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Background Felid herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a major pathogenic agent of upper respiratory tract infections and eye damage in felines worldwide. Current FHV-1 vaccines offer limited protection of short duration, and therefore, do not reduce the development of clinical signs or the latency of FHV-1. Methods To address these shortcomings, we constructed FHV ∆gIgE-eGFP, FHV ∆TK mCherry, and FHV ∆gIgE/TK eGFP-mCherry deletion mutants (ΔgI/gE, ΔTK, and ΔgIgE/TK, respectively) using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISP-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system (CRISPR/Cas9), which showed safety and immunogenicity in vitro. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the deletion mutants administered with intranasal (IN) and IN + subcutaneous (SC) vaccination protocols. Cats in the vaccination group were vaccinated twice at a 4-week interval, and all cats were challenged with infection 3 weeks after the last vaccination. The cats were assessed for clinical signs, nasal shedding, and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VN), and with postmortem histological testing. Results Vaccination with the gI/gE-deleted and gI/gE/TK-deleted mutants was safe and resulted in significantly lower clinical disease scores, fewer pathological changes, and less nasal virus shedding after infection. All three mutants induced virus-neutralizing antibodies after immunization. Conclusions In conclusion, this study demonstrates the advantages of FHV-1 deletion mutants in preventing FHV-1 infection in cats.

Objectives Neurovascular compression (NVC) produces morphological changes on the trigeminal nerve root is considered the cause of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), but there were some patients with TN found no NVC, and also NVC was found in asymptomatic individuals. Many studies found tight relationships of TN and morphological structures of trigeminal nerve. We designed this study to explore the correlation between multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) trigeminal nerve angulation (TNA) and TN. Methods Patients with classical symptoms of TN were recruited as observation group (OG) in this study, 50 healthy controls were enrolled as control group (CG), the OG was further subtyped into young patients (YP), middle-aged patients (MP) and old patients (OP) based to the onset age of symptoms, and also divided into patients with or without trigger maneuvers (TM) based on the presence of TM or not. All the participants underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examinations in same device, bilateral TNA measurements were carried out in OG and CG, then TNA was compared between different groups or subgroups. All images were interpreted by two radiologists who were blinded to the study, diagnosis of TN was made by two senior neurosurgery professors. Result Ultimately, 95 patients with primary TN were recruited in OG, aged from 25 to 84 (61.15 ± 12.70) years with a course of 0.5 to 30 (5.03 ± 5.41) years, their onset age ranged from 24 to 82 (56.13 ± 11.98) years. There were 34 males and 61 females in OG, and 58 cases involved right side. The CG aged from 22 to 85 (61.86 ± 13.03) years. No statistical difference was found between the age of OG and CG( p  = 0.76), and also the bilateral TNA of CG (154.92 ± 16.90° vs 155.55 ± 17.03°, p  > 0.05), while TNA of OG was significantly smaller than CG (150.78 ± 11.29° vs 155.24 ± 16.88°, p  = 0.019). In OG, TNA on the affected side was significantly smaller than the unaffected side (149.29 ± 12.44° vs 152.27 ± 9.85°, p  = 0.014). TNA showed a positive correlation with onset age of patients with TN, as TNA on the affected side of YP was significantly smaller than MP and OP (139.00 ± 11.64° vs 148.86 ± 11.54°, 139.00 ± 11.64° vs 152.18 ± 12.61°, p  = 0.004 and 0.026). Furthermore, patients with TM showed smaller TNA than those without TM (147.05 ± 11.30° vs 164.75 ± 8.39°, p  < 0.001). Conclusions This study suggested that TNA might play a role in TN, small TNA could be a risk factor of TN. Furthermore, patients with small TNA are more likely to combine with TM, but more studies are needed to explore the exact role of TNA in TN.

Background Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is a rare arterial anastomosis between the basilar artery (BA) and internal carotid artery (ICA). It plays an indispensable role in a number of neurological disorders, including trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Case presentation We report a unique case of a 58-year-old Han female patient with TN caused by PTA associated with craniosynostosis. Preoperative three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D-TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) and 3D constructive inference in steady state (3D-CISS) imaging showed that the PTA run though Meckel’s cave. Complete pain relief was immediately achieved after microvascular decompression (MVD), without facial numbness and other complications. No recurrence was recorded at the 1-year follow up. Conclusions Microvascular decompression is a feasible option for the treatment of complex TN combined with other abnormalities. For patients deemed suitable for percutaneous balloon compression, PTA should be ruled out. Preoperative 3D-TOF and 3D-CISS MR imaging were essential to identify PTA neurovascular conflicts.

Certain quantum states are well-known to be particularly fragile in the presence of decoherence, as illustrated by Schrodinger's famous gedanken cat experiment. It has been better appreciated more recently that quantum states can be characterized in a hierarchy of quantum quantities such entanglement, quantum correlations, and quantum coherence. It has been conjectured that each of these quantities have various degrees of fragility in the presence of decoherence. Here we experimentally confirm this conjecture by preparing tripartite photonic states and subjecting them to controlled amounts of dephasing. When the dephasing is applied to all the qubits, we find that the entanglement is the most fragile quantity, followed by the quantum coherence, then mutual information. This is in agreement with the widely held expectation that multipartite quantum correlations are a highly fragile manifestation of quantumness. We also perform dephasing on one out of the three qubits on star and \\( W \\bar{W} \\) states. Here the distribution of the correlations and coherence in the state becomes more important in relation to the dephasing location.

Background Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal plants with high medicinal value. Gibberellins are growth-promoting phytohormones that regulate numerous growth and developmental processes in plants. However, their role on the secondary metabolism regulation has not been investigated. Results In this study, we found that gibberellic acid (GA) can promote hairy roots growth and increase the contents of tanshinones and phenolic acids. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed that many genes involved in the secondary metabolism pathway were the GA-responsive. After further analysis of GA signaling pathway genes, which their expression profiles have significantly changed, it was found that the GRAS transcription factor family had a significant response to GA. We identified 35 SmGRAS genes in S. miltiorrhiza , which can be divided into 10 subfamilies. Thereafter, members of the same subfamily showed similar conserved motifs and gene structures, suggesting possible conserved functions. Conclusions Most SmGRAS genes were significantly responsive to GA, indicating that they may play an important role in the GA signaling pathway, also participating in the GA regulation of root growth and secondary metabolism in S. miltiorrhiza .

Xiaoer lianhuaqinqgan (XELH), developed based on Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) prescription, contains 13 traditional Chinese medicines. It has completed the investigational new drug application to treat respiratory viral infections in children in China. This study demonstrates the pharmacological effects of XELH against viral pneumonia. The antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of XELH were investigated in vitro using H3N2-infected A549 and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in vivo using BALB/c mice models of influenza A virus (H3N2) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infection. Mice were divided into 7 groups (n = 20): Control, Model, LHQW (0.5 g/kg), XELH-low (2 g/kg), XELH-medium (4 g/kg), XELH-high (8 g/kg), and positive drug (20 mg/kg oseltamivir or 60 mg/kg ribavirin) groups. The anti-inflammatory effects of XELH were tested in a rat model of LPS-induced fever and a mouse model of xylene-induced ear edoema. In vitro, XELH inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines and replication of H1N1, H3N2, H1N1, FluB, H9N2, H6N2, H7N3, RSV, and HCoV-229E viruses, with (IC 50 47.4, 114, 79, 250, 99.2, 170, 79, 62.5, and 93 μg/mL, respectively). In vivo, XELH reduced weight loss and lung index, inhibited viral replication and macrophage M1 polarization, ameliorated lung damage, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in lung tissues, and increased the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio. XELH inhibited LPS-induced fever in rats and xylene-induced ear edoema in mice. XELH efficacy partially depends on integrated immunoregulatory effects. XELH is a promising therapeutic option against childhood respiratory viral infections.

is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicinal plants because of its excellent performance in treating heart diseases. Tanshinones and phenolic acids are two important classes of effective metabolites, and their biosynthesis has attracted widespread interest. Here, we functionally characterized SmGRAS1 and SmGRAS2, two GRAS family transcription factors from . were highly expressed in the root periderm, where tanshinones mainly accumulated in . Overexpression of upregulated tanshinones accumulation and downregulated GA, phenolic acids contents, and root biomass. However, antisense expression of reduced the tanshinones accumulation and increased the GA, phenolic acids contents, and root biomass. The expression patterns of biosynthesis genes were consistent with the changes in compounds accumulation. GA treatment increased tanshinones, phenolic acids, and GA contents in the overexpression lines, and restored the root growth inhibited by overexpressing . Subsequently, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed SmGRAS1 promoted tanshinones biosynthesis by directly binding to the GARE motif in the promoter and activating its expression. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed SmGRAS1 interacted physically with SmGRAS2. Taken together, the results revealed that SmGRAS1/2 acted as repressors in root growth and phenolic acids biosynthesis but as positive regulators in tanshinones biosynthesis. Overall, our findings revealed the potential value of SmGRAS1/2 in genetically engineering changes in secondary metabolism.

Composite materials are increasingly used in civil aircraft, where there is water accumulation in the lower panel for special reasons, some of which can enter the interior of the cap-type stringers. The accumulated water inside the stringer undergoes a change of liquid-solid–liquid on each flight, and the thermal expansion and cold contraction caused by ice can have a stripping effect on the co-bonded interface of the stringer to the skin, which potentially causes delamination of the co-bonded interface of the stringer to skin and affects the flight safety. In this paper, the cap-type stringer structure of a common composite fuselage is used as an example to study the reciprocating change process of water in the stringer from liquid to solid. When the total number of cycles exceeds one time the flight life of 34000 cycles, there is some problem with whether the co-bonded interface of the stringer to skin exists the phenomenon of debonding. Due to physical freezing, melting, and the longer test cycle, establishing a similar finite element model is considered after completing appropriate physical tests. The physical change process is usually translated into the mechanical loading test to accelerate the test schedule. The test results showed that the loads from the thermal expansion and cold contraction caused by ice were very small, which caused no delamination of the stringer and the skin and had no effect on flight safety.

Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal plants with high medicinal value. Gibberellins are growth-promoting phytohormones that regulate numerous growth and developmental processes. However, their role in regulating secondary metabolism has not been investigated. Results: In this study, we found that GA can promote hairy roots growth and increase the content of tanshinones and phenolic acids. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that secondary metabolism pathway genes were enriched in the GA-responded. After further analysis of the changes of GA signaling pathway genes, it was found that the GRAS transcription factors family had a significant response to GA. We identified 35 SmGRAS genes in S. miltiorrhiza. SmGRAS genes can be divided into ten subfamilies in which members of the same subfamily showed similar conserved motifs and gene structures, suggesting the possible conserved functions. Conclusions: Most SmGRAS genes are significantly responsive to GA, indicating that they may play an important role in the GA signaling pathway and participate in GA regulation of root growth and secondary metabolism in S. miltiorrhiza.