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Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) still remain poorly developed due to the big challenge of achieving high-quality mixed-halide perovskites with wide optical bandgaps. Halide exchange is an effective scheme to tune the emission color of PeLEDs, while making perovskites susceptible to high defect density due to solvent erosion. Herein, we propose a versatile strategy for nondestructive in-situ halide exchange to obtain high-quality blue perovskites with low trap density and tunable bandgaps through long alkyl chain chloride incorporated chloroform post-treatment. In comparison with conventional halide exchange method, the ionic exchange mechanism of the present strategy is similar to a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution process, which simultaneously modulates perovskite bandgaps and inhibits new halogen vacancy generation. Consequently, efficient PeLEDs across blue spectral regions are obtained, exhibiting external quantum efficiencies of 23.6% (sky-blue emission at 488 nm), 20.9% (pure-blue emission at 478 nm), and 15.0% (deep-blue emission at 468 nm), respectively. Zhang et al. report non-destructive halide exchange by employing butylammonium halide incorporated post-treatment to achieve perovskite with low trap density and tuneable bandgap for blue LEDs, with external quantum efficiencies of 23.6%, 20.9%, and 15.5% for emission peaks at 488, 478, and 468 nm, respectively.

The plasmonic effects have unlocked remarkable advancements in modern optoelectronics, enabling enhanced light-matter interactions for applications ranging from sensing to photovoltaics. However, the nonradiative damping of plasmonic effects causes parasitic absorption which limits the light-utilization efficiency of optoelectronics, particularly for photovoltaic cells. Herein, we propose a plasmon energy recycling scheme consisting of green fluorophore (BCzBN) and nickel oxide to compensate for the plasmon energy loss. The plasmons trapped in silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes are coupled to green emission through plasmon-exciton energy exchange. Backward electron and energy transfer are inhibited due to the spectral mismatch and energy level offset. The optically enhanced flexible AgNW electrode exhibits an improvement of 10.74% in transmittance, yielding flexible organic solar cells with an efficiency of 19.51% and a certified value of 18.69%. This innovative strategy provides a pathway for overcoming plasmon energy losses in plasmonic optoelectronics, opening horizons for highly efficient flexible photovoltaics and plasmonic devices. The parasitic absorption caused by nonradiative damping of plasmonic effects limits the light utilization efficiency of optoelectronics. Here, authors employ green fluorophore and nickel oxide to recycle plasmon energy, achieving maximum device efficiency of 19.51% for flexible organic solar cells.

Influenza causes approximately one billion infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Occasionally, highly pathogenic new virus strains emerge. Research on emerging influenza viruses or multiple viral strains is often limited by the need for high biosafety level (BSL) laboratories. To overcome this limitation, we attempt to establish a BSL‐1‐compatible influenza research platform using baculovirus surface display technology. We constructed influenza virus pseudotypes HA‐Bac and NA‐Bac by displaying hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins from influenza viruses on the surface of baculoviruses. Different HA‐Bac and NA‐Bac induced a unique inflammatory cytokine profile after transduction into respiratory epithelial and macrophage cell lines. Using insect cells infected with these HA‐Bac and NA‐Bac as antigens, we established cell‐based and lysate‐based ELISA to detect HA and NA antibodies. The lysate‐based ELISA showed excellent performance in detecting IgG antibodies in patients' serum samples. Finally, hemagglutination induced by HA‐Bac‐infected insect cells and neuraminidase activity generated by NA‐Bac‐infected cells were both inhibited by the corresponding antiviral drugs in functional inhibition assays. In summary, this study established a safe influenza research system capable of performing cytokine profiling, serological detection and antiviral drug screening under BSL‐1 conditions. This system holds promise for application to other emerging respiratory viruses and support of public health preparedness. By displaying the hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) proteins of influenza viruses on the surface of baculoviruses and infected insect cells, a safe and flexible pseudovirus system capable of performing cytokine analysis, serological detection and antiviral drug screening is established.

Typically, in the manufacturing of GH4169 superalloy forgings, the multi-process hot forming that consists of pre-deformation, heat treatment and final deformation is required. This study focuses on the microstructural evolution throughout hot working processes. Considering that δ phase can promote nucleation and limit the growth of grains, a process route was designed, including pre-deformation, aging treatment (AT) to precipitate sufficient δ phases, high temperature holding (HTH) to uniformly heat the forging, and final deformation. The results show that the uneven strain distribution after pre-deformation has a significant impact on the subsequent refinement of the grain microstructure due to the complex coupling relationship between the evolution of the δ phase and recrystallization behavior. After the final deformation, the fine-grain microstructure with short rod-like δ phases as boundaries is easy to form in the region with a large strain of the pre-forging. However, necklace-like mixed grain microstructure is formed in the region with a small strain of the pre-forging. In addition, when the microstructure before final deformation consists of mixed grains, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) nucleation behavior preferentially depends on kernel average misorientation (KAM) values. A large KAM can promote the formation of DRX nuclei. When the KAM values are close, a smaller average grain size of mixed-grain microstructure is more conductive to promote the DRX nucleation. Finally, the interaction mechanisms between δ phase and DRX nucleation are revealed.

Because Industry 4.0 is not a better solution to the problems of the circular economy development process, the European Union proposed Industry 5.0 as a supplement to Industry 4.0. However, presently, no relevant research exists on the promotion of a circular economy under Industry 5.0, and the limited understanding of this process is the fundamental obstacle for enterprises to pursue digitalization and sustainable operations. This study addresses this knowledge gap by developing a roadmap explaining the use of the drivers of Industry 5.0 to support and promote the transformation to a circular economy. This study first screens the literature and determines 11 drivers of Industry 5.0. Secondly, on this basis, a fuzzy explanatory structure model of these drivers promoting a circular economy is constructed. Finally, a strategic roadmap is constructed for Industry 5.0 to promote a circular economy. The results reveal that the 11 key factors driving the circular economy are complementary, among which the quantitative criteria and indicators are the most critical and are present at the bottom of the strategic map. Value chain integration and the transformation into a sustainable business model are the most complex drivers. The strategic roadmap can explain the effects of the various drivers on the transformation to a circular economy and the order required to promote this transformation. The resulting management mindset is expected to assist manufacturers, industrialists, academia, and governments in providing services, thus forming a strategic guideline driven by Industry 5.0 factors to promote the circular economy.

The use of geological models for mine production scheduling, planning, and design is a common aspect of current digital mine construction. Establishing a mapping relationship from digital geological resources to mining process simulation and then to risk early warning, enabling real-time interaction between digital models and physical mines, is an essential component of mining digital twins and an important direction for future development. This study is based on a non-ferrous metal mine and involves the development of data interaction functionality between 3Dmine (enterprise edition) and 3DEC7.0 software. This enables data mapping between geological models and numerical models, as well as real-time 3D visualization of risk points in the geological model. The main research findings are as follows: (1) Based on UAV photogrammetry and geological exploration data, a refined 3D geological model incorporating the surface, subsidence zones, goaf groups, and roadway systems was constructed using 3Dmine. The mine numerical model was then generated through 3Dmine-3DEC coupling technology. (2) A 3DEC-3Dmine data interaction interface based on Python was developed. Intelligent extraction and format conversion of mechanical parameters, such as stress and displacement, were achieved through secondary development, and a multi-software collaboration platform was built using an SQL database. A three-dimensional visual characterization script for risk points was developed. (3) Based on the strength–stress ratio and the nearest distance attribute assignment method, the three-dimensional visualization of blocks with different risk levels in 3Dmine is realized. (4) When the adjacent mine rooms are excavated in turn, the range of grade II risk area will be obviously expanded and a more serious grade III risk area will appear. The research findings offer a direction for the future development of mining digital twin technology, as well as technical support and theoretical guidance for analyzing and predicting safety risks during the mining process.

The flower is the primary infection site of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the disease cycle of Sclerotinia white mold in rapeseed. Therefore, designing and breeding floral resistance cultivars would be an efficient strategy to control this disease. Nevertheless, a standardized system for evaluating floral resistance to this pathogen is currently lacking. To resolve this gap, we developed a mycelial suspension inoculation method for rapeseed flowers under both greenhouse and field conditions. Furthermore, we established a disease severity rating system for individual flowers and a floral resistance rating system for germplasms through field assays for 35 core rapeseed germplasms. The practicality and effectiveness of the floral resistance evaluation system were further validated in both greenhouse and field. With this system, we identified R4879 (Hungry Gap) as a flower-resistant germplasm in two-year field trials. Taken together, this study provides a methodological foundation for evaluation of rapeseed floral resistance to S. sclerotiorum, thereby supporting breeding for floral resistant rapeseed varieties.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer demonstrates intrinsic or acquired resistance to second-generation androgen-targeted therapies, posing a challenge in clinical treatment. In this study, on the basis of in vivo self-assembly nanotechnology, we designed a PSMA-targeted nano-PROTAC with a proximity degradation effect. Nano-PROTAC not only precisely degrades the AR receptor but also cleverly degrades the HSP90 that is closely bound to the AR receptor, utilizing the spatial distance self-adaptive characteristics of its nanostructure. In the 22Rv1 cell model, Nano-PROTAC degraded 80% of the AR protein and 65% of the HSP90 protein. More importantly, nano-PROTAC could degrade 74% of the AR splice variant AR-V7 protein, showing the potential ability to overcome drug resistance. We further constructed an enzalutamide-resistant xenograft tumor mouse model to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the Nano-PROTAC. Compared with the combination treatment group of AR and HSP90 inhibitors (enzalutamide and pimitespib), the nano-PROTAC treatment group presented a high tumor growth inhibition value of up to 78% and a median survival extension of 15 days. Nano-PROTACs that simultaneously degrade AR and HSP90 can overcome the resistance of prostate cancer to PSMA- and AR-positive castration-resistant prostate cancer, except for neuroendocrine prostate cancer, which provides a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.

A series of novel zinc-salophen (salophen = N, N′-phenylenebis(salicylimine)) complexes (Zn-1–4) with electron donor–acceptor (D–A) structure were synthesized and characterized using a triphenylamine structure as the electron donor. Zn-salophen complexes with the same substituent sites have been reported to exhibit significant CT properties. The design of the D–A structure and the increase in the number of benzene rings to increase the length of bridging groups have led to a reduction in the energy difference between charge separation singlet and triplet states, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation. The ability has been enhanced (in terms of the production of singlet oxygen (1O2), compared with Zn-salophen, Zn-4 is 1.58 times higher). This method has been reported to enhance the intersystem crossing process of compounds, thereby enabling them to reach a triple excited state, but the generation of ROS has not been studied. Although the enhancement is not very significant, it has expanded the medical application prospects of these types of complexes and has provided a new strategy to enhance the production of ROS.

This study aims to determine the antimalarial activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from the rind of Aloe chinensis that is evaluated through in vivo and in silico studies. The phytochemical content of rind of A. chinenesis simplicia was extracted using n-hexane (HKLB), ethyl acetate (EKLB) and methanol (MKLB). All extracts were tested for its antimalarial activity against male mice (Mus musculus L. Swiss Webster)-infected Plasmodium berghei. All mice were grouped into four groups and treated for four days. The potentially active extract was further investigated for its secondary metabolite content using Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking analysis through its LC-MS/MS profiles. An in silico study evaluated prospective compounds ability to interact with proteins that cause malaria, such as Plms I and Plms IV. The in vivo study revealed that the MKLB extract has the lowest ED50 value of 19.71 mg/kg BW for inhibiting P. berghei. A total of 11 compounds were successfully identified from the MKLB extract. Following an analysis of drug-likeness properties using Lipinski's rule parameters, compounds aloesin and 4-[5-[[4-[5-[acetyl(hydroxy)amino] pentylamino]-4-oxobutanoyl]-hydroxyamino]pentylamino]-4-oxobutanoic acid were recognized as potential candidates for drug development. Molecular docking analysis of these two compounds revealed binding affinity values of -6.7 kcal/mol (Plms I), -5.9kcal/mol (Plms IV), and -5.3kcal/mol (Plms I), -5.3kcal/mol (Plms IV), respectively. MKLB extract has the potential to act as a natural antimalarial agent, as shown by in vivo and in silico studies. However, more research is required to isolate different compounds from the MKLB extract using chromatographic methods and test their antimalarial activity.