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Background Accumulating evidence has highlighted the importance of microglial and astrocyte responses in the pathological development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). However, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Methods A perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) mouse model was generated by administering etomidate, and cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents were recorded to analyze neuronal activity. In addition, microglia and astrocytes were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting, and genes that were activated in these cells were identified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results We observed dramatic cognitive impairment at 1 and 3 weeks after etomidate was administered to 18 month-old mice. Microglia and astrocytes isolated from the hippocampus showed significant microglial activation during the early pathological stage (i.e., 1 week after etomidate injection) and an A1-specific astrocyte response during the late pathological stage (i.e., 3 weeks after etomidate injection). Furthermore, when microglia were eliminated before etomidate was injected, the A1-specific astrocyte activation response was significantly reduced, and cognitive function improved. However, when microglia were eliminated after etomidate application, astrocyte activation and cognitive function were not significantly altered. In addition, activating microglia immediately after a sedative dose of etomidate was injected markedly increased A1-specific astrocyte activation and cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions A1-specific astrocyte activation is triggered by activated microglia during the initial pathological stage of PND and induces long-term synaptic inhibition and cognitive deficiencies. These results improve our understanding of how PND develops and may suggest therapeutic targets.

To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway in bariatric surgery. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, OVID, World Health Organization International Trial Register, and Cochrane Library identifying all eligible studies comparing ERAS protocols with standard care (SC) in bariatric surgery through May 2020. Relevant perioperative parameters were extracted from the resulting studies for meta-analysis. The primary outcome was the length of hospital stay, and secondary outcomes included operation time, postoperative nausea, and vomiting (PONV), postoperative complications, readmission, reoperation, and subsequent emergency room visits. Postoperative complications were categorized according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Final analysis included five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and twelve observational studies which included 4964 patients in the ERAS group and 3218 patients in the SC group. The length of the hospital stay was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after ERAS protocol management, as did the incidence of POVN (p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed between the ERAS group and SC group in terms of operation time (p = 0.37), postoperative complications (p = 0.18), readmission (p = 0.17), reoperation (p = 0.34), or emergency room visits (p = 0.65). The application of ERAS protocols in bariatric surgery is safe and feasible, effectively shortening the length of a hospital stay without compromising morbidity, and accelerating patient recovery.

Fermentation process plays an important role in the biochemical properties and quality of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs). In industry, exogenous additive (EA) was usually adopted for improving the quality of CTLs during fermentation. However, the mechanism of enhanced quality of CTLs fermented with EA was confused. Herein, the chemical compositions and microbial communities of CTLs during fermentation with EA were analyzed. The increased contents of total nitrogen and total sugar, as well as the improved consumption rate of reducing sugar in CTLs were found with the addition of EA. Besides, fermentation with EA reduced the content of total nonvolatile organic acid, especially unsaturated fatty acid. The contents of total and several representative aroma components were improved. Additionally, the increased abundance of Staphylococcus and decreased abundance of Aspergillus were detected. Combined with the changes of chemical compositions and microbial communities, it was confirmed that the carbohydrates and alcohols originated from EA promote the enrichment of Staphylococcus and accelerate biochemical reactions, such as Maillard reaction and esterification reaction, thus improving the contents and quality of aroma components in CTLs. This study demonstrated the mechanism of enhanced quality of CTLs fermented by EA, which provides more ideas for developing novel and efficient EAs.

The estimation of leakage faults in evaporation tubes of supercharged boilers is crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the central steam system. However, leakage faults of evaporation tubes feature high time dependency, strong coupling among monitoring parameters, and interference from noise. Additionally, the large number of monitoring parameters (approximately 140) poses a challenge for spatiotemporal feature extraction, feature decoupling, and establishing a mapping relationship between high-dimensional monitoring parameters and leakage, rendering the precise quantitative estimation of evaporation tube leakage extremely difficult. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel deep learning framework (LSTM-CNN–attention), combining a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network with a dual-pathway spatial feature extraction structure (ACNN) that includes an attention mechanism(attention) and a 1D convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) parallel pathway. This framework processes temporal embeddings (LSTM-generated) via a dual-branch ACNN—where the 1D-CNN captures local spatial features and the attention models’ global significance—yielding decoupled representations that prevent cross-modal interference. This architecture is implemented in a simulated supercharged boiler, validated with datasets encompassing three operational conditions and 15 statuses in the supercharged boiler. The framework achieves an average diagnostic accuracy (ADA) of over 99%, an average estimation accuracy (AEA) exceeding 90%, and a maximum relative estimation error (MREE) of less than 20%. Even with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of −4 dB, the ADA remains above 90%, while the AEA stays over 80%. This framework establishes a strong correlation between leakage and multifaceted characteristic parameters, moving beyond traditional threshold-based diagnostics to enable the early quantitative assessment of evaporator tube leakage.

Joshimath has received much attention for its massive ground subsidence at the beginning of the year. Rapid urbanization and its unique geographical location may have been one of the factors contributing to the occurrence of this geological disaster. In high mountain valley areas, the complex occurrence mechanism and diverse disaster patterns of geological hazards highlight the inadequacy of manual monitoring. To address this problem, the inversion of deformation of the Joshimath surface in multiple directions can be achieved by multidimensional InSAR techniques. Therefore, in this paper, the multidimensional SBAS-InSAR technique was used to process the lift-track Sentinel-1 data from 2020 to 2023 to obtain the two-dimensional vertical and horizontal deformation rates and time series characteristics of the Joshimath ground surface. To discover the causes of deformation and its correlation with anthropogenic activities and natural disasters by analyzing the spatial and temporal evolution of surface deformation. The results show that the area with the largest cumulative deformation is located in the northeastern part of the town, with a maximum cumulative subsidence of 271.2 mm and a cumulative horizontal movement of 336.5 mm. The spatial distribution of surface deformation is based on the lower part of the hill and develops towards the upper part of the hill, showing a trend of expansion from the bottom to the top. The temporal evolution is divided into two phases: gentle to rapid, and it is tentatively concluded that the decisive factor that caused the significant change in the rate of surface deformation and the early onset of the geological subsidence hazard was triggered by the 4.7 magnitude earthquake that struck near the town on 11 September 2021.

To assess the additional detection rate (ADR) of within-patient comparisons of Narrow band imaging (NBI) and white light cystoscopy (WLC) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) detection and compare the impact of NBI and WLC on bladder cancer recurrence risk. We searched relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library database for all articles in English published beforeJuly26th, 2016. Pooled ADR, diagnostic accuracy, relative risk (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Twenty-five studies including 17 full texts and eight meeting abstracts were included for analysis. Compared to WLC, pooled ADR of NBI for NMIBC diagnosis was 9.9% (95% CI: 0.05-0.14) and 18.6% (95% CI: 0.15-0.25) in per-patient and per-lesion analysis, respectively. Pooled ADR of NBI for carcinoma in situ (CIS) diagnosis was 25.1% (95% CI: 0.09-0.42) and 31.1% (95% CI: 0.24-0.39) for per-patient and per-lesion analyses, respectively. The pooled sensitivity of NBI was significantly higher than WLC both at the per-patient (95.8% vs. 81.6%) and per-lesion levels (94.8% vs. 72.4%). In addition, NBI significantly reduced the recurrence rate of bladder cancer with a pooled RR value of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.23-0.79) and0.81 (95% CI: 0.69-0.95) at month three and twelve, respectively. NBI is a valid technique that improves the diagnosis of NMIBC and CIS compared to standard WLC either at per-patient or per-lesion level. It can reduce the recurrence rate of bladder cancer accordingly.

The risk of high-temperature-related diseases is increasing owing to global warming. This study aimed to assess the trend of disease burden caused by high temperatures in Mainland China from 1990 to 2019 and to predict the trend of disease burden over the next 10 years. The latest data were downloaded from the Global Burden of Disease Database (GBD) for analysis, and the disease burden related to high temperature was described by mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and stratified by etiology, sex, and age. Statistical analyses were performed using the R software. In 2019, there were 13,907 deaths attributed to high temperatures in Mainland China, and this was 29.55% higher than the 10,735 deaths in 1990. Overall, the age-standardized mortality and DALYs attributed to high temperatures showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2019. We observed an etiological shift in high-temperature-related diseases. The age-standardized DALYs contribution attributed to high temperatures in 1990 was mainly from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNND) (21.81/100,000), followed by injury (18.30/100,000) and non-communicable diseases (10.40/100,000). In 2019, the largest contribution shifted to non-communicable diseases (10.07/100,000), followed by injuries (5.21/100,000), and CMNND (2.30/100,000). The disease burden attributed to high temperatures was higher in males than in females and increased with age. In 2030, the mortality rate and DALYs due to high temperatures are predicted to decrease further, and the largest contribution will come from chronic non-communicable diseases, the occurrence of which will remain at a high level over the next 10 years. The burden of disease due to high temperatures in Mainland China is still heavy, mainly due to population aging and an increase in non-communicable diseases.

Fermentation, also known as aging, is vital for enhancing the quality of flue‐cured tobacco leaves (FTLs). Aged FTLs demonstrate high‐quality sensory characteristics, while unaged FTLs do not. Microbes play important roles in the FTL fermentation process. However, the eukaryotic microbial community diversity is poorly understood, as are microbial associations within FTLs. We aimed to characterize and compare the microbiota associated with two important categories, fresh and strong flavor style FTLs, and to reveal correlations between the microbial taxa within them. Based on 16S and 18S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing, the community richness and diversity of prokaryotes were almost as high as that of eukaryotes. The dominant microbes of FTLs belonged to seven genera, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Methylobacterium, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Neophaeosphaeria, and Cladosporium, of the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ascomycota phyla. According to partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), Xanthomonas, Franconibacter, Massilia, Quadrisphaera, Staphylococcus, Cladosporium, Lodderomyces, Symmetrospora, Golovinomyces, and Dioszegia were significantly positively correlated with fresh flavor style FTLs, while Xenophilus, Fusarium, unclassified Ustilaginaceae, Tilletiopsis, Cryphonectria, Colletotrichum, and Cyanodermella were significantly positively correlated with strong flavor style FTLs. Network analysis identified seven hubs, Aureimonas, Kocuria, Massilia, Brachybacterium, Clostridium, Dietzia, and Vishniacozyma, that may play important roles in FTL ecosystem stability, which may be destroyed by Myrmecridium. FTL microbiota was found to be correlated with flavor style. Species present in lower numbers than the dominant microbes might be used as microbial markers to discriminate different flavor style samples and to stabilize FTL microbial communities. This research advances our understanding of FTL microbiota and describes a means of discriminating between fresh and strong flavor FTLs based on their respective stable microbiota. In this study, we use 16S and 18S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing data to characterize and compare the microbiota associated with fresh and strong flavor style flue‐cured tobacco leaves and reveal correlations between the microbial taxa within them. Flue‐cured tobacco leaf microbiota are correlated with flavor style, and species present at low numbers within the microbial communities can be used as microbial markers to discriminate between samples of different flavor styles and to stabilize flue‐cured tobacco leaf microbial communities.

Flue-cured tobacco (FCT) with irritating and undesirable flavor must be aged. However, the spontaneous aging usually takes a very long time for the low efficiency. Bioaugmentation with functional strains is a promising method to reduce aging time and improve sensory quality. To eliminate the adverse effect of excessive starch or protein content on the FCT quality, we used the flow cytometry to sort Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LB with high alpha-amylase and Bacillus kochii SC with high neutral protease from the FCT microflora. The mono, co-culture of strains was performed the solid-state fermentation with FCT. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens monoculture for 2 days and Bacillus kochii monoculture for 2.5 days achieved the optimum quality. B. amyloliquefaciens–B. kochii co-culture at a ratio of 3:1 for 2 days of fermentation showed a more comprehensive quality enhancement and higher functional enzyme activity than mono-cultivation. Through OPLS-DA model (orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analyzes), there were 38 differential compounds between bioaugmentation samples. In co-cultivation, most of Maillard reaction products and terpenoid metabolites were at a higher level than other samples, which promoted an increase in aroma, softness and a decrease in irritation. This result validated the hypothesis of quality improvement via the co-culture. In our study, we presented a promising bioaugmentation technique for changing the sensory attributes of FCT in a short aging time.

It is imperative to enhance the scientific management of logistics through the creation and advancement of an Intelligent Logistics Management in Smart Hospitals. This paper presents a preliminary introduction to an intelligent logistics management system. The subsequent section offers a comprehensive overview of the diverse platforms that constitute the intelligent logistics management system. These include the energy management platform, intelligent lighting control platform, one-stop service platform, power operation and maintenance monitoring platform, and the BIM O&M platform, the latter of which is visualised. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive account of the construction, architectural design, and the functions and responsibilities of the constituent sub-platforms. Furthermore, a thorough examination is conducted to ascertain the substantial efficacy and energy-saving impact of implementing an intelligent logistics management system within the context of a hospital project in Shenzhen, China. The findings indicate a substantial reduction in the energy consumption of the entire building structure, with the maximum total energy consumption reduced by 402 MWh, signifying an 18.5% decline. The system has been demonstrated to reduce operational costs and facilitate environmentally conscious operations, which represents a core objective. The construction of the logistics operation and maintenance platform serves to enhance the efficiency of integrated logistics management, as well as the degree of management refinement. The management system, which employs information technology, is an effective tool for the oversight and enhancement of logistics management. Furthermore, the system provides logistical support for the construction of an environmentally sustainable hospital.