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Across the United States, thousands of people, most of them in low-income or minority communities, live next to heavily polluting industrial sites. Many of them reach a point at which they say \"Enough is enough.\" After living for years with poisoned air and water, contaminated soil, and pollution-related health problems, they start to take action--organizing, speaking up, documenting the effects of pollution on their neighborhoods. In Sacrifice Zones, Steve Lerner tells the stories of twelve communities, from Brooklyn to Pensacola, that rose up to fight the industries and military bases causing disproportionately high levels of chemical pollution. He calls these low-income neighborhoods \"sacrifice zones.\" And he argues that residents of these sacrifice zones, tainted with chemical pollutants, need additional regulatory protections. Sacrifice Zones goes beyond the disheartening statistics and gives us the voices of the residents themselves, offering compelling portraits of accidental activists who have become grassroots leaders in the struggle for environmental justice and details the successful tactics they have used on the fenceline with heavy industry.

Probiotics have been shown to support normal growth and immune function in pigs in challenging environments. A commercial probiotic (BioPlus2B®) containing two microbial species (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) was tested to determine its effect on lactation of sows, pre-weaning performance of litters, and post-weaning performance of pigs challenged with PRRS virus. Sows (n = 120) were fed to meet or exceed NRC 2018 requirements and divided into two treatment groups: control and BioPlus2B®. BioPlus2B® was fed daily at an equivalent of 1.6 x 109CFU/kg and daily feed intake was recorded. Production practices were closely monitored in order to reduce the risk of bacteria cross-contamination between treatment groups and to maintain responsible animal welfare practices. By 24 hours post-farrow, piglets were cross-fostered within treatment group and subsequently weighed. They were weighed again on day 17. Upon weaning at approximately 21 days, piglets from each treatment group were separated into one of three BSL2 rooms and allocated to one of 36 pens per treatment for a 28-day growth study. The treatment group was fed BioPlus2B® daily at 1.1 x 109CFU/kg. At seven days post-wean, pigs were infected IM with 2 x 103.5 TCID 50 of the PRRS virus. Sow, litter, or pen was considered the experimental unit except for birth and wean weights. Sows that consumed BioPlus2B® daily birthed heavier piglets, consumed more feed throughout lactation, and tended to wean heavier pigs than Control sows. Pigs that consumed BioPlus2B® post-wean resulted in greater ADG, ADG:ADFI, and reduced mortality after PRRS infection. Data is expressed as least square means ±SEM. Values at P< 0.05 are considered significantly different while values between 0.05< P≤0.10 are considered a trend. In summary, feeding a defined probiotic supports optimal performance of sows and litters and effective immune responses of pigs challenged with respiratory disease.

Probiotics have been shown to support normal growth and immune function in pigs in challenging environments. A commercial probiotic (BioPlus2B®) containing two microbial species (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) was tested to determine its effect on lactation of sows, pre-weaning performance of litters, and post-weaning performance of pigs challenged with PRRS virus. Sows (n = 120) were fed to meet or exceed NRC 2018 requirements and divided into two treatment groups: control and BioPlus2B®. BioPlus2B® was fed daily at an equivalent of 1.6 x 109CFU/kg and daily feed intake was recorded. Production practices were closely monitored in order to reduce the risk of bacteria cross-contamination between treatment groups and to maintain responsible animal welfare practices. By 24 hours post-farrow, piglets were cross-fostered within treatment group and subsequently weighed. They were weighed again on day 17. Upon weaning at approximately 21 days, piglets from each treatment group were separated into one of three BSL2 rooms and allocated to one of 36 pens per treatment for a 28-day growth study. The treatment group was fed BioPlus2B® daily at 1.1 x 109CFU/kg. At seven days post-wean, pigs were infected IM with 2 x 103.5 TCID 50 of the PRRS virus. Sow, litter, or pen was considered the experimental unit except for birth and wean weights. Sows that consumed BioPlus2B® daily birthed heavier piglets, consumed more feed throughout lactation, and tended to wean heavier pigs than Control sows. Pigs that consumed BioPlus2B® post-wean resulted in greater ADG, ADG:ADFI, and reduced mortality after PRRS infection. Data is expressed as least square means ±SEM. Values at P< 0.05 are considered significantly different while values between 0.05< P<0.10 are considered a trend. In summary, feeding a defined probiotic supports optimal performance of sows and litters and effective immune responses of pigs challenged with respiratory disease.

Lula Bishop moved into Midway Village Complex in Daly City, California, in 1978 and counted herself lucky at the time. The subsidized housing unit she occupied was located in a relatively desirable neighborhood one mile from San Francisco Bay, and Bishop was initially surprised at how attractive the housing was. True, her apartment was located across the fenceline from a Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) utility company maintenance yard, but the rest of the neighborhood was residential. There were also convenient facilities for her three children—Kevin, Kenneth, and Tonya—including a day care center, Head Start program, playground, park,

Bernard “Buzz” Bowman Jr. is proud of his antiques collection. He has three thousand antique toy cars and trucks on shelves in his basement in Addyston, Ohio. And this is just the tip of the iceberg. His yard is full of dozens of old-fashioned gasoline pumps, and displayed in his basement is a lovingly restored one-horse sleigh, upholstered in crushed red velvet and sporting a black convertible canopy that snaps into place with welloiled precision. “We’re on the map,” says seventy-three-year-old Bowman, pointing out a designation of his museum on a local tourist handout. He also has a write-up in

The ground in Greenpoint, a Polish American neighborhood on the waterfront in north Brooklyn, feels solid enough. But lurking beneath the surface—like an alien substance in a bad science-fiction movie—is a giant viscous blob of oil that soaked into the ground over the course of a century. The oil has been described by one observer as having the consistency of a giant tub of black mayonnaise.¹ The size of the oil spill, estimated at 17 to 30 million gallons, is thought to be the greatest environmental disaster ever to strike New York City. It measures some twenty-fi ve

On a September morning in 2003, a drilling crew pulled up onto Laura Ward’s lawn and started boring a hole. “Why are they driving on my lawn?” Ward wondered as she sat looking out the window of her home in Tallevast, Florida, a community of eighty-seven households located thirty-eight miles south of Tampa. Within minutes, Ward was out her front door and across the lawn asking the crew chief what he was doing. What she learned was that Lockheed Martin, the most recent owner of the high-tech weapons plant located just down the street, had hired the drilling crew to

Suzie Canales grew up on Karen Drive in a race-zoned neighborhood in Corpus Christi, Texas, a city whose Latin name means “body of Christ.” When her sister died of cancer, Canales became convinced that something was wrong in her neighborhood and began to do some research. After wading through a swamp of city records, Canales discovered that the Cunningham area in which she and her sister were raised was located adjacent to two oil waste dumps later used as municipal garbage landfills. In the 1940s, the area was designated by city officials as “reserved for Mexicans.” This follows a documented