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ObjectivesPrimary health workers are crucial to the healthcare system, yet China experiences a notable shortage driven by high turnover rates. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of turnover intention among primary health workers.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary healthcare facilities across 21 cities in Guangdong province, China.ParticipantsOnline questionnaires (SurveyStar, Changsha Ranxing Science and Technology) were administered to 16 573 primary health workers in September and October 2022.Primary and secondary outcome measuresVariables measured included demographics, work-related factors, job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. Comparisons of turnover intention were made across different categorical groups, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to pinpoint influencing factors.ResultsThe average turnover intention score among participants was 10.49±2.93. Notable positive correlations included those with male gender, single marital status, leadership positions and roles as public health physicians. Emotional exhaustion correlated positively (β=0.108), while job satisfaction showed a significant negative correlation (β=−0.154). Other negative influential factors were observed with tenure lengths of 6–10 years, 11–15 years and ≥16 years, as well as with senior professional titles, lower salary levels and perceptions of fair compensation.ConclusionsTurnover intention is notably prevalent among primary healthcare workers, with emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction identified as primary determinants. Salary, payment justice in compensation and tenure also significantly influence turnover intention. Based on the above analysis, a series of intervention measures can be expectedly unveiled to reduce the turnover intention of primary health workers and maintained the steady development of basic medical resources.

Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine due to their multipotency, immunomodulatory properties, and ease of procurement. Despite extensive preclinical research, the clinical translation of ADSCs remains fragmented, with challenges in standardization, reproducibility, and evidence synthesis. Objective This scoping review, complemented by bibliometric analysis, aims to map the landscape of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ADSC therapies, identify gaps between basic research and clinical translation, and highlight emerging trends in the field. Methods A systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, EudraCT, and ChiCTR database (2009–2025) identified 82 RCTs. Bibliometric analysis of preclinical studies was conducted using VoSviewer to visualize keyword clusters and temporal trends. Data on trial characteristics, endpoints, and translational challenges were extracted and synthesized. Results The 82 included RCTs spanned 17 medical specialties, with orthopedics (26.8%), dermatology (14.6%), and neurology (9.7%) being the most studied. Spain (21.95%) and China (18.29%) and the USA (15.85%) led trial numbers, but 97% were single-country studies with a median sample size of 40. Primary endpoints trends from safety to efficacy. Bibliometric analysis revealed three clusters: stem cell sources and basic biology, orthopedic applications, and tissue regeneration mechanisms. Key gaps included protocol heterogeneity (e.g., isolation methods, cryopreservation variability), regulatory fragmentation, limited long-term follow-up, and inconsistent clinical outcomes, particularly in neurology. Emerging trends highlighted the therapeutic potential of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and ADSC-derived exosomes. Conclusions While ADSCs demonstrate significant therapeutic potential, clinical translation is hindered by standardization deficits and mechanistic knowledge gaps. Future research should prioritize international collaboration, large-scale trials, and mechanistic studies to optimize ADSC therapies. Innovations in SVF and exosome-based treatments represent promising avenues for advancing regenerative medicine. Trial registry This scoping review was preregistered at OSF platform: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YKHW3 .

The accurate estimation of time‐to‐collision (TTC) is essential for the survival of organisms. Previous studies have revealed that the emotional properties of approaching stimuli can influence the estimation of TTC, indicating that approaching threatening stimuli are perceived to collide with the observers earlier than they actually do, and earlier than non‐threatening stimuli. However, not only are threatening stimuli more negative in valence, but they also have higher arousal compared to non‐threatening stimuli. Up to now, the effect of arousal on TTC estimation remains unclear. In addition, inconsistent findings may result from the different experimental settings employed in previous studies. To investigate whether the underestimation of TTC is attributed to threat or high arousal, three experiments with the same settings were conducted. In Experiment 1, the underestimation of TTC estimation of threatening stimuli was replicated when arousal was not controlled, in comparison to non‐threatening stimuli. In Experiments 2 and 3, the underestimation effect of threatening stimuli disappeared when compared to positive stimuli with similar arousal. These findings suggest that being threatening alone is not sufficient to explain the underestimation effect, and arousal also plays a significant role in the TTC estimation of approaching stimuli. Further studies are required to validate the effect of arousal on TTC estimation, as no difference was observed in Experiment 3 between the estimated TTC of high and low arousal stimuli.

Based on 10 multidisciplinary investigations conducted from February 2015 to January 2016, the phytoplankton community and its association with ambient seawater physicochemical parameters in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary (CE) and its adjacent waters were comprehensively examined. In total, 265 taxa were identified, belonging to 5 phyla and 94 genera. Diatoms (63.78%) and dinoflagellates (33.21%) were the dominant groups. The variation of diatom abundance showed a positive relationship with the nutrient concentrations while the dinoflagellate abundance showed a negative relationship. Two algal bloom events occurred during the investigation period. The Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) induced environmental gradients in the upper layer, favoring the diatom bloom in July. The invasion of the nearshore Kuroshio branch current could affect the formation of a bloom of Prorocentrum donghaiense . With the blooming and senescence of phytoplankton, low dissolved oxygen (DO) and hypoxia occurred in the bottom waters. The bottom DO concentration displayed a significantly negative correlation with phytoplankton carbon flux. The present study provides straightforward evidence for the source of organic matter for oxygen consumption in the CE and its adjacent waters.

Atmospheric particulate pollution is one of the most common pollution related issues and poses a serious threat to human health. PM2.5 and PM10 are important indicators of atmospheric particulate pollution currently. Based on the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, the hourly 72 h backward trajectory of particulate matter in Xi’an from March 2019 to February 2022 was calculated, and the main path of air flow to Xi’an was studied by cluster analysis. Combined with hourly concentration monitoring data of PM2.5 and PM10 at each station, the potential source area of particles in Xi’an was calculated by potential source contribution factor analysis and concentration weighted trajectory analysis. The results show that Xi’an was most polluted in winter, followed by autumn and spring, and cleanest in the summer. The annual average mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 are 48.5 ± 28.7 μg/m3 and 89.2 ± 39.2 μg/m3, respectively, both exceeding the national secondary standard for ambient air quality. On an annual basis, back-trajectory analysis showed that predominantly transport was rapid from the northwest (44%). Transport from the other sectors were 24%, 19%, and 14% from the northeast, southeast, and southwest, respectively, and featured lower windspeeds on average. The potential source areas of particulate matter in Xi’an in the spring are mainly located at the junction of Chongqing, Hunan, and Hubei, and parts of the southeast and north of Sichuan. This study provides context for air quality and atmospheric transport conditions in this region of China.

Global estuarine hypoxia is among the most acute environmental issues, yet the recognition of hypoxia variability remains patchy. The Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary (CE) is well known as one of the largest estuarine hypoxic systems. However, the mechanisms controlling the spatial variability and heterogeneity of summer hypoxia have been rarely examined in this region. Based on observational data in the summer of 2013, the essential linkages between physical-biogeochemical processes and spatial variability of hypoxia were revealed off the CE. The hypoxia generally occurred in a transitional region off the CE, presenting to be spatially variable and heterogeneous in its distribution and intensity. The river plume, stratification, front, upwelling and localized high phytoplankton biomass combine to shape the spatial morphology and scope of hypoxia. The spatial heterogeneity of hypoxic magnitude in horizontal direction is mainly regulated by the intensity variability of stratification and phytoplankton blooms. The position of bottom front formed by the offshore Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) and coastal water under tidal mixing controls the shoreward boundary of hypoxic zone, while the river plume front-dominated outer edge of phytoplankton blooms in upper layers plays a role in determining the seaward limit of the reach of bottom hypoxia. The stratification depth controlled by the upwelling and river plume governs the upper limit of the top reach of hypoxia, and shapes the vertical morphology of hypoxic zone. We contextualize the role of physical-biogeochemical drivers to the spatially variable hypoxia in a conceptual diagram. The findings would considerably contribute to our understanding of the spatially variable hypoxia in river plume-upwelling-front coupled estuarine systems, providing a sound basis for prediction and simulation under anticipated future conditions.

While prokaryotes play key roles in nutrient cycling and energy flow during Phaeocystis globosa blooms, the information on the spatial and diel temporal distribution of the prokaryotic community during Phaeocystis blooms remains scarce. In January 2019, we used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to explore the spatial and diel variations of particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) prokaryotic communities during the blooming phase of P. globosa in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi, China. The results suggested a significant spatial variation pattern in the horizontal distribution of prokaryotic communities, while there was no significant difference in the vertical direction. Both spatial distance and environmental variables shaped the horizontal distribution of the prokaryotic community structure, while environmental variables, particularly the abundance of P. globosa colony and Chl a , showed more significant influence and were closely related to the structure and variation of the prokaryotic community. Strong vertical mixing of the water column disrupted the vertical structure heterogeneity of the prokaryotic community in winter. There were significant differences in the diel samples of PA prokaryotic communities, but not in the FL prokaryotic communities. Nitrate, ammonium and the abundance of P. globosa colony were the key environmental variables impacting the diel variations of prokaryotic communities over the sampling period. The present study provided valuable information to depict the spatial-temporal variations of the microbial community and its association with environmental parameters during P. globosa bloom in the tropical gulf.

The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium is an infectious pathogen that causes severe enzootic in numerous economically important marine crustaceans worldwide. Previous research has focused on investigating the identification and life stages of Hematodinium parasites, while the parasite abundance and tissue proliferation process of Hematodinium in naturally infected crustacean hosts need to be further studied. In the present study, the tissue tropisms and intensity of H. perezi were investigated in the naturally infected Chinese swimming crabs Portunus trituberculatus by both the qualitative (hemolymph assay, histology) and quantitative analysis (cell count, quantitative PCR). The results showed that in P. trituberculatus with infection level I (4 ± 2 parasites in 200× microscopic field), filamentous trophonts were observed in the hemolymph and stomach tissues, with the average parasite number and ITS 1 copy number of H. perezi quantitatively detected in hemolymph (1.0 × 102 parasites/mL) and stomach tissues (1.7 × 103 cells/g), respectively. H. perezi trophonts were observed in the hemolymph (4.3 × 104 parasites/mL) and exhibited broad distribution in multiple tissues with its highest abundance of H. perezi in pereiopod muscles (1.1 × 104 cells/g) followed by that in stomach (4.8 × 103 cells/g) in P. trituberculatus with infection level II (80 ± 10 parasites in 200× microscopic field). In P. trituberculatus with infection level III (200 ± 35 parasites in 200× microscopic field), a high abundance of H. perezi sporoblasts was found in the hemolymph (3.1 × 107 parasites/mL) and all of the other examined tissues, with its highest abundance detected in pereiopod muscles (3.5 × 104 cells/g). In addition, the number of host’s hemocytes was significantly decreased during the Hematodinium infection. This study provides a comprehensive quantitative characterization of the tissue distribution and abundance of H. perezi in its natural crab host which will contribute to better understanding of the crustacean host–Hematodinium interactions.

Phytoplankton are central components of marine environments, and are major players in the production and respiration budgeting. However, their diversity and distribution patterns are still poorly understood due largely to their small sizes and inconspicuous morphology that have been determined via the application of traditional morphology methods over the past two decades. To better understand the composition and diversity of phytoplankton in Jiaozhou Bay, China, seasonal sampling was carried out in 2019 and samples were analyzed with morphological observations and high-throughput sequencing, from which obvious seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition and proportional abundances were uncovered. Metabarcoding revealed far more diversity and species richness of phytoplankton than morphological observations, especially with respect to dinoflagellates. Diatoms were the most dominant phytoplankton group throughout the year, of which Thalassionema and Skeletonema were co-dominant in the bay. Parasitic dinoflagellates (e.g. Amoebophrya ), which is often overlooked in the morphological observations, were in dominance and high diversity in the metabarcoding dataset, thus more attention should be paid to exploring the potential role of parasitic dinoflagellates. Temperature, chlorophyll a , and nutrient levels were the main influential factors on the distribution of phytoplankton. This study provided a comprehensive morphological and molecular description of phytoplankton and clearly demonstrated the importance of molecular technology in exploring phytoplankton communities. More-widespread use of molecular technology will facilitate deeper understanding of the ecological importance of the different species.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are common disastrous ecological anomalies in coastal waters. An effective algae monitoring approach is important for natural disaster warning and environmental governance. However, conducting rapid and sensitive detection of multiple algae is still challenging. Here, we designed an ultrasensitive, rapid and portable double-layer microfluidic biochip for the simultaneous quantitative detection of six species of algae. Specific DNA probes based on the 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) gene fragments of HABs were designed and labeled with the fluorescent molecule cyanine-3 (Cy3). The biochip had multiple graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets-based reaction units, in which GO nanosheets were applied to transfer target DNA to the fluorescence signal through a photoluminescence detection system. The entire detection process of multiple algae was completed within 45 min with the linear range of fluorescence recovery of 0.1 fM–100 nM, and the detection limit reached 108 aM. The proposed approach has a simple detection process and high detection performance and is feasible to conduct accurate detection with matched portable detection equipment. It will have promising applications in marine natural disaster monitoring and environmental care.