualitative evaluation of the program’s outcomes and the contextual factors that produced the outcomes, this article aims to identify the aspects of the program that are most promising for practise. Method To assess the program outcomes, the study used two monitoring tools and an information sheet on each participant. An in-depth analysis of the connections between the program’s outcomes and the contextual factors that produced them was conducted using 15 case studies, a case being defined as the integration path of each participant during their involvement in the program. For each case, four data sources were used; in addition to the monitoring tools, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants and the case workers at two points in time. Results Data showed positive outcomes for this program. After three years, a majority of the participants returned to school, completed high school, started collegial studies, or found employment. These outcomes resulted from a set of factors, including structure provided in the living environment, support from an intervention team working in proximity with the participants, and individualized links with community programs and services. Conclusion The results support the relevance of an integrated and comprehensive approach to the social and vocational integration of low income single mothers.

MAP (mothers with power) is a program that proposes a comprehensive approach to promote social and professional integration of low income single mothers with children under six years old. Using the results of a qualitative evaluation of the program 's outcomes and the contextual factors that produced them, this article aims to identify the aspects of the program that are the most promising for practise. To assess the program's outcomes, the study uses two monitoring tools and an information sheet on each participant. An in-depth analysis of the connections between the program's outcomes and the contextual factors that produced them is conducted using 16 case studies, a case being defined as the integration path of each participant during the participation in the program. For each case, four data sources were used: in addition to the monitoring tools, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants and the case workers at two points in time. Data show positive outcomes of this program. After three years, a majority of participants went back to school, finished high school, started collegial studies or found a job. These outcomes resulted from a set of factors: structuring actions on the life environment, support from an intervention team working closely with the participants and personalized references to programs and services in the community. The results support the relevance of an integrated and comprehensive approach to the social and professional integration of low-income single mothers.

MAP (mothers with power) is a program that proposes a comprehensive approach to promote social and professional integration of low income single mothers with children under six years old. Using the results of a qualitative evaluation of the program's outcomes and the contextual factors that produced them, this article aims to identify the aspects of the program that are the most promising for practise. To assess the program's outcomes, the study uses two monitoring tools and an information sheet on each participant. An in-depth analysis of the connections between the program's outcomes and the contextual factors that produced them is conducted using 16 case studies. Data show positive outcomes of this program. After three years, a majority of participants went back to school, finished high school, started collegial studies or found a job. These outcomes resulted from a set of factors: structuring actions on the life environment, support from an intervention team working closely with the participants and personalized references to programs and services in the community.

MAP (mothers with power) is a program that proposes a comprehensive approach to promote social and professional integration of low income single mothers with children under six years old. Using the results of a qualitative evaluation of the program 's outcomes and the contextual factors that produced them, this article aims to identify the aspects of the program that are the most promising for practise.OBJECTIVESMAP (mothers with power) is a program that proposes a comprehensive approach to promote social and professional integration of low income single mothers with children under six years old. Using the results of a qualitative evaluation of the program 's outcomes and the contextual factors that produced them, this article aims to identify the aspects of the program that are the most promising for practise.To assess the program's outcomes, the study uses two monitoring tools and an information sheet on each participant. An in-depth analysis of the connections between the program's outcomes and the contextual factors that produced them is conducted using 16 case studies, a case being defined as the integration path of each participant during the participation in the program. For each case, four data sources were used: in addition to the monitoring tools, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants and the case workers at two points in time.METHODTo assess the program's outcomes, the study uses two monitoring tools and an information sheet on each participant. An in-depth analysis of the connections between the program's outcomes and the contextual factors that produced them is conducted using 16 case studies, a case being defined as the integration path of each participant during the participation in the program. For each case, four data sources were used: in addition to the monitoring tools, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants and the case workers at two points in time.Data show positive outcomes of this program. After three years, a majority of participants went back to school, finished high school, started collegial studies or found a job. These outcomes resulted from a set of factors: structuring actions on the life environment, support from an intervention team working closely with the participants and personalized references to programs and services in the community.RESULTSData show positive outcomes of this program. After three years, a majority of participants went back to school, finished high school, started collegial studies or found a job. These outcomes resulted from a set of factors: structuring actions on the life environment, support from an intervention team working closely with the participants and personalized references to programs and services in the community.The results support the relevance of an integrated and comprehensive approach to the social and professional integration of low-income single mothers.CONCLUSIONThe results support the relevance of an integrated and comprehensive approach to the social and professional integration of low-income single mothers.

Core Ideas A gene‐centric approach for haplotype definition was developed and implemented in R. The tool allows for allelic characterization at given loci in germplasm collections. Allelic status at four maturity genes is predicted on the basis of marker genotyping data. Assessing the allelic diversity within a germplasm collection and identifying individuals carrying favorable alleles is challenging. Advances in high‐throughput technologies allow the genotyping of many individuals for thousands of markers but bridging the gap between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and relevant alleles remains difficult. We developed a systematic approach that defines haplotypes from large SNP catalogs that aims to identify haplotypes that can be equated to alleles at given genes. Unlike haplotype visualization tools, our approach selects SNP markers that flank a gene and define haplotypes that correspond to this gene's alleles. We tested this approach on four known soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] maturity genes (E1, GmGia, GmPhyA3, and GmPhyA2) in a collection of 67 lines and two genotypic datasets [a SNP array and genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS)]. For E1, GmGia, and GmPhyA3, we identified SNP haplotypes such that the allele found at these genes could be accurately predicted from the haplotype in 97.3% of the cases. For these genes, of the 12 known alleles in the collection, 10 and 8 could be correctly predicted from the haplotypes found with the SNP array and GBS datasets, with success rates of 98 and 97% for all allele–line combinations, respectively. The approach proved equally successful for data derived from a SNP array and GBS. However, in the case of GmPhyA2, a lack of markers in the genomic region prevented the identification of alleles, regardless of the dataset. We demonstrate the feasibility and reproducibility of our approach and identify limits to its applicability.