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"Levy, Thomas Evan"
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Framing archaeology in the Near East : the application of social theory to fieldwork
\"This volume presents a series of studies by scholars working in Middle Eastern archaeology who actively apply social theory to interpret their fieldwork. It aims to highlight the value of using social theory in the interpretation of field work in a region where, traditionally, such approaches have not played a major role. There are a number of factors that account for why social theory is often under-exploited by archaeologists in this part of the world. In many countries, where large numbers of the foreign archaeologists are involved, a division between those doing fieldwork and those undertaking archaeological interpretation can easily arise. Or, the lack of interest in social theory may stem from a legacy of positivism that overrides other approaches. There is also the fact that archaeology and anthropology often belong to separate academic departments and are considered two separate disciplines disconnected from each other. In some cases the centrality of historical paradigms has precluded the use of social theory. There are also divisions between universities and other research institutions, such as departments of antiquities, which is not conductive to interdisciplinary cooperation. This factor is especially debilitating in contexts of rapid destruction of sites and the exponential growth of salvage excavations and emergency surveys. The papers integrate a wide range of perspectives including 'New' or 'Processual' archaeology, Marxist, 'Post-Processual', evolutionist, cognitive, symbolic, and Cyber- archaeologies and touch on many topics including 3D representation, GIS, mapping and social theory, semiotics and linguistics, gender and bioarchaeology, social and technical identities, and modern historical modellingy and social practices\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom: new excavations and 14C dates from Khirbat en-Nahas (Jordan)
An international team of researchers show how high-precision radiocarbon dating is liberating us from chronological assumptions based on Biblical research. Surface and topographic mapping at the large copper-working site of Khirbat en-Nahas was followed by stratigraphic excavations at an ancient fortress and two metal processing facilities located on the site surface. The results were spectacular. Occupation begins here in the eleventh century BC and the monumental fortress is built in the tenth. If this site can be equated with the rise of the Biblical kingdom of Edom it can now be seen to: have its roots in local Iron Age societies; is considerably earlier than previous scholars assumed; and proves that complex societies existed in Edom long before the influence of Assyrian imperialism was felt in the region from the eighth – sixth centuries BC.
Journal Article
New insights into the Iron Age archaeology of Edom, southern Jordan : surveys, excavations, and research from the University of California, San Diego - Department of Antiquities of Jordan, Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project (ELRAP)
\"Situated south of the Dead Sea, near the famous Nabatean capital of Petra, the Faynan region in Jordan contains the largest deposits of copper ore in the southern Levant. The Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project (ELRAP) takes an anthropological archaeology approach to the deep-time study of culture change in one of the Old World's most important locales for studying technological development. Using innovative digital tools for data recording, curation, analyses and dissemination, the researchers focused on ancient mining and metallurgy as the subject of surveys and excavations related to the Iron Age (ca. 1200-500 B.C.E.), when the first local, historical state-level societies appeared in this part of the eastern Mediterranean basin. This comprehensive and important volume challenges the current scholarly consensus concerning the emergence and historicity of the Iron Age polity of biblical Edom and some of its neighbors, such as ancient Israel\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Prehistoric metalworking in the southern Levant: Archaeometallurgical and social perspectives
This paper examines some of the processes which may have led to the initial adoption of metallurgy during the Chalcolithic (ca. 4500-3200 BCE) period in ancient Palestine. An archaeometallurgical study of metal-related finds from the Negev desert demonstrates the presence of two distinct metal industries during the Chalcolithic; one for the production of tools and the other for the manufacture of prestige/cultic metal objects. A social perspective is taken to examine the role of early metal technology in culture change during this formative period.
Journal Article
The emergence of specialized pastoralism in the southern Levant
This paper investigates a number of models concerning the development of specialized pastoralism in the Old World. Hypotheses are tested by comparing a wide range of environmental variables with settlement pattern data collected along the Wadi Be'er Sheva and the lower Wadi Besor in the Negev desert of Israel. It is suggested that specialized pastoralism emerged in conjunction with local population growth and with changes in 4th millennium agro-technology.
Journal Article
You Shall Make for Yourself No Molten Gods
From an anthropological perspective, when conducting Iron Age archaeology in the southern Levant, it is essential to use the Hebrew Bible as an ethnohistorical document to penetrate the murky waters that cloud the identity of the peoples who lived in the region during the 2nd millennium b.c.e. The Bible, along with other ancient Near Eastern texts such as inscriptions, papyri, scrolls, cuneiform tablets and so on, provide the key historical data for elucidating the ethnic identity of the peoples whose material remains make up the archaeological record of the “Holy Land” (Schniedewind 2005). However, ethnicity is reflected in material culture
Book Chapter
New Evidence on Prehistoric Trade Routes: The Obsidian Evidence from Gilat, Israel
Obsidian artifacts are rare finds in prehistoric sites in Israel. The scarcity of the material and the absence of obsidian sources in Israel makes such artifacts especially important for understanding ancient exchange patterns. The closest sources of obsidian found in Israel are in the Cycladic Islands of Greece to the west and Anatolia to the north. Using neutron activation analysis (NAA), we identify the origin of seven obsidian artifacts from the Chalcolithic (ca. 4500-3500 B.C.) site of Gil at in Israel's northern Negev desert. These finds have been traced to the Nemrut Dağarea of eastern Anatolia, Göllü Dağin central Anatolia, and, most interestingly, Hotamis Dağ also in central Anatolia.
Journal Article
