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"Li, Gao"
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SARS-CoV-2: Structure, Biology, and Structure-Based Therapeutics Development
The pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been posing great threats to the world in many aspects. Effective therapeutic and preventive approaches including drugs and vaccines are still unavailable although they are in development. Comprehensive understandings on the life logic of SARS-CoV-2 and the interaction of the virus with hosts are fundamentally important in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we briefly summarized the current advances in SARS-CoV-2 research, including the epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of the caused disease COVID-19. We further discussed the biology of SARS-CoV-2, including the origin, evolution, and receptor recognition mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. And particularly, we introduced the protein structures of SARS-CoV-2 and structure-based therapeutics development including antibodies, antiviral compounds, and vaccines, and indicated the limitations and perspectives of SARS-CoV-2 research. We wish the information provided by this review may be helpful to the global battle against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Journal Article
Size-dependent strong metal-support interaction in TiO2 supported Au nanocatalysts
The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) has long been studied in heterogonous catalysis on account of its importance in stabilizing active metals and tuning catalytic performance. As a dynamic process taking place at the metal-support interface, the SMSI is closely related to the metal surface properties which are usually affected by the size of metal nanoparticles (NPs). In this work we report the discovery of a size effect on classical SMSI in Au/TiO
2
catalyst where larger Au particles are more prone to be encapsulated than smaller ones. A thermodynamic equilibrium model was established to describe this phenomenon. According to this finding, the catalytic performance of Au/TiO
2
catalyst with uneven size distribution can be improved by selectively encapsulating the large Au NPs in a hydrogenation reaction. This work not only brings in-depth understanding of the SMSI phenomenon and its formation mechanism, but also provides an alternative approach to refine catalyst performance.
Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) is critical in determining the catalytic performance of supported metal catalysts. Here the authors report a phenomenon of size-dependent classical SMSI in Au/TiO
2
catalyst where larger Au particles are more prone to be encapsulated than smaller ones.
Journal Article
Chamomile: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activities and Quality Control Studies
Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC) and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. (CN) are two varieties of Chamomile. These herbs have been used for thousands of years in Greece, Rome and ancient Egypt. Chamomile has been used for the treatment of stomach problems, cramps, dermatitis, and minor infections. The purpose of this study was to introduce the botanical characteristics and geographical distribution, traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, toxicity studies and quality control studies, and lay a theoretical foundation for the rational development and utilization of chamomile. This review powered that chemical constituents include flavonoids, coumarins, volatile oils, terpenes, organic acids, polysaccharides, and others. These compounds possess anticancer, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic, hypoglycaemic, antihypertensive, antidepressant, neuroprotective activities, among others. Chamomile is a widely used herb in traditional medicine. It brings great economic value due to its numerous pharmacological effects and traditional uses. However, more toxicity tests should be carried out to confirm its safety. There is need for further research to provide concrete scientific evidence and validate its medicinal properties.
Journal Article
Application of data twinning based on deep time series model in smart city traffic flow prediction
This paper introduces an intelligent traffic flow prediction system that combines data twinning and deep learning, aiming to improve the prediction accuracy and model adaptability by integrating grey prediction model (GM(1,1)), long-short-term memory network (LSTM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The system construction starts from physical layer data acquisition, deals with missing data through smoothing and interpolation, and applies the GM(1,1) model to construct a digital twin layer for preliminary prediction. The information fusion mechanism combines real-time data and forecast data to optimize the model inputs, and the PSO algorithm is used to optimize the model parameters. The LSTM model is used as a deep time-series model, and combined with the output of the data twin prediction to make a comprehensive prediction, and at the same time, feature engineering is utilized to enhance the model performance. The system implements dynamic feedback adjustment to optimize the model in real time according to the prediction error. Empirical analysis shows that the LSTM model with integrated data twin (LSTM + DT) outperforms the traditional model in prediction accuracy, stability, and generalization ability, especially in peak hours, holidays, and emergency response, and provides a reliable solution for intelligent traffic management despite the long training time.
Article highlights
An innovative approach to traffic flow prediction in smart cities.
Integrate data twinning technology with deep learning models, specifically the LSTM network.
Provide an empirical evaluation of the proposed model, compare it with ARIMA, Random Forest, LSTM.
Journal Article
Review of microstructure and properties of low temperature lead-free solder in electronic packaging
Low temperature solder (In-based, Sn-Bi, Sn-Zn) has great advantages in aerospace and through-hole technology assemblies in IBM mainframe due to its unique low temperature characteristics. The review evaluates the effects of alloying elements, rare earth elements and nanoparticles on the wettability, microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the low-temperature solders.
Journal Article
Effects of liraglutide, metformin and gliclazide on body composition in patients with both type 2 diabetes and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized trial
Aims/Introduction
To compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide and metformin on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Materials and Methods
A total of 85 patients were randomly allocated to receive gliclazide (n = 27), liraglutide (n = 29) or metformin (n = 29) monotherapy for 24 weeks. Body composition was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.
Results
Liraglutide and metformin reduced total, trunk, limb, android and gynoid fat mass; this also led to weight reduction. However, gliclazide treatment produced no significant changes in weight or fat mass, likely because reductions in fat mass were concomitant with increases in lean tissue mass. Blood glucose concentrations and glycated hemoglobin levels improved in all treatment arms; levels of the latter were lower in patients treated with liraglutide and metformin. Serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations decreased in all treatment arms, whereas serum aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were reduced only by liraglutide and metformin. In all patients, weight loss and total, trunk, limb, and android fat mass reductions were positively correlated with decreases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, whereas reductions in waist circumference were positively correlated with lower serum alanine aminotransferase levels.
Conclusions
Compared with gliclazide, liraglutide and metformin monotherapies result in greater weight loss, reductions in body fat mass, and better blood glucose control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Reductions in weight, fat mass and waist circumference favorably affect hepatic function.
This single‐center, open‐label, prospective, randomized clinical trial examined the effect of liraglutide, metformin, and gliclazide on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes and concomitant non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. The results show that liraglutide and metformin are superior to gliclazide in terms of reducing body weight, body mass index, and body fat mass, and in terms of improving liver function and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. In addition, liraglutide and metformin were shown to reduce fat mass rather than lean tissue mass, which is helpful in improving the body weight and glycemic control. Weight remained stable in the gliclazide group; this resulted from identical reductions in fat mass and increases in lean tissue mass.
Journal Article
Donor-derived CD19 CAR-T cell therapy of relapse of CD19-positive B-ALL post allotransplant
Safety and efficacy of allogeneic anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) in persons with CD19-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) relapsing after an allotransplant remain unclear. Forty-three subjects with B-ALL relapsing post allotransplant received CAR-T cells were analyzed. 34 (79%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 92%) achieved complete histological remission (CR). Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 38 (88%; 78, 98%) and was ≥grade-3 in 7. Two subjects died from multiorgan failure and CRS. Nine subjects (21%; 8, 34%) developed ≤grade-2 immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Two subjects developed ≤grade-2 acute graft-
versus
-host disease (G
v
HD). 1-year event-free survival (EFS) and survival was 43% (25, 62%). In 32 subjects with a complete histological remission without a second transplant, 1-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 41% (25, 62%) and 1-year EFS and survival, 59% (37, 81%). Therapy of B-ALL subjects relapsing post transplant with donor-derived CAR-T cells is safe and effective but associated with a high rate of CRS. Outcomes seem comparable to those achieved with alternative therapies but data from a randomized trial are lacking.
Journal Article