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Pedestrian trajectory prediction from a vehicle-mounted perspective is essential for autonomous driving in complex urban environments yet remains challenging due to ego-motion jitter, frequent occlusions, and scene variability. Existing approaches, largely developed for static surveillance views, struggle to cope with continuously shifting viewpoints. To address these issues, we propose V-PTP-IC, an end-to-end framework that stabilizes motion, models inter-agent interactions, and fuses multi-modal cues for trajectory prediction. The system integrates Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (SORT)-based tracklet augmentation, Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)-assisted ego-motion compensation, graph-based interaction reasoning, and multi-head attention fusion, followed by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) decoding. Experiments on the JAAD and PIE datasets demonstrate that V-PTP-IC substantially outperforms existing baselines, reducing ADE by 27.23% and 25.73% and FDE by 33.88% and 32.85%, respectively. This advances dynamic scene understanding for safer autonomous systems.

Accurately evaluating the construction risk of deep foundation pit projects is crucial to formulate science-based risk response measures. Here, we propose a novel construction risk assessment method for deep foundation pit projects. A construction risk evaluation index system based on a work breakdown structure-risk breakdown structure matrix was established to deal with the complex risks of deep foundation pit construction. The projection pursuit method optimized by particle swarm optimization was used to extract the structural features from the evaluation data to obtain objective index weights. The calculation method of the five-element connection number in the set pair analysis was improved to evaluate the static construction risk. The partial derivatives of the five-element connection number were utilized to assess the dynamic construction risk. The Qi ‘an Fu deep foundation pit project in China was selected as a case study. The results show that the construction risk was acceptable and decreased during the construction period, which was consistent with actual conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of this novel method. The proposed model showed better performance than classical methods (analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight method, classical set pair analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, gray clustering method, backpropagation neural network, and support vector machine).

To investigate whether sepsis-induced neuroinflammation of medulla visceral zone (MVZ) predominates the systemic inflammation through cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), and to explore the effect of central anti-inflammation on systemic inflammation. 112 adult Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sepsis experimental group (n = 56) and neuroinflammation experimental group (n = 56). The two experimental groups were individually randomly divided into control group (n = 8), model group (n = 16), central anti-inflammatory group (n = 16) and vagus transection group (n = 16). Rats in two control groups were administered with saline at the dose of 6 mL/kg intraperitoneally or with 25 μL artificial cerebrospinal fluid injected into forth ventricle once a day for 3 days. Rats in two model groups were administered with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the dose of 6 mg/kg intraperitoneally or with 25 μg/25 μL LPS injected into forth ventricle once a day for 3 days. Rats in two central anti-inflammatory groups were fed with 10 mg/mL minocycline sucrose solution as the only water source for 4 days prior to be treated as the model groups of their own, and feeding style was continued until the end of the experiment. Rats in the two vagus transection groups were undergone right vagotomy and 7 days of adaptive feeding prior to be treated as the same as those in the central anti-inflammatory group of their own. The Murine Sepsis Score (MSS), mortality rate and heat rate variability (HRV) were recorded during the last 3 days of intervention. Then the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for ELISA analysis to detect the serum level of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. The expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in medulla oblongata were analyzed by Western blot. The correlation and regression analysis among the expression levels of cytokines in medulla oblongata, HRV indexes and serum inflammatory cytokines were performed. The mortality rate and MSS of the sepsis model group and the MVZ’s neuroinflammation model group were significantly higher than those of their own control group, and the central anti-inflammation reduced the mortality rate and MSS scores of the two model groups, while the right vagotomy abolished the effect of central anti-inflammatory. In the sepsis model group and the MVZ’s neuroinflammation model group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and other cytokines in serum and MVZ were significantly increased, and HRV indexes (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, LF/HF) were significantly decreased (P = 0.000). Central anti-inflammatory treatment reversed the above changes. However, right vagotomy abolished the central anti-inflammatory effect. Correlation and regression analysis showed that there was a significant linear correlation among the expression of inflammatory factors in MVZ, the indexes of HRV and the levels of serum cytokines. Our study shows that sepsis-induced MVZ’s neuroinflammation exert a powerful influence on the systemic inflammation through CAP in sepsis. Central anti-inflammation effectively improves systemic inflammation through inhibiting MVZ’s neuroinflammation in sepsis. The time domain and frequency domain indexes of HRV can reflect the regulatory effect of CAP and the degree of inflammation of MVZ, which may be potentially used to monitor the condition and treatment effectiveness of sepsis patients.

Acrylonitrile (ACN), a prevalent environmental pollutant, is associated with disruptions in male reproductive health. Recently, Portulaca oleracea polysaccharide (POP) has garnered considerable attention for its ability to modulate gut microbiota and demonstrate antioxidative properties. However, its the mechanisms of reproductive damage remain poorly understood. To investigate POP’s protective effects against ACN-induced reproductive damage, we orally gavaged ACN to male mice (26 mg/kg) to induce reproductive toxicity, then intervened with POP (200 mg/kg). This study assessed the impact of ACN exposure and evaluated POP intervention on gut microbiota, Metabolic Profiles, and reproductive function. We performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal samples (n = 6 ACN, POP and healthy controls) and untargeted metabolomic profiling using LC–MS analysis in mice exposed to ACN and treated with POP. Compared with controls, ACN exposure induced significant gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by altered relative abundances of specific genera, including Lactobacillus , recombinant Escherichia coli HT002, Alloprevotella , Rikenella, Clostridia_ UCG-014 , Turicibacter , and Lactococcus . These changes were accompanied by metabolic disturbances, including a significant decrease in the metabolite 2-aminopropenoic acid ( VIP > 1, p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 1.2), which was significantly increased following POP intervention ( p  < 0.05). Furthermore, POP alleviated ACN-induced testicular tissue damage, oxidative stress, disruption in glucose-lipid and energy metabolism, and improved the sperm capacitation rate. Integrative analyses revealed a strong association between gut microbiota imbalance, metabolic alterations, and reproductive dysfunction, highlighting the protective role of POP in mitigating ACN-induced adverse effects. These findings demonstrate that POP protects reproductive health by mitigating toxin-induced damage and potentially enhancing reproductive function under environmental and metabolic stress. It also holds promise for functional food and drug development.

Improving the efficiency of resource utilization has received increasing research attention in recent years. In this study, we explored the potential physiological mechanisms underlying improved grain yield and water-use efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following organic fertilizer application. Two wheat cultivars, ChangHan58 (CH58) and XiNong9871 (XN9871), were grown under the same nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate (urea-N, CK; and manure plus urea-N, M) and under two watering regimes (WW, well-watered; and WS, water stress) imposed after anthesis. The M fertilizer treatment had a higher Pn and lower gs and Tr than CK under both water conditions, in particular, it significantly increased WRC and Ψw, and decreased EWLR and MDA under WS. Also, the M treatment increased post-anthesis N uptake by 81.4 and 16.4% under WS and WW, thus increasing post-anthesis photosynthetic capacity and delaying leaf senescence. Consequently, the M treatment increased post-anthesis DM accumulation under WS and WW by 51.5 and 29.6%, WUEB by 44.5 and 50.9%, grain number per plant by 11.5 and 12.2% and 1000-grain weight by 7.3 and 3.6%, respectively, compared with CK. The grain yield under M treatment increased by 23 and 15%, and water use efficiency (WUEg) by 25 and 23%, respectively. The increased WUE under organic fertilizer treatment was due to elevated photosynthesis and decreased Tr and gs. Our results suggest that the organic fertilizer treatment enabled plants to use water more efficiently under drought stress.

The inflammatory storm in the early stage and immunosuppression in the late stage are responsible for the high mortality rates and multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis. In recent years, studies have found that the body’s cholinergic system can spontaneously and dynamically regulate inflammation and immunity in sepsis according to the needs of the body. Firstly, the vagus nerve senses and regulates local or systemic inflammation by means of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway (CAP) and activation of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs); thus, α7nAChRs play important roles for the central nervous system (CNS) to modulate peripheral inflammation; secondly, the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors 1 (M1AChRs) in the forebrain can affect the neurons of the Medullary Visceral Zone (MVZ), the core of CAP, to regulate systemic inflammation and immunity. Based on the critical role of these two cholinergic receptor systems in sepsis, it is necessary to collect and analyze the related findings in recent years to provide ideas for further research studies and clinical applications. By consulting the related literature, we draw some conclusions: MVZ is the primary center for the nervous system to regulate inflammation and immunity. It coordinates not only the sympathetic system and vagus system but also the autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system to regulate inflammation and immunity; α7nAChRs are widely expressed in immune cells, neurons, and muscle cells; the activation of α7nAChRs can suppress local and systemic inflammation; the expression of α7nAChRs represents the acute or chronic inflammatory state to a certain extent; M1AChRs are mainly expressed in the advanced centers of the brain and regulate systemic inflammation; neuroinflammation of the MVZ, hypothalamus, and forebrain induced by sepsis not only leads to their dysfunctions but also underlies the regulatory dysfunction on systemic inflammation and immunity. Correcting the neuroinflammation of these regulatory centers and adjusting the function of α7nAChRs and M1AChRs may be two key strategies for the treatment of sepsis in the future.

The source-sink relationship determines crop yield, and it is largely regulated by water and nutrients in agricultural production. This has been widely investigated in cereals, but fewer studies have been conducted in root and tuber crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The objective of this study was to investigate the source-sink relationship in potato and the regulation of water and nitrogen on the source-sink relationship during the tuber bulking stage. A pot experiment using virus-free plantlets of the Atlantic potato cultivar was conducted, using three water levels (50%, 70% and 90% of field capacity) and three nitrogen levels (0, 0.2, 0.4 g N∙kg-1 soil). The results showed that, under all water and nitrogen levels, plant source capacity were small at the end of the experiment, since photosynthetic activity in leaves were low and non-structural reserves in underground stems were completely remobilized. While at this time, there were very big differences in maximum and minimum tuber number and tuber weight, indicating that the sink tuber still had a large potential capacity to take in assimilates. These results suggest that the source-supplied assimilates were not sufficient enough to meet the demands of sink growth. Thus, we concluded that, unlike cereals, potato yield is more likely to be source-limited than sink-limited during the tuber bulking stage. Water and nitrogen are two key factors in potato production management. Our results showed that water level, nitrogen level and the interaction between water and nitrogen influence potato yield mainly through affecting source capacity via the net photosynthetic rate, total leaf area and leaf life span. Well-watered, sufficient nitrogen and well-watered combined with sufficient nitrogen increased yield mainly by enhancing the source capacity. Therefore, this suggests that increasing source capacity is more crucial to improve potato yield.

Wheat grain nutritional quality directly influences human health. While appropriate water and nitrogen management significantly enhance wheat yield, their specific effects on grain quality remain insufficiently explored. We investigated the impact of varying water and nitrogen treatments on dryland wheat variety quality. To assess quality and mineral element content parameters, winter wheat cultivars underwent to two water regimes (sufficient and insufficient) combined with two nitrogen fertiliser levels (sufficient and insufficient). Results indicated that sufficient nitrogen fertilisation (N2) increased mineral element contents; albumin, globulin, glutenin, and wet gluten levels; starch swelling capacity; grain hardness; and favourable gelatinization characteristics. Under insufficient nitrogen application (N1), adequate irrigation (W2) also improved grain mineral element contents, amylose levels, protein content, and the amylose/amylopectin ratio. W2N2 treatment, compared to W1N1, enhanced grain phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur levels, and the amylose/amylopectin ratio. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations among nitrogen, sulfur, manganese, copper, amylose, wet gluten content, and gelatinization temperature. Interestingly, modern cultivars exhibited optimal grain quality under the W1N1 treatment, suggesting their quality is maintained even in low-input systems. However, overall dryland wheat quality did not improve with yield during varietal replacement. Therefore, variety selection based on environmental constraints and management practices is crucial for optimizing both grain quality and resource utilization. Graphical Abstract

Aiming at the problems of blind sampling points and slow planning speed of path planning Rapidly-exploring Random Trees algorithm, an effective region sampling Levy Rapidly-exploring Random Trees algorithm (LRRT*) is proposed based on the improved Levy flight strategy. Divide the entire path planning process into two stages: quickly finding the initial path and optimizing the path. Goal oriented strategy is used to explore the path when finding the initial path quickly. The Levy flight strategy is used to regenerate nodes after obstacles are encountered to improve the quality of the expansion points. They can quickly plan a collision-free path. In the phase of optimizing the initial path using the effective region sampling method, each sampling is only sampled around the initial path. Meanwhile, node rejection strategy is introduced to reduce the number of collision detection and accelerate the convergence speed. In 2D and 3D environments, the LRRT* algorithm reduces the initial path planning time by 17.6% and 91.9% respectively compared to the RRT* algorithm, and shortens the average planning time by 12.3% and 65.5%, and the path smoothness is 3.4% and 79.4% shorter respectively. Applying the LRRT algorithm to a robotic arm allows for the planning of collision-free paths.

Surface coating technology, as the main technology to improve the fatigue life of mechanical systems, has been well applied in mechanical equipment. The present study aimed to explore low-cost surface coating preparation technology using inexpensive rice husk as the research object, and the pyrolysis process behavior of rice husk was analyzed. The Ni60/SiO 2 coating was prepared on the surface of the 45# steel substrate using the pyrolysis product SiO 2 fiber as the reinforcing phase and supersonic plasma-spraying equipment. The results showed no defects such as cracks, pores, and inclusions in the prepared coating. The nanohardness of the Ni60/SiO 2 coating reached 6506 μN, and the average friction coefficient reached 0.42. In the friction-and-wear experiment, the Ni60/SiO 2 coating was manifested as an abrasive wear mechanism.