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"Li, Ge"
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Non-Hermitian photonics based on parity–time symmetry
Nearly one century after the birth of quantum mechanics, parity–time symmetry is revolutionizing and extending quantum theories to include a unique family of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. While conceptually striking, experimental demonstration of parity–time symmetry remains unexplored in quantum electronic systems. The flexibility of photonics allows for creating and superposing non-Hermitian eigenstates with ease using optical gain and loss, which makes it an ideal platform to explore various non-Hermitian quantum symmetry paradigms for novel device functionalities. Such explorations that employ classical photonic platforms not only deepen our understanding of fundamental quantum physics but also facilitate technological breakthroughs for photonic applications. Research into non-Hermitian photonics therefore advances and benefits both fields simultaneously.
General concepts and recent developments of parity–time symmetry in classical photonics are reviewed.
Journal Article
الصين فى عشر كلمات
يسلط الكاتب أضواء كاشفة على تعاظم سرعة \"المعجزة الاقتصادية\" في الصين، ويبدو أن كل شي تغير في مثل لمح البصر، وكان ذلك على غرار القفز الطويل حيث جعل الصينيين يقفزون من عصر العوز المادي إلي عصر البذخ والتبذير، ومن عصر السياسة في المقام الأول إلى عصر المال أولا، ومن عصر غريزة القمع إلي عصر الاندفاع والتهور والانغماس في اللهو والمجون، لقد انقضي ثلاثون عاما وأكثر كأنها قفزة في الهواء. وكأن كاتبنا، الذي عاش في كنف التغيرات الهائلة والتحولات الكبري التي اجتاحت الصين في نصف القرن الأخير كان كالسمكة التي تسكن بحورا عميقة تروح وتجئ وسط الغموض تغزل طريقها بين سيقان أعشاب ضخمة فوق أماكن تضوي فيها أشعة الشمس، وتغوص إلى أسفل وأسفل حتى تصل إلي ظلام بارد عميق غامض، وفجأة تنطلق إلى السطح وتلهو فوق الأمواج التي تداعبها الريح، يمسك كاتبنا مبضعه الأدبي-النفسي، ويوضح نقطة سيكولوجية مهمة كأنه الطبيب النفسي الذي يشرح داخل وأعماق النفس الإنسانية، ويقول : إن عصر الكبت المتطرف بعد أن شهد التغيرات الاجتماعية الهائلة من المحتوم أن ينبثق منه عصر آخر مغاير تماما من التسامح المتطرف، وذلك يشبه اللعب على الأرجوحة حيث عندما ينخفض أحد طرفيها، فمن المؤكد أن يعلو كثيرا الطرف الآخر المتأرجح. ولا ينفك يحذر من مغبة أن الحياة الاجتماعية غير المتوازنة من المؤكد أن تجلب الأحلام غير المتوازنة التي بدروها تفرز أحلام التطرف والسعي وراء النجاحات السريعة والقفز فوق المراحل.
Book
Comprehensive metabolomics expands precision medicine for triple-negative breast cancer
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. However, systematic characterizations of metabolites in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are still lacking. Our study profiled the polar metabolome and lipidome in 330 TNBC samples and 149 paired normal breast tissues to construct a large metabolomic atlas of TNBC. Combining with previously established transcriptomic and genomic data of the same cohort, we conducted a comprehensive analysis linking TNBC metabolome to genomics. Our study classified TNBCs into three distinct metabolomic subgroups: C1, characterized by the enrichment of ceramides and fatty acids; C2, featured with the upregulation of metabolites related to oxidation reaction and glycosyl transfer; and C3, having the lowest level of metabolic dysregulation. Based on this newly developed metabolomic dataset, we refined previous TNBC transcriptomic subtypes and identified some crucial subtype-specific metabolites as potential therapeutic targets. The transcriptomic luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype overlapped with metabolomic C1 subtype. Experiments on patient-derived organoid and xenograft models indicate that targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an intermediate of the ceramide pathway, is a promising therapy for LAR tumors. Moreover, the transcriptomic basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS) subtype contained two prognostic metabolomic subgroups (C2 and C3), which could be distinguished through machine-learning methods. We show that N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate is a crucial tumor-promoting metabolite and potential therapeutic target for high-risk BLIS tumors. Together, our study reveals the clinical significance of TNBC metabolomics, which can not only optimize the transcriptomic subtyping system, but also suggest novel therapeutic targets. This metabolomic dataset can serve as a useful public resource to promote precision treatment of TNBC.
Journal Article
Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the response mechanism of pepper roots to Phytophthora capsici infection
Background
Phytophthora
root rot caused by the oomycete
Phytophthora capsici
is the most devastating disease in pepper production worldwide, and current management strategies have not been effective in preventing this disease. Therefore, the use of resistant varieties was regarded as an important part of disease management of
P. capsici
. However, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense response of pepper roots to
P
.
capsici
infection is limited.
Methods
A comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome approaches were used to dissect the molecular response of pepper to
P
.
capsici
infection in the resistant genotype A204 and the susceptible genotype A198 at 0, 24 and 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi).
Results
More genes and metabolites were induced at 24 hpi in A204 than A198, suggesting the prompt activation of defense responses in the resistant genotype, which can attribute two proteases, subtilisin-like protease and xylem cysteine proteinase 1, involved in pathogen recognition and signal transduction in A204. Further analysis indicated that the resistant genotype responded to
P
.
capsici
with fine regulation by the Ca
2+
- and salicylic acid-mediated signaling pathways, and then activation of downstream defense responses, including cell wall reinforcement and defense-related genes expression and metabolites accumulation. Among them, differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were uniquely activated in the resistant genotype A204 at 24 hpi, indicating a significant role of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in pepper resistance to
P
.
capsici
.
Conclusion
The candidate transcripts may provide genetic resources that may be useful in the improvement of
Phytophthora
root rot-resistant characters of pepper. In addition, the model proposed in this study provides new insight into the defense response against
P. capsici
in pepper, and enhance our current understanding of the interaction of pepper–
P. capsici
.
Journal Article
Promotion of practical technology of the thermal management system for cylindrical power battery
Amidst the industrial transformation and upgrade, the new energy vehicle industry is at a crucial juncture. Power batteries, a vital component of new energy vehicles, are currently at the forefront of industry competition with a focus on technological innovation and performance enhancement. The operational temperature of a battery significantly impacts its efficiency, making the design of a reliable Thermal Management System (TMS) essential to ensure battery safety and stability. Cylindrical power batteries are widely utilized in the industry. This article outlines the four main structures and their drawbacks of TMS for cylindrical power batteries. Among these structures, air cooling falls short in meeting high heat dissipation requirements. Liquid cooling is expensive, intricate, and adds considerable weight. Phase Change Materials (PCM) are not yet prevalent in practical applications. Similarly, heat pipes are relatively uncommon in large high-power battery packs. To better align with the new energy vehicle industry’s demands for top-notch performance, cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and reliability, this paper strongly recommends delving deeper into composite cooling solutions. The construction of an economically viable and fully optimized composite cooling method is poised to become a significant scientific challenge for future research endeavors.
Journal Article
Psychological stress in inflammatory bowel disease: Psychoneuroimmunological insights into bidirectional gut–brain communications
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic inflammation and frequent recurrence. Accumulating evidence has confirmed that chronic psychological stress is considered to trigger IBD deterioration and relapse. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that patients with IBD have a higher risk of developing symptoms of anxiety and depression than healthy individuals. However, the underlying mechanism of the link between psychological stress and IBD remains poorly understood. This review used a psychoneuroimmunology perspective to assess possible neuro-visceral integration, immune modulation, and crucial intestinal microbiome changes in IBD. Furthermore, the bidirectionality of the brain–gut axis was emphasized in the context, indicating that IBD pathophysiology increases the inflammatory response in the central nervous system and further contributes to anxiety- and depression-like behavioral comorbidities. This information will help accurately characterize the link between psychological stress and IBD disease activity. Additionally, the clinical application of functional brain imaging, microbiota-targeted treatment, psychotherapy and antidepressants should be considered during the treatment and diagnosis of IBD with behavioral comorbidities. This review elucidates the significance of more high-quality research combined with large clinical sample sizes and multiple diagnostic methods and psychotherapy, which may help to achieve personalized therapeutic strategies for IBD patients based on stress relief.
Journal Article
Synthesis and Biological Application of Polylactic Acid
Over the past few decades, with the development of science and technology, the field of biomedicine has rapidly developed, especially with respect to biomedical materials. Low toxicity and good biocompatibility have always been key targets in the development and application of biomedical materials. As a degradable and environmentally friendly polymer, polylactic acid, also known as polylactide, is favored by researchers and has been used as a commercial material in various studies. Lactic acid, as a synthetic raw material of polylactic acid, can only be obtained by sugar fermentation. Good biocompatibility and biodegradability have led it to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a biomedical material. Polylactic acid has good physical properties, and its modification can optimize its properties to a certain extent. Polylactic acid blocks and blends play significant roles in drug delivery, implants, and tissue engineering to great effect. This article describes the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) and its raw materials, physical properties, degradation, modification, and applications in the field of biomedicine. It aims to contribute to the important knowledge and development of PLA in biomedical applications.
Journal Article
All-optical control of lead halide perovskite microlasers
Lead halide perovskites based microlasers have recently shown their potential in nanophotonics. However, up to now, all of the perovskite microlasers are static and cannot be dynamically tuned in use. Herein, we demonstrate a robust mechanism to realize the all-optical control of perovskite microlasers. In lead halide perovskite microrods, deterministic mode switching takes place as the external excitation is increased: the onset of a new lasing mode switches off the initial one via a negative power slope, while the main laser characteristics are well kept. This mode switching is reversible with the excitation and has been explained via cross-gain saturation. The modal interaction induced mode switching does not rely on sophisticated cavity designs and is generic in a series of microlasers. The switching time is faster than 70 ps, extending perovskite microlasers to previously inaccessible areas, e.g., optical memory, flip-flop, and ultrafast switches etc.
Lead halide perovskite lasers have great potential as microscale organic light sources, but dynamic tuning has yet to be achieved. Here, Zhang, Fan et al. investigate how nonlinear modal interactions enable ultrafast mode switching with crossgain saturation.
Journal Article
Photo-induced non-volatile VO2 phase transition for neuromorphic ultraviolet sensors
In the quest for emerging in-sensor computing, materials that respond to optical stimuli in conjunction with non-volatile phase transition are highly desired for realizing bioinspired neuromorphic vision components. Here, we report a non-volatile multi-level control of VO
2
films by oxygen stoichiometry engineering under ultraviolet irradiation. Based on the reversible regulation of VO
2
films using ultraviolet irradiation and electrolyte gating, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle neuromorphic ultraviolet sensor with integrated sensing, memory, and processing functions at room temperature, and also prove its silicon compatible potential through the wafer-scale integration of a neuromorphic sensor array. The device displays linear weight update with optical writing because its metallic phase proportion increases almost linearly with the light dosage. Moreover, the artificial neural network consisting of this neuromorphic sensor can extract ultraviolet information from the surrounding environment, and significantly improve the recognition accuracy from 24% to 93%. This work provides a path to design neuromorphic sensors and will facilitate the potential applications in artificial vision systems.
Bioinspired neuromorphic vision components are highly desired for the emerging in-sensor computing technology. Here, Ge et al. develop an array of optoelectronic synapses capable of memorizing and processing ultraviolet images facilitated by photo-induced non-volatile phase transition in VO
2
films.
Journal Article