Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
7,416
result(s) for
"Levy, Andrew"
Sort by:
Huck Finn's America : Mark Twain and the era that shaped his masterpiece
\"A groundbreaking and controversial re-examination of our most beloved classic, Huckleberry Finn, proving that for more than 100 years we have misunderstood Twain's message on race and childhood--and the uncomfortable truths it still holds for modern America\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Twenty Years of Stereotype Threat Research: A Review of Psychological Mediators
This systematic literature review appraises critically the mediating variables of stereotype threat. A bibliographic search was conducted across electronic databases between 1995 and 2015. The search identified 45 experiments from 38 articles and 17 unique proposed mediators that were categorized into affective/subjective (n = 6), cognitive (n = 7) and motivational mechanisms (n = 4). Empirical support was accrued for mediators such as anxiety, negative thinking, and mind-wandering, which are suggested to co-opt working memory resources under stereotype threat. Other research points to the assertion that stereotype threatened individuals may be motivated to disconfirm negative stereotypes, which can have a paradoxical effect of hampering performance. However, stereotype threat appears to affect diverse social groups in different ways, with no one mediator providing unequivocal empirical support. Underpinned by the multi-threat framework, the discussion postulates that different forms of stereotype threat may be mediated by distinct mechanisms.
Journal Article
Medication adherence in cardiovascular medicine
AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. While pharmacological advancements have improved the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease, non-adherence to prescribed treatment remains a significant barrier to improved patient outcomes. A variety of strategies to improve medication adherence have been tested in clinical trials, and include the following categories: improving patient education, implementing medication reminders, testing cognitive behavioral interventions, reducing medication costs, utilizing healthcare team members, and streamlining medication dosing regimens. In this review, we describe specific trials within each of these categories and highlight the impact of each on medication adherence. We also examine ongoing trials and future lines of inquiry for improving medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Journal Article
A protocol for the longitudinal investigation of cancer related fatigue in head and neck cancer with an emphasis on the role of physical activity
Cancer related fatigue significantly impairs the ability to undertake sustained physical activity across the domains of daily living, work and recreation. The purpose of this study is to monitor cancer related fatigue and the factors affected or caused by it for 12 months in head and neck cancer patients following their diagnosis. Their perceptions of how fatigue might affect their activity levels in addition to identifying avenues to improve engagement with physical activity will be also explored.
A single centre longitudinal mixed-methods study will be conducted. Forty head and neck cancer patients will be recruited over 6 months following the confirmation of their treatment plan, after which fatigue and physical activity will be assessed at four time points over 12 months. Additionally, other factors which influence fatigue such as body composition, blood counts, systemic inflammation levels, haemoglobin concentration, thyroid function, sleep quality, cardiorespiratory fitness and upper and lower extremity strength will be measured to understand how the multifactorial problem of fatigue may evolve over time and influence physical activity levels. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted after treatment completion and at end of twelve months which will analyse the participants fatigue experiences, understand how their perceived fatigue may have impacted physical activity and report the factors which may improve engagement with physical activity during cancer. Quantitative data will be analysed and reported using standard descriptive statistics and post-hoc pairwise comparisons. The changes in outcome measures across time will be analysed using the MIXED procedure in SPSS software. Statistical significance will be accepted at p<0.05. Qualitative data will be analysed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Approach using the NVivo software.
The results from this study may help inform the planning and delivery of appropriately timed interventions for the management of cancer related fatigue.
Journal Article
Molecular Insights into IQSEC2 Disease
Recent insights into IQSEC2 disease are summarized in this review as follows: (1) Exome sequencing of IQSEC2 patient DNA has led to the identification of numerous missense mutations that delineate at least six and possibly seven essential functional domains present in the IQSEC2 gene. (2) Experiments using IQSEC2 transgenic and knockout (KO) mouse models have recapitulated the presence of autistic-like behavior and epileptic seizures in affected animals; however, seizure severity and etiology appear to vary considerably between models. (3) Studies in IQSEC2 KO mice reveal that IQSEC2 is involved in inhibitory as well as stimulatory neurotransmission. The overall picture appears to be that mutated or absent IQSEC2 arrests neuronal development, resulting in immature neuronal networks. Subsequent maturation is aberrant, leading to increased inhibition and reduced neuronal transmission. (4) The levels of Arf6-GTP remain constitutively high in IQSEC2 knockout mice despite the absence of IQSEC2 protein, indicating impaired regulation of the Arf6 guanine nucleotide exchange cycle. (5) A new therapy that has been shown to reduce the seizure burden for the IQSEC2 A350V mutation is heat treatment. Induction of the heat shock response may be responsible for this therapeutic effect.
Journal Article
Applications of machine learning in decision analysis for dose management for dofetilide
Initiation of the antiarrhythmic medication dofetilide requires an FDA-mandated 3 days of telemetry monitoring due to heightened risk of toxicity within this time period. Although a recommended dose management algorithm for dofetilide exists, there is a range of real-world approaches to dosing the medication.
In this multicenter investigation, clinical data from the Antiarrhythmic Drug Genetic (AADGEN) study was examined for 354 patients undergoing dofetilide initiation. Univariate logistic regression identified a starting dofetilide dose of 500 mcg (OR 5.0, 95%CI 2.5-10.0, p<0.001) and sinus rhythm at the start of dofetilide loading (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.8-4.2, p<0.001) as strong positive predictors of successful loading. Any dose-adjustment during loading (OR 0.19, 95%CI 0.12-0.31, p<0.001) and a history coronary artery disease (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.19-0.59, p<0.001) were strong negative predictors of successful dofetilide loading. Based on the observation that any dose adjustment was a significant negative predictor of successful initiation, we applied multiple supervised approaches to attempt to predict the dose adjustment decision, but none of these approaches identified dose adjustments better than a probabilistic guess. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis identified 8 clusters as a reasonable data reduction method. These 8 clusters were then used to define patient states in a tabular reinforcement learning model trained on 80% of dosing decisions. Testing of this model on the remaining 20% of dosing decisions revealed good accuracy of the reinforcement learning model, with only 16/410 (3.9%) instances of disagreement.
Dose adjustments are a strong determinant of whether patients are able to successfully initiate dofetilide. A reinforcement learning algorithm informed by unsupervised learning was able to predict dosing decisions with 96.1% accuracy. Future studies will apply this algorithm prospectively as a data-driven decision aid.
Journal Article
The Role of Haptoglobin Polymorphism in Cardiovascular Disease in the Setting of Diabetes
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Preclinical models have suggested that excessive oxidative stress and hyperglycemia are directly responsible for this pathological association. However, numerous clinical trials involving the administration of high doses of the antioxidant vitamin E or attempts at strict glycemic control have failed to show a significant reduction of CVD in DM patients. We describe here a possible explanation for the failure of these trials, that being their lack of proper patient selection. The haptoglobin (Hp) genotype is a major determinant of the risk of CVD in the setting of DM. Treatment of individuals with the high-risk Hp genotype with antioxidants or aggressive glycemic control has shown benefit in several small studies. These studies suggest a precision medicine-based approach to preventing diabetes complications. This approach would have a profound effect on the costs of diabetes care and could dramatically reduce morbidity from diabetes.
Journal Article
In the Body’s Eye: The computational anatomy of interoceptive inference
A growing body of evidence highlights the intricate linkage of exteroceptive perception to the rhythmic activity of the visceral body. In parallel, interoceptive inference theories of affective perception and self-consciousness are on the rise in cognitive science. However, thus far no formal theory has emerged to integrate these twin domains; instead, most extant work is conceptual in nature. Here, we introduce a formal model of cardiac active inference, which explains how ascending cardiac signals entrain exteroceptive sensory perception and uncertainty. Through simulated psychophysics, we reproduce the defensive startle reflex and commonly reported effects linking the cardiac cycle to affective behaviour. We further show that simulated ‘interoceptive lesions’ blunt affective expectations, induce psychosomatic hallucinations, and exacerbate biases in perceptual uncertainty. Through synthetic heart-rate variability analyses, we illustrate how the balance of arousal-priors and visceral prediction errors produces idiosyncratic patterns of physiological reactivity. Our model thus offers a roadmap for computationally phenotyping disordered brain-body interaction.
Journal Article