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Metaphors such as icy stare depict social exclusion using cold-related concepts; they are not to be taken literally and certainly do not imply reduced temperature. Two experiments, however, revealed that social exclusion literally feels cold. Experiment 1 found that participants who recalled a social exclusion experience gave lower estimates of room temperature than did participants who recalled an inclusion experience. In Experiment 2, social exclusion was directly induced through an on-line virtual interaction, and participants who were excluded reported greater desire for warm food and drink than did participants who were included. These findings are consistent with the embodied view of cognition and support the notion that social perception involves physical and perceptual content. The psychological experience of coldness not only aids understanding of social interaction, but also is an integral part of the experience of social exclusion.

BackgroundRobotic surgery is used in several surgical procedures with limited evidence of clinical benefit. In some jurisdictions, the demand for robotic surgery may have been fueled by public perception of this novel technology. Therefore, we sought to investigate the public’s perception of robotic surgery.Study designWe conducted a cross-sectional survey using a series of vignette-associated questions designed to examine the public’s perception of robotic surgery. Eligible participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk’s system and randomized to one of two pairs of vignettes: laparoscopic surgery compared to (1) robotic surgery, or (2) “novel surgical technology” (without using the term “robotic”). Outcomes of interest were anticipated postoperative outcomes using the surgical fear questionnaire, procedure preference, perception of error, trust, and competency of the surgeon.ResultsThe survey included 362 respondents; 64.1% were male with median age of 53 years. There were no differences in the distribution of responses of the questionnaire based on use of the term “robotic” or “novel surgical technology”; therefore, the two cohorts were combined to examine perception of robotic compared to laparoscopic surgery. More respondents feared outcomes of robotic surgery than laparoscopic surgery (78.2% vs 14.9%, p < 0.001). Participants preferred laparoscopic to robotic surgery (64.4% vs 35.6%, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe public fears recovery after robotic surgery and prefers laparoscopic surgery. The propagation of robotic surgery is unlikely based on public demand and may be more related to institutional or surgeon perceptions. Surgeons who provide robotic surgery should ensure their patients are comfortable with and understand this technology.

We propose that social categorization can encourage particular forms of intergroup cooperation because it differentiates a group in need from a group that can give aid. Moreover, social categorization is most likely to occur when individuals perceive procedural justice (i.e., fair treatment) from authorities in a superordinate group that includes the individuals' subgroup. Two field studies investigating relations between local and foreign coworkers tested not only this prediction, but also whether high social categorization and procedural justice would yield a dual identity, in which group members identify simultaneously with their social category and the superordinate group. Both studies supported our predictions: Local employees engaged a dual identity and offered knowledge to aid a foreign coworker's adjustment more often when local-foreign categorization and procedural justice from organizational authorities were high than when these variables were low. These discoveries point to controllable mechanisms that enable intergroup cooperation, and our findings have important implications for intergroup aid, expatriate adjustment, immigration, and multiculturalism.

Perhaps the defining feature of humanity is the social condition -- how we think about others, identify ourselves with others, and interact with groups of others. The advances of evolutionary theory, social cognition, social identity, and intergroup relations, respectively, as major fields of inquiry have been among the crowning theoretical developments in social psychology over the past three decades. Marilynn Brewer has been a leading intellectual figure in the advancement of each of them. Her theory and research have had international impact on the way we think about the self and its relation to others. This festschrift celebrates Marilynn's numerous contributions to social psychology, and includes original contributions from both leading and rising social psychologists from around the world. The volume will be of interest to social psychologists, industrial/organizational psychologists, clinical psychologists, and sociologists.

Perhaps the defining feature of humanity is the social condition -- how we think about others, identify ourselves with others, and interact with groups of others. The advances of evolutionary theory, social cognition, social identity, and intergroup relations, respectively, as major fields of inquiry have been among the crowning theoretical developments in social psychology over the past three decades. Marilynn Brewer has been a leading intellectual figure in the advancement of each of them. Her theory and research have had international impact on the way we think about the self and its relation to others. This festschrift celebrates Marilynn's numerous contributions to social psychology, and includes original contributions from both leading and rising social psychologists from around the world. The volume will be of interest to social psychologists, industrial/organizational psychologists, clinical psychologists, and sociologists.

Negotiation is a ubiquitous social activity that for years has been recognized as an important skill in a wide range of organizational domains (e.g., Lax & Sebenius, 1986). Negotiation is ubiquitous, because it is used to accomplish many important tasks including making deals, resolving disputes, allocating resources, making decisions, and solving problems. Using a number of different tasks, designs, and contexts, researchers have consistently found that people often fail to recognize the potential for reaching agreements that offer gains for both parties. In other words, people often attain outcomes that are not as beneficial as they could have been (Thompson & Hrebec, 1996; Thompson, 1990; Ritov & Moran, 2008). Explanations for these problems are numerous, and tend to focus on intrapersonal characteristics such as power and gender, and interpersonal characteristics such as trust, tactics, and situational constraints (Thompson, Wang, & Gunia, 2010).

This Festschrift honors Marilynn Brewer's distinguished career in social psychology. Since receiving her PhD in 1968, her career has spanned 43 years as of the writing of this chapter, left an indelible impact on the field of social psychology, and earned the conferral of almost every major award that a social psychologist can receive. Putting that career in its proper context is a daunting task because of the depth and breadth of her numerous and diverse contributions. The latter half of the twentieth century witnessed an explosion of social psychological research on several important theoretical fronts, including prejudice and intergroup relations, social identity theory, sociobiology, anthropological approaches to human psychology, and the psychology of the social self. There were also concerted efforts to develop more applied social psychological theory and research, including addressing problems of prejudice, discrimination, cooperation and conflict, and social dilemmas. Amazingly-or perhaps of no surprise at all-Marilynn Brewer's work reflects major theoretical and empirical advances in each of these frontiers. Indeed, these contributions are showcased in the chapters contained in this Festschrift.