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جغرافية الصين
ألف كتاب (جغرافيا الصين) السيد تشينغ بينغ. فإذا كنت من الراغبين في معرفة وفهم الصين، فيجب أن تبدأ بفهم ومعرفة جغرافيا الصين. ويعد كتاب (جغرافيا الصين) أحد الكتيبات التي ترتبط بجغرافيا الصين، وهو مخصص لهؤلاء الأجانب المهتمين بمعرفة الصين، حيث يقوم الكتاب بعرض نبذة مختصرة عن التقسيمات الجغرافية للصين والحقائق الجغرافية الأساسية لكافة المناطق الصينية. وبعد قراءة هذا الكتاب، سوف يتشكل لديك فهم شامل جديد عن الصين-تلك الدولة التي تقع في الشرق الأقصى.
BOOK
Task Scheduling Based on a Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm for Smart Production Line with Fog Computing
Fog computing provides computation, storage and network services for smart manufacturing. However, in a smart factory, the task requests, terminal devices and fog nodes have very strong heterogeneity, such as the different task characteristics of terminal equipment: fault detection tasks have high real-time demands; production scheduling tasks require a large amount of calculation; inventory management tasks require a vast amount of storage space, and so on. In addition, the fog nodes have different processing abilities, such that strong fog nodes with considerable computing resources can help terminal equipment to complete the complex task processing, such as manufacturing inspection, fault detection, state analysis of devices, and so on. In this setting, a new problem has appeared, that is, determining how to perform task scheduling among the different fog nodes to minimize the delay and energy consumption as well as improve the smart manufacturing performance metrics, such as production efficiency, product quality and equipment utilization rate. Therefore, this paper studies the task scheduling strategy in the fog computing scenario. A task scheduling strategy based on a hybrid heuristic (HH) algorithm is proposed that mainly solves the problem of terminal devices with limited computing resources and high energy consumption and makes the scheme feasible for real-time and efficient processing tasks of terminal devices. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed strategy achieves superior performance compared to other strategies.
Journal Article
الأدوات البرونزية للصين
يعتبر ظهور الأدوات البرونزية قفزة مهمة في تاريخ الحضارة الإنسانية. وعلي الرغم من أن العصر البرونزي في الصين لم يكن الأول في تاريخ البشرية، ولكن الأدوات البرونزية في الصين القديمة قد احتلت مكانة فريدة في تاريخ الحضارة العالمية اعتمادا علي أنواعها المتنوعة وأنماطها الغنية وعملية السبك الدقيقة والدلالة التاريخية والثقافية العميقة التي يحملها كل عمل برونزي في الصين القديمة. وهذا الكتاب الذي بين يدي القارئ الكريم يعرفن بلغة واضحة وحية وبالشرح والصور على أحد اوجه الثقافة والفنون الصينية الشهيرة والتي هي ثقافة البرونز الرائعة في الصين القديمة، فمن خلال قطعة من القطع البرونزية الثمينة يمكننا أن نستمع إلي صوت العصر البرونزي من أماكن بعيدة وتجربة أسلوب فريد من نوعه في ذلك العصر الذي مازالت أسراره بعيدة عن متناول القارئ العربي والتي نحاول من خلال هذا الكتاب أن نقدمها بشكل موجز وواضح لننقل للقارئ الكريم وجها جديدا عليه من أوجه الحضارة الصينية المتميزة.
Book
ADAR1 Editing and its Role in Cancer
It is well established that somatic mutations and escape of immune disruption are two essential factors in cancer initiation and progression. With an increasing number of second-generation sequencing data, transcriptomic modifications, so called RNA mutations, are emerging as significant forces that drive the transition from normal cell to malignant tumor, as well as providing tumor diversity to escape an immune attack. Editing of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) in double-stranded RNA, catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), is one dynamic modification that in a combinatorial manner can give rise to a very diverse transcriptome. Since the cell interprets inosine as guanosine (G), A-to-I editing can result in non-synonymous codon changes in transcripts as well as yield alternative splicing, but also affect targeting and disrupt maturation of microRNAs. ADAR-mediated RNA editing is essential for survival in mammals, however, its dysregulation causes aberrant editing of its targets that may lead to cancer. ADAR1 is commonly overexpressed, for instance in breast, lung, liver and esophageal cancer as well as in chronic myelogenous leukemia, where it promotes cancer progression. It is well known that ADAR1 regulates type I interferon (IFN) and its induced gene signature, which are known to operate as a significant barrier to tumor formation and progression. Adding to the complexity, ADAR1 expression is also regulated by IFN. In this review, we discussed the regulatory mechanisms of ADAR1 during tumorigenesis through aberrant editing of specific substrates. Additionally, we hypothesized that elevated ADAR1 levels play a role in suppressing an innate immunity response in cancer cells.
Journal Article
الاقتصاد الصيني
طوال 30 عاما من التطور المستمر السريع منذ تطبيق سياسة الإصلاح والانفتاح، حقق الاقتصاد الصيني إنجازات جذبت أنظار العالم وأصبحت ثالث كيان اقتصادي في العالم وما زالت المكانة الدولية للصين ترتقي من يوم إلى يوم عندما اندلعت الأزمة المالية الآسيوية في عام 1997، ظهرت على الصين \"صورة الدولة الكبرى المسئولة\" فلم يتمالك العالم أن يلفت أنظاره إلى الصين وينتظر الصين إذا، لماذا ينتظر العالم الصين ؟ هل سيواصل الاقتصاد الصيني نموه أم سيتوقف دون تقدم ؟ ما أسرار نجاح الاقتصاد الصيني ؟ هل تستطيع الصين أن تصبح دولة غنية، منسجمة وديمقراطية ؟ ما الإسهامات التي تستطيع الصين تقديمها لاقتصاد العالم ؟ كل هذه الأسئلة سيجيب عليها المؤلف في هذا الكتاب بشكل مبسط.
BOOK
From Criticism and Rejection to Sino-Western Communication: The Evolution of Zheng Guanying’s Understanding of the Spread of Christianity in China
Zheng Guanying paid close attention to the issue of the spread of Christianity in China since his youth. Over a period of more than three decades, he produced five monographs specifically addressing Christianity, from unequivocally opposing the spread of Christianity in China in the mid-to-late 1870s, to advocating for the adoption of the preaching form of the Christian “gatherings every seven days” to disseminate the village covenants and sacred edicts among the Chinese people in the 1890s. He proposed that the Chinese people should hold the right to spread Christianity. In 1906, he advocated for the establishment of a “common religion” and proposed “one religion for all nations” to eliminate wars around the world. In his later years, he proposed the “Five great wishes” to integrate and govern the various religions of the world with Taoism as the core, attempting to reconstruct global order from the perspective of religious unity. He envisioned the establishment of a sacred Taoist monastery, the dissemination of religious concepts, and the cultivation of talents, which drew on the organizational structure and missionary methods of Christianity, reflecting the thinking and efforts of modern Chinese intellectuals to bridge the Chinese and Western civilizations, seek solutions for modern China, reconcile conflicts between China and the West, and pursue global unity.
Journal Article
الاقتصاد الصيني
طوال 30 عاما من التطور المستمر السريع منذ تطبيق سياسة الإصلاح والانفتاح حقق الاقتصاد الصيني إنجازات جذبت أنظار العالم وأصبحت ثالث كيان اقتصادي في العالم وما زالت المكانة الدولية للصين ترتقي من يوم إلى يوم عندما اندلعت الأزمة المالية الآسيوية في عام 1997 ظهرت على الصين \"صورة الدولة الكبرى المسئولة\" فلم يتمالك العالم أن يلفت أنظاره إلى الصين وينتظر الصين إذا لماذا ينتظر العالم الصين ؟ هل سيواصل الاقتصاد الصيني نموه أم سيتوقف دون تقدم ؟ ما أسرار نجاح الاقتصاد الصيني ؟ هل تستطيع الصين أن تصبح دولة غنية منسجمة وديمقراطية ؟ ما الإسهامات التي تستطيع الصين تقديمها لاقتصاد العالم ؟ سيجيب هذا الكتاب عن هذه الأسئلة بشكل مبسط.
BOOK
The expanding role of prodrugs in contemporary drug design and development
Prodrugs are molecules with little or no pharmacological activity that are converted to the active parent drug in vivo by enzymatic or chemical reactions or by a combination of the two. Prodrugs have evolved from being serendipitously discovered or used as a salvage effort to being intentionally designed. Such efforts can avoid drug development challenges that limit formulation options or result in unacceptable biopharmaceutical or pharmacokinetic performance, or poor targeting. In the past 10 years, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved at least 30 prodrugs, which accounts for more than 12% of all approved small-molecule new chemical entities. In this Review, we highlight prodrug design strategies for improved formulation and pharmacokinetic and targeting properties, with a focus on the most recently marketed prodrugs. We also discuss preclinical and clinical challenges and considerations in prodrug design and development.
Journal Article
الطبيعة
إن الرموز الصينية هي أحد أهم معالم اللغة الصينية فهي تعد بالأمر الغريب على كل من هو مبتدئ فى دراسة اللغة ونظرا لكثرة الرموز والتي يتجاوز عددها أكثر من 6000 رمز وهذا يجعل عملية حفظ الرموز شبه مستحيلة ولكن هذه السلسلة الفريدة والأولى من نوعها المترجمة إلى العربية التي تحكي قصة تطور الرمز بدءا من نقشه على عظام السلاحف والألواح النحاسية وبعد انتهائك من هذه السلسلة لن يقف أمامك أي رمز وستتمكن من حفظ وكتابه الرموز بشكل محترف.
Book
Bioactive Materials Promote Wound Healing through Modulation of Cell Behaviors
Skin wound repair is a multistage process involving multiple cellular and molecular interactions, which modulate the cell behaviors and dynamic remodeling of extracellular matrices to maximize regeneration and repair. Consequently, abnormalities in cell functions or pathways inevitably give rise to side effects, such as dysregulated inflammation, hyperplasia of nonmigratory epithelial cells, and lack of response to growth factors, which impedes angiogenesis and fibrosis. These issues may cause delayed wound healing or even non‐healing states. Current clinical therapeutic approaches are predominantly dedicated to preventing infections and alleviating topical symptoms rather than addressing the modulation of wound microenvironments to achieve targeted outcomes. Bioactive materials, relying on their chemical, physical, and biological properties or as carriers of bioactive substances, can affect wound microenvironments and promote wound healing at the molecular level. By addressing the mechanisms of wound healing from the perspective of cell behaviors, this review discusses how bioactive materials modulate the microenvironments and cell behaviors within the wounds during the stages of hemostasis, anti‐inflammation, tissue regeneration and deposition, and matrix remodeling. A deeper understanding of cell behaviors during wound healing is bound to promote the development of more targeted and efficient bioactive materials for clinical applications. Bioactive materials with specific chemical, physical, and biological properties or as the carriers of bioactive cargoes, regulate wound microenvironments and promote wound healing effectively, which work through modulation of cell behaviors and dynamic remodeling of extracellular matrices during the stages of hemostasis, anti‐inflammation, tissue regeneration and deposition, and matrix remodeling, providing an emerging modality for clinical wound therapy.
Journal Article