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In Lost Ground, Michiel Heyns portrays the former white settlers’ position and experience in South Africa, Africa and Europe after the overturn of South Africa’s apartheid regime. An analysis of the novel illustrates that the legacy of the colonisation of Africa and apartheid in South Africa still shapes the settler descendants’ perception of self and the other and the formers’ place in South Africa and Africa. After the electoral victory of the African National Congress, contemporary white South African men, as exemplified by the English-speaking male protagonist who features in the novel, tend to dissociate themselves from the country and the African continent as home. Although the original colonisers’ experience of alienation and ambivalence about apartheid has been widely depicted, the significance of this experience in relation to white South African male identity has not been fully explored in a study of Heyns’s Lost Ground, principally as regards the novel’s detective narrative framework and the counterdiscursive technique of intertextual referencing that implies other interpretative possibilities. Lost Ground will be critically analysed in terms of the central character’s experience of space and place, and the influence of these paradigms on Peter Jacobs as he makes strides towards abandoning historical/racial restrictions and locating his identity in people.

In Lost Ground, Michiel Heyns portrays the former white settlers’ position and experience in South Africa, Africa and Europe after the overturn of South Africa’s apartheid regime. An analysis of the novel illustrates that the legacy of the colonisation of Africa and apartheid in South Africa still shapes the settler descendants’ perception of self and the other and the formers’ place in South Africa and Africa. After the electoral victory of the African National Congress, contemporary white South African men, as exemplified by the English-speaking male protagonist who features in the novel, tend to dissociate themselves from the country and the African continent as home. Although the original colonisers’ experience of alienation and ambivalence about apartheid has been widely depicted, the significance of this experience in relation to white South African male identity has not been fully explored in a study of Heyns’s Lost Ground, principally as regards the novel’s detective narrative framework and the counterdiscursive technique of intertextual referencing that implies other interpretative possibilities. Lost Ground will be critically analysed in terms of the central character’s experience of space and place, and the influence of these paradigms on Peter Jacobs as he makes strides towards abandoning historical/racial restrictions and locating his identity in people. Michiel Heyns se Lost Ground: Die blanke man se sin vir identiteit en plek in ‘n gedekoloniseerde Afrika en ‘n demokratiese Suid-Afrika. In Lost Ground (2011) beeld Michiel Heyns die posisie en ervaring van die voormalige blanke setlaars in Suid-Afrika, Afrika en Europa uit na die omverwerping van Suid-Afrika se apartheidsregering. ‘n Ontleding van die roman illustreer dat die nalatenskap van die kolonisasie van Afrika en apartheid in Suid-Afrika steeds die setlaarafstammelinge se begrip van self en die ander asook hul plek in Suid-Afrika en Afrika beïnvloed. Na die verkiesingsoorwinning van die African National Congress neig hedendaagse blanke Suid-Afrikaanse mans, soos vergestalt deur die Engelssprekende manlike hoofkarakter wat in die roman figureer, om hulself te dissosieer van die land en die Afrika-kontinent as tuiste. Alhoewel die oorspronklike koloniseerders se ervaring van vervreemding en ambivalensie oor apartheid wyd uitgebeeld word, is die betekenis van hierdie ervaring met verwysing na wit Suid-Afrikaanse manlike identiteit nog nie ten volle nagevors in ‘n studie van Heyns se Lost Ground nie, hoofsaaklik met betrekking tot die roman se speurvertellingsraamwerk en die teen-diskursiewe tegniek van intertekstuele verwysings wat ander interpretatiewe moontlikhede impliseer. Lost Ground word krities ontleed ooreenkomstig die hoofkarakter se ervaring van ruimte en plek, en die invloed van hierdie paradigmas op Peter Jacobs terwyl hy poog om historiese/rassebeperkings te oorkom en sy identiteit te vind in mense.

The end of apartheid in 1994 and the ongoing student protests since 2015 have caused renewed interest in the decolonisation of higher education in South Africa. Since this time, the model of academic organisation which underlies many South African universities has not considerably changed. These institutions tend to remain colonial outposts, rooted in Western disciplinary knowledge. The decolonisation of the curriculum is an important question that warrants attention, given that epistemic and hegemonic systems at most South African universities were entrenched during apartheid. This article examines a view of decolonisation that is based on transforming the South African higher education curriculum, a curriculum that is generally designated as westernised and Eurocentric. The research question is: Which challenges are faced in the attempt to decolonise the South African higher education curriculum? Because a qualitative research design accounts for experience and perception, it was deemed most suitable for the purpose of this article. A review of relevant literature provided a foundation for an interpretation of the challenges encountered. One-on-one, semi-structured interviews were conducted with academics within a higher education environment to determine whether the different challenges or themes as propounded by the literature align with those articulated by the interviewees. The researchers found that the call for the decolonisation of institutions and curricula presents challenges to the academic project as well as to academics. There is not sufficientlydeveloped African content to jettison Western education without leaving a void. Yet decolonisation is feasible and does not have to be a protracted process. For this reason South African institutions of higher learning should provide research solutions for the nation by developing curricula based on the best knowledge, skills, morals, beliefs and traditions from Africa, as well as Europe. Such a curriculum will relate to the needs of students; in other words, it will be fit for purpose.

This article evaluates the position and experience of whites in South Africa after the advent of a black majority government, insofar as these are represented by the English-speaking white male protagonist in The Good Doctor (2003) by Damon Galgut. Analysis of the novel will illustrate that the legacy of colonisation and apartheid continues to influence the settler descendants' perceptions of self and the other and their place in the country.

This article evaluates the position and experience of whites in South Africa after the advent of a black majority government, insofar as these are represented by the English-speaking white male protagonist in The Good Doctor (2003) by Damon Galgut. Analysis of the novel will illustrate that the legacy of colonisation and apartheid continues to influence the settler descendants' perceptions of self and the other and their place in the country.

A critical analysis of Athol Fugard's Playland will show that the characters? identity is shaped by the choices they made in the past, the way they live with others in the present and their perception of the future. South Africa?s apartheid regime has psychologically damaged both its white and black citizens. Owing to the crimes of the past and in the absence of absolution, Playland?s protagonists, who embody contrasting facets of the fragmented national psyche, find themselves trapped in time and consumed by guilt. Without a stabilising force on which to base their subjectivity, the two men experience the world as merciless, indifferent and meaningless. When they journey back into the past, they begin to forgive themselves and each other. They realise that they are responsible for choosing who they are and the reality of their own lives, and that their potentiality for being whole lies in going out from their centredness to interact with others and accept and affirm them.

IntroductionPalliative care is essential for patients with terminal diseases and aims at effective symptom control. This may stand in opposition to radiation treatment as an oncological treatment modality. The hereby presented work demonstrates the successful integration of a palliative care service in the radiation oncology ward.MethodsSince 2015, 1018 patients were seen by the palliative care service on the radiation oncology ward and have been analyzed in this single center study. To assess teaching efficacy of the consultation service, a survey was conducted among 15 radiation oncology residents.ResultsCooperation between the two departments proved to be efficient with rising patient numbers. Palliative care was able to guide appropriate postdischarge care with the number of patients dying on the radiation oncology ward decreasing significantly (p = 0.009). The main topics for consultation were pain medication (92.3%), organization of postdischarge care (92.3%), and psycho-oncological support (84.6%). Most residents had a positive image of the palliative care service and consented on adjectives like “enriching”, “empathic”, “collegial”, “professionally founded”, and a “low threshold for consultation”. All participants agreed that cooperation deepened their knowledge on palliative care.ConclusionA synergistic cooperation between a palliative care consultation service and a radiation oncology department addresses patient symptoms on an individual level. It confers advanced knowledge on palliative care which is essential for resident education and patient treatment.

Polybromo-1 ( PBRM1 ) loss of function mutations are present in a fraction of biliary tract cancers (BTCs). PBRM1 , a subunit of the PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex, is involved in DNA damage repair. Herein, we aimed to decipher the molecular landscape of PBRM1 mutated (mut) BTCs and to define potential translational aspects. Totally, 1848 BTC samples were analyzed using next-generation DNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). siRNA-mediated knockdown of PBRM1 was performed in the BTC cell line EGI1 to assess the therapeutic vulnerabilities of ATR and PARP inhibitors in vitro. PBRM1 mutations were identified in 8.1% ( n  = 150) of BTCs and were more prevalent in intrahepatic BTCs (9.9%) compared to gallbladder cancers (6.0%) or extrahepatic BTCs (4.5%). Higher rates of co-mutations in chromatin-remodeling genes (e.g., ARID1A 31% vs. 16%) and DNA damage repair genes (e.g., ATRX 4.4% vs. 0.3%) were detected in PBRM1 -mutated (mut) vs. PBRM1 -wildtype (wt) BTCs. No difference in real-world overall survival was observed between PBRM1 -mut and PBRM1 -wt patients (HR 1.043, 95% CI 0.821–1.325, p  = 0.731). In vitro, experiments suggested that PARP ± ATR inhibitors induce synthetic lethality in the PBRM1 knockdown BTC model. Our findings served as the scientific rationale for PARP inhibition in a heavily pretreated PBRM1- mut BTC patient, which induced disease control. This study represents the largest and most extensive molecular profiling study of PBRM1- mut BTCs, which in vitro sensitizes to DNA damage repair inhibiting compounds. Our findings might serve as a rationale for future testing of PARP/ATR inhibitors in PBRM1- mut BTCs.

Multiculturalism is one of the most controversial topics in both the United States and Germany.This interdisciplinary collection of essays by German scholars in American Studies and American scholars in German Studies analyze the \"other\" from this dual perspective and from their respective disciplines such as literary and cultural studies, political science, anthropology,and history. More particularly they examine multiculturalism in terms of national and ethnic identities, as well as gender and race, and look at the disciplines and institutions that produce and legitimize discourses on subjects such as minority literatures, feminism, and the notion of foreignness itself. What becomes clear is the fact that careful attention must be paid to the particular conditions and different ideological concepts that shape this term, i.e., the \"national\" historical, political, social, and institutional contexts in which it appears, circulates, and accrues meanings.