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New perspectives in philosophy of education : ethics, politics and religion
\"New Perspectives in Philosophy of Education seeks to build a bridge between philosophical reflection and socio-political action by developing a range of critical discussions in the areas of ethics, politics and religion. This volume brings together established authorities and a new generation of scholars to ask whether philosophy of education can contribute to political and social discourse, or whether it is destined to remain the marginal gadfly of mainstream ideology. The philosophy of education stands in danger of becoming a neglected field at precisely the moment we need to be able to reflect upon the increasingly apparent costs of the technocratic attitude to education. While many of the educational policy discussions of recent years seem far-reaching and radical, critical debate surrounding these initiatives remain largely at a populist level. New Perspectives in Philosophy of Education provides contemporary responses to philosophical issues that bear upon educational studies, policies and practices, contributing to the debate on the role of philosophy of education in an increasingly fractured intellectual milieu\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Unsaturated or saturated dietary fat-mediated steatosis impairs hepatic regeneration following partial hepatectomy in mice
Partial hepatectomy is a preferred treatment option for many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma however, pre-existing pathological abnormalities originating from hepatic steatosis can alter the decision to perform surgery or postoperative outcomes as a consequence of the impact steatosis has on liver regeneration.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a saturated or unsaturated high fat diet-mediated steatosis on liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy.
Mice were fed a low-fat control diet (CD, 13% fat), lard-based unsaturated (LD, 60% fat) or milk-based saturated high fat diet (MD, 60% fat) for 16 weeks at which time partial hepatectomy (approx. 70% resection) was performed. At days-2 and 7 post hepatectomy, one hour prior to euthanization, mice were injected with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in order to monitor hepatic regeneration. Serum was collected and assessed for levels of ALT and AST. Resected and regenerated liver tissue were examined for inflammation-indicative markers employing RT-PCR, Western blots, and histological methods.
Mice fed LD or MD exhibited higher NAFLD scores, increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, macrophage accumulation, increased apoptosis, and elevated levels of serum ALT and AST activities, a decrease in the number of BrdU-incorporated-hepatocytes in the regenerated livers compared to the mice fed CD. Mice fed MD showed significantly lower percent of BrdU-incorporated hepatocytes and a higher trend of inflammation compared to the mice fed LD.
A diet rich in saturated or unsaturated fat results in NASH with decreased hepatic regeneration however unsaturated fat diet cause lower inflammation and higher regeneration than the saturated fat diet following partial hepatectomy in mice.
Journal Article
The Utility of Liver Biopsy in the Evaluation of Liver Disease and Abnormal Liver Function Tests
Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to assess the value of liver biopsy in the evaluation of abnormal liver tests.
Methods
We analyzed consecutive liver biopsy specimens performed for evaluation of unexplained abnormal liver tests from 2014 to 2018. Diagnoses were categorized histologically and clinically. We determined whether histologic examination led to a specific diagnosis and whether prebiopsy laboratory variables predicted the underlying etiology.
Results
Among the 383 liver biopsy specimens included, chronic hepatitis was the most common histologic (25%) and clinical (17%) diagnosis. Liver biopsy led to a clinical diagnosis in 87% of patients. The most likely clinical diagnoses were autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and drug-induced liver injury (38, 33, and 32 patients, respectively). Using sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, we found that liver tests were not predictive of a specific diagnosis. In patients with no history of liver disease or clinical features of portal hypertension, biopsy specimens revealed histologic cirrhosis in 5% of patients.
Conclusions
Histopathologic diagnoses were made in 85% of patients undergoing liver biopsy for investigation of unexplained liver tests, leading to a clinical diagnosis in 87% of patients. However, neither liver tests themselves nor their patterns were useful in predicting histologic or clinical diagnoses.
Journal Article
Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations
Volume 25 of Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations (AILR) contains eight new peer-reviewed papers highlighting key aspects of employment relations from a global perspective. Topics discussed include union organizing in an informal economy, workforce training for older workers, and right-to-work law effects on the stock market.
eBook
Utilizing multimodal mass spectrometry imaging for profiling immune cell composition and N-glycosylation across colorectal carcinoma disease progression
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a leading cause of death worldwide, often arising from specific genetic mutations, progressing from pre-cancerous adenomas to adenocarcinomas. Early detection through regular screening can result in a 90% 5-year survival rate for patients. However, unfortunately, only a fraction of CRC cases are identified at pre-invasive stages, allowing progression to occur silently over 10–15 years. The intricate interplay between the immune system and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the progression of CRC. Immune cell clusters can either inhibit or facilitate tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. To gain a better understanding of this relationship, we conducted N-glycomic profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We detected nearly 100 N-glycan species across all samples, revealing a shift in N-glycome profiles from normal to cancerous tissues, marked by a decrease in high mannose N-glycans. Further analysis of precancerous to invasive carcinomas showed an increase in pauci-mannose biantennary, and tetraantennary N-glycans with disease progression. Moreover, a distinct stratification in the N-glycome profile was observed between non-mucinous and mucinous CRC tissues, driven by pauci-mannose, high mannose, and bisecting N-glycans. Notably, we identified immune clusters of CD20 + B cells and CD3/CD44+ T cells distinctive and predictive with signature profiles of bisecting and branched N-glycans. These spatial N-glycan profiles offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets throughout the progression of CRC.
Journal Article
Protein‐losing enteropathy secondary to collagenous colitis in a 2‐year‐old
Protein‐losing enteropathy associated with collagenous colitis (CC) is a rare but described entity in the adult population. However, literature regarding this in the pediatric population is scarce. Here we describe a 2‐year‐old female who presented with fevers, accompanied by nonbloody, watery diarrhea, and decreased oral intake. Work‐up was significant for severe hypoalbuminemia at 1.5 grams per deciliter (g/dL), pancytopenia, and elevated fecal alpha‐1‐antitrypsin at 1.13 milligrams per grams (mg/g). Gastrointestinal mucosal evaluation was normal endoscopically; however, histology was consistent with CC. She responded to 12‐week treatment with budesonide with resolution of symptoms and laboratory values. At this point, she has not had a recurrence 1 year later.
Journal Article
Tissue gene expression analysis approach in a context of high technical and biological heterogeneity
Background
Immune expression profiling in colorectal lesions may provide insights into the origins of antitumor immunity and senescence. Optimal approaches for analyzing samples with lower quality RNA from molecularly diverse lesions are lacking. Therefore, we developed a NanoString nCounter-based approach for quality control (QC), normalization, and differential expression (DE) analysis, optimized for FFPE samples in contexts of high biologic heterogeneity.
Methods
The approach incorporates a colon specific positive control gene set (11 genes) to minimize sample exclusions. We evaluated three normalization methods Removal of Unwanted Variation (RUVg), NanoStringDiff (NSDiff), and nSolver using a 277 gene immune panel to compare 100 samples, including sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) (
n
= 25), tubulovillous and villous adenomas (TVs) (
n
= 27), and tubular adenomas (TAs) (
n
= 48) We assessed Type I error rates, computational efficiency, and gene significance via FDR-corrected q-values.
Results
Incorporating the colon-specific QC set reduced sample exclusions by 63% compared to standard methods (13 vs. 35 sample exclusions). All three normalization approaches identified DE genes between SSLs and TAs (e.g., TFF1, MUC5AC, MUC6). For TVs vs. TAs, only RUVg and NSDiff detected significant DE genes, revealing wide-spread under-expression of innate and adaptive genes. While NSDiff labeled twice as many significant genes as RUVg, suggesting greater sensitivity, it also exhibited higher Type I error rates and increased computational demand.
Conclusions
RUVg achieved a balance between computational efficiency and low Type I error, while NSDiff was more sensitive but computationally demanding and exhibited higher Type I error. Our approach provides a robust framework for profiling immune genes in heterogeneous lesions.
Journal Article
Relationship Between Sleep and Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring the Impact of Sleep Variability
The relationship between sleep (caregiver-reported and actigraphy-measured) and other caregiver-reported behaviors in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was examined, including the use of machine learning to identify sleep variables important in predicting anxiety in ASD.
Caregivers of ASD (
= 144) and typically developing (TD) (
= 41) participants reported on sleep and other behaviors. ASD participants wore an actigraphy device at nighttime during an 8 or 10-week non-interventional study. Mean and variability of actigraphy measures for ASD participants in the week preceding midpoint and endpoint were calculated and compared with caregiver-reported and clinician-reported symptoms using a mixed effects model. An elastic-net model was developed to examine which sleep measures may drive prediction of anxiety.
Prevalence of caregiver-reported sleep difficulties in ASD was approximately 70% and correlated significantly (
< 0.05) with sleep efficiency measured by actigraphy. Mean and variability of actigraphy measures like sleep efficiency and number of awakenings were related significantly (
< 0.05) to ASD symptom severity, hyperactivity and anxiety. In the elastic net model, caregiver-reported sleep, and variability of sleep efficiency and awakenings were amongst the important predictors of anxiety.
Caregivers report problems with sleep in the majority of children and adults with ASD. Reported problems and actigraphy measures of sleep, particularly variability, are related to parent reported behaviors. Measuring variability in sleep may prove useful in understanding the relationship between sleep problems and behavior in individuals with ASD. These findings may have implications for both intervention and monitoring outcomes in ASD.
Journal Article