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"Li, A"
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Groundwater modelling in arid and semi-arid areas
\"Arid and semi-arid regions face major challenges in the management of scarce freshwater resources under pressures of population, economic development, climate change, pollution and over-abstraction. Groundwater is commonly the most important water resource in these areas. Groundwater models are widely used globally to understand groundwater systems and to guide decisions on management. However, the hydrology of arid and semi-arid areas is very different from that of humid regions, and there is little guidance on the special challenges of groundwater modelling for these areas. This book brings together the experience of internationally-leading experts to fill a gap in the scientific and technical literature. It introduces state-of-the-art methods for modelling groundwater resources, illustrated with a wide-ranging set of illustrative examples from around the world. The book is valuable for researchers, practitioners in developed and developing countries, and graduate students in hydrology, hydrogeology, water resources management, environmental engineering and geography\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The fundamental advantages of temporal networks
Most networked systems of scientific interest are characterized by temporal links, meaning the network’s structure changes over time. Link temporality has been shown to hinder many dynamical processes, from information spreading to accessibility, by disrupting network paths. Considering the ubiquity of temporal networks in nature, we ask: Are there any advantages of the networks’ temporality? We use an analytical framework to show that temporal networks can, compared to their static counterparts, reach controllability faster, demand orders of magnitude less control energy, and have control trajectories, that are considerably more compact than those characterizing static networks. Thus, temporality ensures a degree of flexibility that would be unattainable in static networks, enhancing our ability to control them.
Journal Article
المتشردون : رواية
رواية جديدة بعنوان \"المتشردون\" تأليف إين لي، وترجمة الدكتور باسل المسالمة، وذلك ضمن المشروع الوطني للترجمة الذي تصدره الهيئة، المتشردون رواية صينية تصور أحداثا شهدتها الصين أثناء الثورة الثقافية التي أحدثت صدى عالميا واسعا، ربما كانت خير مدخل فني إلى معرفة تلك المرحلة شديدة التأثير في المشهد الثقافي العالمي، إنها تاريخ فني لحياة الناس العاديين في سياق الرسمي.
Book
IL6 derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes chemoresistance via CXCR7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Various factors and cellular components in the tumor microenvironment are key drivers associated with drug resistance in many cancers. Here, we analyzed the factors and molecular mechanisms involved in chemoresistance in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We found that interleukin 6 (IL6) derived mainly from cancer-associated fibroblasts played the most important role in chemoresistance by upregulating C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) expression through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/nuclear factor-κB pathway. CXCR7 knockdown resulted in the inhibition of IL6-induced proliferation and chemoresistance. In addition, CXCR7 silencing significantly decreased gene expression associated with stemness, chemoresistance and epithelial–mesenchymal transition and suppressed the proliferation ability of ESCC cells in three-dimensional culture systems and angiogenesis assay. In clinical samples, ESCC patients with high expression of CXCR7 and IL6 presented a significantly worse overall survival and progression-free survival upon receiving cisplatin after operation. These results suggest that the IL6–CXCR7 axis may provide a promising target for the treatment of ESCC.
Journal Article
ألف عام من الصلاة
هذه المجموعة، التي وصفت بأنها ثرية ومدهشة، توضح الكيفية التي تتقاطع بها الأساطير والسياسة والتاريخ والثقافة مع الشخصية لتفضي إلى قدر الإنسان ومصيره، حيث تنطلق بنا الكاتبة من قلب بكين إلى مطعم للوجبات السريعة في شيكاغو إلى الامتدادات القاحلة في منغوليا لنتابع الأقدار والمصائر، ولنكتشف عالما بقدر ما يبدو لنا مألوفا بقدر ما هو غريب عنا، ويقدم هذا كله لنا عبر نثر وحشي يفيض بالصدق الذي يتمزق معه الفؤاد.
Book
Conserved miR396b-GRF Regulation Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Responses in Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
MicroRNA396 (miR396) is a conserved microRNA family that targets growth-regulating factors (GRFs), which play significant roles in plant growth and stress responses. Available evidence justifies the idea that miR396-targeted GRFs have important functions in many plant species; however, no genome-wide analysis of the pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) miR396 gene has yet been reported. Further, its biological functions remain elusive. To uncover the regulatory roles of miR396 and its targets, the hairpin sequence of pitaya miR396b and the open reading frame (ORF) of its target, HpGRF6, were isolated from pitaya. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the precursor miR396b (MIR396b) gene of plants might be clustered into three major groups, and, generally, a more recent evolutionary relationship in the intra-family has been demonstrated. The sequence analysis indicated that the binding site of hpo-miR396b in HpGRF6 is located at the conserved motif which codes the conserved “RSRKPVE” amino acid in the Trp–Arg–Cys (WRC) region. In addition, degradome sequencing analysis confirmed that four GRFs (GRF1, c56908.graph_c0; GRF4, c52862.graph_c0; GRF6, c39378.graph_c0 and GRF9, c54658.graph_c0) are hpo-miR396b targets that are regulated by specific cleavage at the binding site between the 10th and 11th nucleotides from the 5′ terminus of hpo-miR396b. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that hpo-miR396b is down-regulated when confronted with drought stress (15% polyethylene glycol, PEG), and its expression fluctuates under other abiotic stresses, i.e., low temperature (4 ± 1 °C), high temperature (42 ± 1 °C), NaCl (100 mM), and abscisic acid (ABA; 0.38 mM). Conversely, the expression of HpGRF6 showed the opposite trend to exposure to these abiotic stresses. Taken together, hpo-miR396b plays a regulatory role in the control of HpGRF6, which might influence the abiotic stress response of pitaya. This is the first documentation of this role in pitaya and improves the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance to drought stress in this fruit.
Journal Article
فتاة الوشاح الأحمر من ذاكرة الثورة الثقافية
رواية فتاة الوشاح الأحمر من ذاكرة الثورة الثقافية في الصين كتبت بالإنكليزية عن الفتاة جي لي يانج التي كانت عام 1966 في الثانية عشرة من عمرها وطالبة متميزة ولديها كل ما تصبو إليه : الذكاء والمقدرة وإعجاب ومستقبل باهر. لكن هذا الوضع تغير مع بدء الثورة الثقافية حين صار الذكاء جريمة وحين أمسي الرفاه المادي لعائلة ما في السابق، مدعاة للاضطهاد وسلب الكرامة والمراقبة وكيل التهم الملفقة ومصادرة أثاث البيت. كذلك أهينت جي لي يانج وعائلتها طوال السنين الثلاث التي تسرد الرواية وقائعها بلغة مبسطة وكأنها شاهدة أكثر مما تمارس دور الإيحاء واللعب على مديات اللغة. عاشت عائلة الفتاة في ظل خوف دائم وتخلي أصاحبهم وجيرانهم وزملائهم عنهم لمجرد أن فلسفة الزعيم ماو الثقافية تصادر كل ما له علاقة بالقديمات الأربع ومحاسبة الأشخاص على ثراء آبائهم وتصنيف العوائل حسب وضعها الطبقي إلى سوداء عندما تتمتع بشيء من الرخاء أو كانت كذلك فيما مضى وفتح الباب أمام الطبقات الهامشية والفقراء للاستحواذ على ممتلكاتها الشخصية !
Book
Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis using hydroxyapatite measurements of the vertebral by thorax dual-energy spectral CT in postmenopausal females
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of opportunistic screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal females using the dual-energy CT(DECT)-derived hydroxyapatite (HAP) concentration and CT value of L1-vertebra. 239 consecutive postmenopausal female patients were enrolled and underwent both chest DECT and Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). According to the T-score of the 1st lumbar vertebra on DXA, patients were divided into the osteoporosis group (T
≤
− 2.5, n = 112) and non-osteoporosis group (T
>
− 2.5, n = 127). The HAP values of the 1st lumbar vertebra were measured from the coronal-view HAP(Fat)-based material decomposition(MD) images, and CT values were measured on the 75 keV monochromatic image. The cutoff values of using HAP and CT value for diagnosing osteoporosis were obtained by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Both HAP and CT value of the 1st lumbar vertebra had moderate-high correlation with bone-mineral-density measurement on DXA (HAP, r = 0.614; CT value, r = 0.625; all
p
< 0.01). The area-under-the-curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for diagnosing osteoporosis was 0.754, 0.714, 0.693, 0.68 and 0.752 using HAP (cutoff value: 142.05 mg/cm
3
) and 0.766, 0.741, 0.7, 0.685 and 0.754 using CT value (cutoff value: 132HU), respectively. HAP measurements on HAP(Fat)-based MD images in DECT could provide reasonably accurate BMD quantification for diagnosing osteoporosis in postmenopausal females. DECT prescribed for lung cancer screening could also provide opportunistic screening for osteoporosis, extending the clinical application of DECT without additional radiation to patients.
Journal Article
حكايات الطائر الأزرق : عن المختبئين في زوايا التاريخ وعلاقتهم السرية
إنه ليس تاريخا فحسب، بل حياة أيضا تفاصيل التاريخ شكل الحاضر وتكونة سرا، أراها في ابتسامه في كأس من النبيذ رائحة العشب في منتصف الليل علامات المطر على النوافذ الزجاجية. إنها ندبة طويلة ورفيعة نغمة، ضوء يومض كعينين في الظلام كل هذه الأشياء لا تزال مفعمة وتجعل الحياة حقيقة ذات مغزى في هذا الكتاب ينتقي لي جينغ تزه بعضا من النصوص التاريخية ويجمع حولها القرائن، وينسخ صورة متعددة الطبقات للماضي يحاول العثور على هؤلاء المختئبين في زوايا التاريخ وعلاقاتهم السرية، ومن مروا بالحضارة بين الشرق والغرب وطبعت آثارهم في الظل والماء يلتقط طرفا واهنا من خيط بلون الزمن فيغزله بكلماته وينفخ فيه من أدبه فيدفعك للتفكيرعما وراء هذا الخيط تماما كما يضع عينك على ثقب في باب يفضلك عن عالم متكامل لم تره، أو كنت تحسبه غير موجود فالسمكة التي تخيلها المصريون تحمل أرض مصر ليست من المعنية بذاتها، بل براعة المصريين في الصمت وفى ثقل الكلمة ومسؤوليتها، وفي حق الكلمة وواجبها.
Book
Batch effects removal for microbiome data via conditional quantile regression
Batch effects in microbiome data arise from differential processing of specimens and can lead to spurious findings and obscure true signals. Strategies designed for genomic data to mitigate batch effects usually fail to address the zero-inflated and over-dispersed microbiome data. Most strategies tailored for microbiome data are restricted to association testing or specialized study designs, failing to allow other analytic goals or general designs. Here, we develop the Conditional Quantile Regression (ConQuR) approach to remove microbiome batch effects using a two-part quantile regression model. ConQuR is a comprehensive method that accommodates the complex distributions of microbial read counts by non-parametric modeling, and it generates batch-removed zero-inflated read counts that can be used in and benefit usual subsequent analyses. We apply ConQuR to simulated and real microbiome datasets and demonstrate its advantages in removing batch effects while preserving the signals of interest.
Here, the authors present ConQuR, a conditional quantile regression method that removes microbiome batch effects through non-parametric modeling of complex microbial read counts, while preserving the signals of interest.
Journal Article