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We investigate the thermodynamics of Schwarzschild–Tangherlini black hole in the context of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). The corrections to the Hawking temperature, entropy and the heat capacity are obtained via the modified Hamilton–Jacobi equation. These modifications show that the GUP changes the evolution of the Schwarzschild–Tangherlini black hole. Specially, the GUP effect becomes susceptible when the radius or mass of the black hole approaches the order of Planck scale, it stops radiating and leads to a black hole remnant. Meanwhile, the Planck scale remnant can be confirmed through the analysis of the heat capacity. Those phenomena imply that the GUP may give a way to solve the information paradox. Besides, we also investigate the possibilities to observe the black hole at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and the results demonstrate that the black hole cannot be produced in the recent LHC.

Platelets carry out their aggregatory and procoagulant roles in two distinct phenotypes. Aggregatory platelets initiate adhesion to the injured endothelium and extend the platelet plug, where procoagulant platelets accelerate thrombin formation and fibrinogen cleaving by exposing a procoagulant-rich outer membrane that facilitates coagulation factor assembly. Conventional anti-platelet therapies inhibit the aggregatory phenotype but fall short on restraining procoagulant platelets. Although procoagulant platelets are crucial for normal hemostasis, a shift toward excess procoagulant platelets is associated with human thrombotic disorders such as ischemic stroke. Although veterinary data is limited, recent studies show that feline and canine platelets display similar procoagulant phenotypes in response to potent agonists, suggesting that procoagulant platelets may play similar roles in the pathogenesis of thromboembolic disorders in veterinary species. Species-specific differences in platelet physiology and molecular structures, however, pose significant challenges. This review aims to (1) summarize cross-species evidence on the mechanisms driving procoagulant platelet formation, their defining features, and characteristics, (2) provide perspectives on procoagulant platelets as thrombotic biomarkers and outline the technical challenges of generating and detecting them in small animal medicine, and (3) summarize potential therapeutic targets and highlight priority research areas to advance the diagnosis and management of thromboembolic diseases in veterinary medicine.

Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) can cause talaromycosis, a fatal systemic mycosis, in patients with AIDS. With the increasing number of talaromycosis cases in Guangdong, China, we aimed to investigate the susceptibility of 189 T. marneffei clinical strains to eight antifungal agents, including three echinocandins (anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin), four azoles (posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole), and amphotericin B, with determining minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) by Sensititre YeastOne™ YO10 assay in the yeast phase. The MICs of anidulafungin, micafungin, caspofungin, posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B were 2 to > 8 μg/ml, >8 μg/ml, 2 to > 8 μg/ml, ≤ 0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml, ≤ 0.015 to 0.03 μg/ml, ≤ 0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml, 1 to 32 μg/ml, and ≤ 0.12 to 1 μg/ml, respectively. The MICs of all echinocandins were very high, while the MICs of posaconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole, as well as amphotericin B were comparatively low. Notably, fluconazole was found to have a higher MIC than other azoles, and exhibited particularly weak activity against some isolates with MICs over 8 μg/ml. Our data in vitro support the use of amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole in management of talaromycosis and suggest potential resistance to fluconazole.

Feline cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism (FATE) remains one of the most devastating complications of feline cardiomyopathies, with high mortality and recurrence rates. Despite its clinical importance, significant knowledge gaps persist in our understanding of FATE’s pathogenesis and optimal management strategies. Our review aims to address these gaps by providing a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of FATE, including disease mechanisms, risk factors, emerging diagnostics, and preventative strategies. Importantly, we identify key areas such as immunothrombosis, procoagulant platelets, platelet heterogeneity, and altered fibrinolysis where future research may yield novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in affected feline patients.

Enhanced deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) resulting from anthropogenic activities has negative impacts on plant diversity in ecosystems. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the species loss. Ion toxicity due to N deposition-induced soil acidification has been suggested to be responsible for species loss in acidic grasslands, while few studies have evaluated the role of soil-mediated homeostasis of ions in species loss under elevated N deposition in grasslands with neutral or alkaline soils. To determine whether soil-mediated processes are involved in changes in biodiversity induced by N deposition, the effects of 9-year N addition on soil properties, aboveground biomass (AGB) and species richness were investigated in an Inner Mongolia steppe. Low to moderate N addition rate (2, 4, 8 g N m−2 yr−1) significantly enhanced AGB of graminoids, while high N addition rate (≥ 16 g N m−2 yr−1) reduced AGB of forbs, leading to an overall increase in AGB of the community under low to moderate N addition rates. Forb richness was significantly reduced by N addition at rates greater than 8 g N m−2 yr−1, while no effect of N addition on graminoid richness was observed, resulting in decline in total species richness. N addition reduced soil pH, depleted base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+) and mobilized Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+ and Al3+ ions in soils. Soil inorganic-N concentration was negatively correlated with forb richness and biomass, explaining 23.59% variation of forb biomass. The concentrations of base cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and metal ions (Mn2+, Cu2+ and, Fe3+) showed positively and negatively linear correlation with forb richness, respectively. Changes in the metal ion concentrations accounted for 42.77% variation of forb richness, while reduction of base cations was not associated with the reduction in forb richness. These results reveal that patterns of plant biodiversity in the temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia are primarily driven by increases in metal ion availability, particularly enhanced release of soil Mn2+.

Autoantibodies to desmoglein-2 have been associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in people. ARVC is a common disease in the Boxer dog. The role of anti-desmoglein-2 antibodies in Boxers with ARVC and correlation with disease status or severity is unknown. This prospective study is the first to evaluate dogs of various breeds and cardiac disease state for anti-desmoglein-2 antibodies. The sera of 46 dogs (10 ARVC Boxers, 9 healthy Boxers, 10 Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy, 10 dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease, and 7 healthy non-Boxer dogs) were assessed for antibody presence and concentration via Western blotting and densitometry. Anti-desmoglein-2 antibodies were detected in all dogs. Autoantibody expression did not differ between study groups and there was no correlation with age or body weight. In dogs with cardiac disease, there was weak correlation with left ventricular dilation (r = 0.423, p = 0.020) but not left atrial size (r = 0.160, p = 0.407). In ARVC Boxers there was strong correlation with the complexity of ventricular arrhythmias (r = 0.841, p = 0.007) but not total number of ectopic beats (r = 0.383, p = 0.313). Anti-desmoglein-2 antibodies were not disease specific in the studied population of dogs. Correlation with some measures of disease severity requires further study with larger populations.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by decreased systolic function and dilation of one or both ventricles, often leading to heart failure or sudden death. Two 10-month-old sibling Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers (NSDTR) died acutely with evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy with myocardial fibrosis. Association analysis using two cases and 35 controls identified three candidate regions homozygous in the two cases. Whole genome sequencing identified a frameshift deletion in the LMNA gene (NC_049228.1:g.41688530del, NP_001274080:p.(Asp576ThrfsTer124)). Three retrospectively identified NSDTRs with sudden death before 2 years of age and severe myocardial fibrosis were also homozygous for the deletion. One 5 year old with sudden death and myocardial fibrosis was heterozygous for the deletion. This variant was not identified in 722 dogs of other breeds, nor was it identified to be homozygous in 784 NSDTR. LMNA codes for lamin A/C proteins, which are type V intermediate filaments that provide structural support to the nuclear membrane. In humans, LMNA variants can cause DCM with sudden death as well as diseases of striated muscles, lipodystrophy, neuropathies, and accelerated aging disorders. This frameshift deletion is predicted to affect processing of prelamin A into lamin A. Pedigree analysis in the NSDTR and functional evaluation of heterozygotes is consistent with a predominantly recessive mode of inheritance and possibly low penetrance in heterozygotes in contrast to people, where most pathogenic LMNA variants are dominantly inherited.

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is caused by increased pulmonary venous pressure. Thrombosis, vascular remodeling, and vasoconstriction mediated by platelets could exacerbate PH. Hypothesis Dogs with PH will exhibit a hypercoagulable state, characterized by increased platelet activation, platelet‐leukocyte, and platelet‐neutrophil aggregate formation. Animals Eleven dogs (≥3.5 kg) diagnosed with MMVD and PH and 10 dogs with MMVD lacking PH. Methods Prospective cohort ex vivo study. All dogs underwent echocardiographic examination, CBC, 3‐view thoracic radiographs, and heartworm antigen testing. Severity of PH and MMVD were assessed by echocardiography. Viscoelastic monitoring of coagulation was assessed using thromboelastography (TEG). Platelet activation and platelet‐leukocyte/platelet‐neutrophil interactions were assessed using flow cytometry. Plasma serotonin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Results Unstimulated platelets from dogs with MMVD and PH expressed more surface P‐selectin than MMVD controls (P = .03). Platelets from dogs with MMVD and PH had persistent activation in response to agonists. The number of platelet‐leukocyte aggregates was higher in dogs with MMVD and PH compared with MMVD controls (P = .01). Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood resulted in higher numbers of platelet‐neutrophil aggregates in dogs with MMVD and PH (P = .01). Assessment of hypercoagulability based on TEG or plasma serotonin concentrations did not differ between groups. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Platelet hyperresponsiveness and increased platelet‐neutrophil interaction occur in dogs with MMVD and PH, suggesting that platelets play a role of in the pathogenesis of PH. Clinical benefits of antiplatelet drugs in dogs with MMVD and PH require further investigation.

Rainfall is a significant factor that triggers slope failures around the world. This paper reports a series of physical tests, which were conducted to simulate rain-induced slope failures. The experiments dealt with two scenarios including (1) rainwater infiltration into the slope and (2) slope failures induced by artificial rainfall with different initial conditions. Slope deformation and slope failures were observed and possible mechanisms were interpreted based on the experimental results. The results confirm the hypothesis that pore-water pressure and water content in a loose soil slope change rapidly and that water infiltration into cracks in the slope has a great impact on landslide development. The observed slope failures can be divided into three types: overall sliding failure, partial sliding failure and flow slide. The effect of slope gradient, rainfall intensity and distribution of initial suction on the slope deformation and failure process are also summarized for possible applications under the similar conditions.

Jujube–cotton intercropping system is a common efficient practice in China, especially in Xinjiang, Northwest China. While setting up two jujube–cotton intercropping systems, we planted two or four rows of cotton between two rows of jujube to study the formation of yield and factors influencing yield of 1-year jujube on intercropping cotton. The results indicated that photosynthetic/physiological characteristics of cotton in different planting patterns were significantly different only from the squaring stage to prophase of the boll opening stage, and the soil plant analyzer development value were not different all the time. Under the influence of jujube shading, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and yield of cotton in a four-row cotton intercropping pattern (Int-4) and a two-row cotton intercropping pattern (Int-2) were significantly decreased compared with those of one-row cotton (Sole) and the intercellular CO2 concentration increased. There was no significant difference between Int-2 and Int-4 in above photosynthetic/physiological characteristics. The higher planting density makes the harvested number and boll number of Int-4 superior. Compared to the Int-2, the yield of Int-4 increased significantly by 10.50%, and the economic benefits from high to low were Int-4 > Int-2 > Sole. Therefore, we concluded that an appropriate increase of cotton planting density is beneficial to the high yield of cotton in a jujube–cotton intercropping system, because it is conducive to increasing the income of farmers.