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Evermann and Rönkkö (2023) have provided an excellent overview of recent findings relating to the use of Partial Least Squares (PLS). Their overall message is that if researchers decide to use PLS, they need to ensure that they follow best practices to reduce the possibility of obtaining misleading or erroneous results. We generally agree with many of the specifics of their assessment, but go further to recommend against the use of PLS. In particular, we demonstrate exactly how PLS introduces biases, arguing that the algorithm violates accepted norms for statistical inference. Our final recommendation is for the Editors-in-Chief of top IS research journals to convene a task force to assess the advisability of continuing to accept articles where PLS is used for publication in IS journals.

Automated essay scoring can produce reliable scores that are highly correlated with human scores, but is limited in its evaluation of content and other higher-order aspects of writing. The increased use of automated essay scoring in high-stakes testing underscores the need for human scoring that is focused on higher-order aspects of writing. This study experimentally evaluated several alternative procedures for eliciting distinct human scores and improving their reliability. Essays written in response to the argument and issue tasks of the Analytical Writing measure of the GRE General Test were scored by experienced raters under different conditions. Criteria for evaluation included inter-rater agreement, agreement with machine scores, and cross-task reliability. First, the use of a modified scoring rubric that focused on higher-order writing skills increased the reliability for one type of task but decreased it for another. Second, scoring in batches of similar length essays did not have any effect on scores. Third, scoring with available automated essay scores increased reliability of human scores, but also increased their similarity with automated scores. Finally, the use of a more refined 18-point scoring scale significantly increased reliability. (Verlag).

PurposeT wave inversion (TWI) is the electrical hallmark of cardiac conditions such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), which may be the substrate for sudden cardiac death in the young athlete. Such repolarization anomalies can feature on the ECG of an apparently healthy athlete and pose major diagnostic dilemmas in sports cardiology, as regular, prolonged high intensity, physical activity is associated with such repolarization changes. Athletes themselves are reluctant to detrain during the season, which makes interpreting any reversible effects of exercise on the ECG more difficult. This study aimed to investigate the effect of detraining on TWI in athletes.MethodsBetween 2013–2014, 36 professional footballers demonstrated TWI at mid-season ECG screenings (trained period). They were followed up during the “off-season” after a period of detraining (6–8 weeks). TWI was defined as −0.1 mV or greater 2 or more contiguous leads, in the anterior leads-V2-V3/4; inferior-II, III, aVF; or lateral-beyond V4 +/- aVL. Comparisons were drawn by 2 independent cardiologists, between trained and detrained ECG repolarization patterns. Every individual was subsequently investigated for an underlying cardiomyopathy.ResultsAthletes were male and aged 24.5+/-2.7 years. 27 (75%) were Afro-Caribbean and 25% Caucasian (p = 0.0141). TWI was most commonly observed in the anterior leads (n = 20, 55%), followed by inferior (n = 10, 28%) and lateral (n = 6, 17%). No Caucasian player had TWI in the lateral leads. After detraining, 16 players demonstrated resolution of anterior TWI (80%, p = 0.0293), 8 in inferior leads (80%, p = 0.2353) and 4 in the lateral leads (67%, p = 0.638) (Figure 1). All players with abnormal TWI according to consensus guidelines were comprehensively evaluated with no cardiomyopathy identified.Abstract 83 Figure 1Bar chart of anterior/inferior/lateral TWI according to trained status in Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian athletesConclusion/implicationsConvincing athletes to detrain in order to interpret repolarisation anomalies is particularly difficult, due to enthusiasm for continued participation and reluctance to stop exercising. In our cohort of athletes who did detrain during the ‘off-season’, we observed resolution of TWI in the majority of athletes (both Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian) after a relatively brief period of detraining which may be deemed a physiological phenomenon. This was statistically significant in the anterior leads. However, TWI in the inferior and/or lateral leads should always raise the suspicion of an underlying cardiomyopathy, especially if persistent after detraining.

PurposeT wave inversion (TWI) is the electrical hallmark of cardiac conditions such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), which may be the substrate for sudden cardiac death in the young athlete. Such repolarization anomalies can feature on the ECG of an apparently healthy athlete and pose major diagnostic dilemmas in sports cardiology, as regular, prolonged high intensity, physical activity is associated with such repolarization changes. Athletes themselves are reluctant to detrain during the season, which makes interpreting any reversible effects of exercise on the ECG more difficult. This study aimed to investigate the effect of detraining on TWI in athletes.MethodsBetween 2013-2014, 36 professional footballers demonstrated TWI at mid-season ECG screenings (trained period). They were followed up during the \"off-season\" after a period of detraining (6-8 weeks). TWI was defined as -0.1 mV or greater 2 or more contiguous leads, in the anterior leads-V2-V3/4; inferior-II, III, aVF; or lateral-beyond V4 +/- aVL. Comparisons were drawn by 2 independent cardiologists, between trained and detrained ECG repolarization patterns. Every individual was subsequently investigated for an underlying cardiomyopathy.ResultsAthletes were male and aged 24.5+/-2.7 years. 27 (75%) were Afro-Caribbean and 25% Caucasian (p = 0.0141). TWI was most commonly observed in the anterior leads (n = 20, 55%), followed by inferior (n = 10, 28%) and lateral (n = 6, 17%). No Caucasian player had TWI in the lateral leads. After detraining, 16 players demonstrated resolution of anterior TWI (80%, p = 0.0293), 8 in inferior leads (80%, p = 0.2353) and 4 in the lateral leads (67%, p = 0.638) (Figure 1). All players with abnormal TWI according to consensus guidelines were comprehensively evaluated with no cardiomyopathy identified.[Figure]Conclusion/implicationsConvincing athletes to detrain in order to interpret repolarisation anomalies is particularly difficult, due to enthusiasm for continued participation and reluctance to stop exercising. In our cohort of athletes who did detrain during the 'off-season', we observed resolution of TWI in the majority of athletes (both Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian) after a relatively brief period of detraining which may be deemed a physiological phenomenon. This was statistically significant in the anterior leads. However, TWI in the inferior and/or lateral leads should always raise the suspicion of an underlying cardiomyopathy, especially if persistent after detraining.

Once implemented, for example, it is easy to imagine a scenario in which leading conservative politicians and think tanks would argue that individuals will now have the “economic autonomy” with which to meet their own individual health care needs, resulting in a rapid withdrawal of funding for the NHS and social welfare, and the implementation of a US-style healthcare system. While a “basic” individual health care insurance policy might be affordable and calculated into a UBI payment, a traumatic life-changing injury or disease would push the burden of responsibility back onto the individual with no social safety net for protection beyond their personal payments. More specifically - it needs to be more comprehensive regarding how it takes care of the necessities of life. [...]we should welcome the proposal for “Universal Basic Services“ that researchers at UCL put out a few months ago.

Immunoglobulin G 3 (IgG3) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are high value scaffolds for developing novel therapies. Despite their wide-ranging therapeutic potential, IgG3 physicochemical properties and developability characteristics remain largely under-characterised. Protein-protein interactions elevate solution viscosity in high-concentration formulations impacting physico-chemical stability, manufacturability, and injectability of mAbs. Therefore, in this manuscript, the key molecular descriptors and biophysical properties of a model anti-IL-8 IgG1 and its IgG3 ortholog are characterised. A computational and experimental framework was applied to measure molecular descriptors impacting on their downstream developability. Findings from this approach underpin a detailed understanding of the molecular characteristics of IgG3 mAbs as potential therapeutic entities. This work is the first report examining the manufacturability of IgG3 for high concentration mAb formulations. While poorer conformational and colloidal stability, and elevated solution viscosity was observed for IgG3, future efforts controlling surface potential through sequence-engineering of solvent-accessible patches can be used to improve biophysical parameters that dictate mAb developability.

This paper reports the results of the deployment of Rich-State Simulated Populations at Meta for both automated and manual testing. We use simulated users (aka test users) to mimic user interactions and acquire state in much the same way that real user accounts acquire state. For automated testing, we present empirical results from deployment on the Facebook, Messenger, and Instagram apps for iOS and Android Platforms. These apps consist of tens of millions of lines of code, communicating with hundreds of millions of lines of backend code, and are used by over 2 billion people every day. Our results reveal that rich state increases average code coverage by 38\\%, and endpoint coverage by 61\\%. More importantly, it also yields an average increase of 115\\% in the faults found by automated testing. The rich-state test user populations are also deployed in a (continually evolving) Test Universe; a web-enabled simulation platform for privacy-safe manual testing, which has been used by over 21,000 Meta engineers since its deployment in November 2022.

I think it takes a special trait to be able to be that guy who'll get you that first down on third-and-1 or fourth-and-1 and who will get in the end zone on third-and-goal or fourth-and-goal. Physically, you have to have the God-given ability to get from Point A to Point B. But the mental approach makes more of a difference: 'You're not going to stop me.

Given that district trucks constantly come and go from both the Vanway and Quince transfer stations, most often running one way empty, trucks on the way to the transfer stations could be filled with compost instead of running empty, then the compost could be dumped and the now empty container...