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In order to improve the efficiency of emergency management of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP), and to guarantee the water supply function of the project, the intergovernmental cooperation system of emergency management for emergent events in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was established. The cooperation models of emergent events were built using Evolutionary Game Theory. The evolutionary influence of system parameters on respective governmental behaviour was analysed. The payment functions of the emergency agents involved were constructed, the corresponding replicator dynamic equations were established and evolutionary stable strategies were discussed. Theoretical and numerical analysis results show that: In order to let local government show strong willingness to implement emergency policies, the profit caused by local government i increases its implement policy willingness to more than the increased cost. Only MWR increases the penalty on local government when it shows weak willingness and let the penalty be more than the cost increased by weak willingness, can avoid all local government select weak cooperative willingness.

Ceramic relief modeling design and CNC machining programming have a wide range of applications in industrial production and daily life. In view of the actual needs of enterprises, this research studies the CAD simulation technology of ceramic relief and achieves the modeling of other pieces of relief based on the geometric outline of the plane breakthrough. According to geometric relief modeling, bitmap relief modeling, tool path selection, and relief simulation processing, the establishment of a ceramic relief model is realized. Finally, the simulation processing is carried out on the ArtCAM software platform, and reasonable processing parameters are obtained to realize the CNC engraving processing of ceramic relief. The experimental results show that the machining efficiency of the ceramic relief model established in this study is improved by 11.3% and 42.8%, respectively, compared with the two traditional methods, which verifies the correctness and superiority of the designed model.

In this paper, the uniaxial compression damage characteristics of specimens are analyzed containing holes using PFC 2D . In addition, the crack propagation, stress distribution and energy development characteristics of the specimens were systematically discussed. The findings indicate that the strength parameters of various specimens drop initially and then increase with increasing center point connecting angle, in comparison to intact rock. The most significant reduction in strength parameters is observed at a center point connecting angle of 45°. The stress concentration around the holes occurs prior to crack initiation and vanishes upon specimen failure. The number of cracks in the specimens is small and the propagation length is short before touching the peak value, while the cracks expand rapidly in a short period of time after the stress touches the peak value, and the crack development rules in the two stages are quite different. With increasing center point connecting angle, the pre-peak energy and total energy drop first and then increase. After touching the peak value, the specimen is dominated by energy release and the ability to absorb energy is weakened. In the case of center point connecting angle of 45°, the specimen has the largest energy difference coefficient and the worst ability to resist damage. The damage behavior can be composed of no damage, initial damage and accelerated damage take into account the damage change rules of the specimens.

Highlights Various bismuth-based materials used in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) anode are classified and overviewed, and the structure and potassium storage mechanism of various materials are discussed. The advantages and challenges of different PIBs anode materials are pointed out, and the existing modification strategies to improve potassium storage are summarized. The promising research directions of bismuth-based anode materials are proposed. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are considered as a promising energy storage system owing to its abundant potassium resources. As an important part of the battery composition, anode materials play a vital role in the future development of PIBs. Bismuth-based anode materials demonstrate great potential for storing potassium ions (K + ) due to their layered structure, high theoretical capacity based on the alloying reaction mechanism, and safe operating voltage. However, the large radius of K + inevitably induces severe volume expansion in depotassiation/potassiation, and the sluggish kinetics of K + insertion/extraction limits its further development. Herein, we summarize the strategies used to improve the potassium storage properties of various types of materials and introduce recent advances in the design and fabrication of favorable structural features of bismuth-based materials. Firstly, this review analyzes the structure, working mechanism and advantages and disadvantages of various types of materials for potassium storage. Then, based on this, the manuscript focuses on summarizing modification strategies including structural and morphological design, compositing with other materials, and electrolyte optimization, and elucidating the advantages of various modifications in enhancing the potassium storage performance. Finally, we outline the current challenges of bismuth-based materials in PIBs and put forward some prospects to be verified.

Background . Nurses represent the largest occupational group within the health care system, comprising half of the global health workforce. Health care settings are facing severe shortages in countries worldwide, with nurse turnover being identified as the primary reason for this shortage. However, estimates of nurse turnover rates vary widely in the relevant literature. Objective . This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the global nurse turnover rate since 2000 and provide evidence‐based assistance to health policy makers and hospital managers. Methods . A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted for relevant articles from January 1, 2000, to February 1, 2023. This study included cross‐sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies. In the meta‐analysis, further risk of bias, heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Stata 17.0 was used for all of the statistical analyses. Results . In total, 48,157 records were scrutinized in this study, and 21 investigations encompassing 213,314 nurses across 14 countries were eventually included. The global nurse turnover rate ranged between 8% and 36.6%, and the combined nurse turnover rate was 16% (95% confidence interval: 14%–17%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the turnover rate was 19% (95% CI: 14%–23%) in Asia and 15% (95% CI: 13%–17%) in North America. Conclusions . This meta‐analysis analysed the literature published from January 2020 to February 2023 and demonstrated that the global nurse turnover rate was 16%. It is suggested that all medical and health institutions actively adopt relevant systems that can reduce the turnover of nurses and promote a more harmonious, healthy, and safe occupational environment for nurses to strengthen the sustainable development capacity of the nurse workforce.

Under the backdrop of frequent emergencies, the rational layout of emergency service facilities (ESF) and the effective allocation of emergency supplies have emerged as crucial in determining the timeliness of post-disaster response. By adequately accounting for potential uncertainties and carrying out comprehensive pre-planning, the robustness of location-allocation decisions can be significantly improved. This paper delves into the ESF network design problem under demand uncertainty and formulates this problem as a two-stage robust optimization model. The presented model defines a generalized budget uncertainty set to capture victims’ uncertain demand and minimizes the sum of the costs involved in the two stages. The objective function integrates the input cost in the preparedness phase, the deprivation cost from the victims’ perspective and the environmental impact cost responding to sustainable development in the response phase, which respectively correspond to the comprehensive optimization of the deployment of ESF, the distribution of emergency supplies and the implementation of sustainable measures. Subsequently, we employ the column and constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm to solve the proposed model and take the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan as a case to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. Finally, we examine the influence of demand uncertainty and environmental impact cost on the optimal solution, yielding valuable managerial insights.

Flavonoid secondary metabolites can treat and prevent many diseases, but systematic studies on regulation of the biosynthesis of such metabolites in aboveground parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza are lacking. In this study, metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses of different S. miltiorrhiza phenotypes were conducted to explore pathways of synthesis, catalysis, accumulation, and transport of the main flavonoid secondary metabolites regulating pigment accumulation. Tissue localization and quantitative analysis of flavonoid secondary metabolites were conducted by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). A total 3090 differentially expressed genes were obtained from 114,431 full-length unigenes in purple and green phenotypes, and 108 functional genes were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Five key phenylpropane structural genes ( PAL , 4CL , ANS , 3AT , HCT ) were highly differentially expressed, and four transcription factor genes ( MYB , WRKY , bHLH , bZiP ) were identified. In addition, six GST genes, nine ABC transporters, 22 MATE genes, and three SNARE genes were detected with key roles in flavonoid transport. According to LSCM, flavonoids were mainly distributed in epidermis, cortex, and collenchyma. Thus, comprehensive and systematic analyses were used to determine biosynthesis, accumulation, and transport of flavonoids in stems and leaves of different S. miltiorrhiza phenotypes. The findings will provide a reference for flavonoid production and cultivar selection.

Reactive negative electrodes like lithium (Li) suffer serious chemical and electrochemical corrosion by electrolytes during battery storage and operation, resulting in rapidly deteriorated cyclability and short lifespans of batteries. Li corrosion supposedly relates to the features of solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI). Herein, we quantitatively monitor the Li corrosion and SEI progression (e.g., dissolution, reformation) in typical electrolytes through devised electrochemical tools and cryo-electron microscopy. The continuous Li corrosion is validated to be positively correlated with SEI dissolution. More importantly, an anti-corrosion and interface-stabilizing artificial passivation layer comprising low-solubility polymer and metal fluoride is designed. Prolonged operations of Li symmetric cells and Li | |LiFePO 4 cells with reduced Li corrosion by ~74% are achieved (0.66 versus 2.5 μAh h −1 ). The success can further be extended to ampere-hour-scale pouch cells. This work uncovers the SEI dissolution and its correlation with Li corrosion, enabling the durable operation of Li metal batteries by reducing the Li loss. Lithium metal electrodes suffer from both chemical and electrochemical corrosion during battery storage and operation. Here, the authors show that lithium corrosion is due to dissolution of the solid-electrolyte interphase and suppress this by utilizing a multifunctional passivation layer.

This study aimed to examine the epidemiological associations between hearing loss and the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for cohort studies published from database inception to January 12, 2025, using relevant MeSH terms and keywords. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by sequentially excluding individual studies to assess the robustness of the results. Subgroup analyses were performed based on hearing function measurement methods, study design, and continent. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 14.0. This meta-analysis included 36 cohort studies with a total of 6,364,914 participants, published between 1992 and 2024. Hearing loss was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13-1.31; I² = 95.7%, P < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12-1.33; I² = 52.4%, P < 0.001), and cancer mortality (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02-1.22; I² = 51.2%, P = 0.016), after adjusting for demographics and comorbidities. Subgroup analysis showed that audiometrically measured hearing loss had a stronger effect than self-reported hearing loss (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10-1.49; I² = 97.7%, P = 0.002). The risk of all-cause mortality was higher in prospective cohorts compared to retrospective cohorts (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05-1.46; I² = 97.2%, P = 0.012). Additionally, the risk of all-cause mortality was slightly higher in studies from Asia compared to other continents (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.09-1.62; I² = 98.3%, P = 0.005). Our meta-analysis indicates that hearing loss is associated with an increased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Healthcare providers managing patients with hearing loss should consider its potential impact on overall health and longevity. CRD 42025637635.

Rhamnose-associated molecules are attracting attention because they are present in bacteria but not mammals, making them potentially useful as antibacterial agents. Additionally, they are also valuable for tumor immunotherapy. Thus, studies on the functions and biosynthetic pathways of rhamnose-containing compounds are in progress. In this paper, studies on the biosynthetic pathways of three rhamnose donors, i.e., deoxythymidinediphosphate-L-rhamnose (dTDP-Rha), uridine diphosphate-rhamnose (UDP-Rha), and guanosine diphosphate rhamnose (GDP-Rha), are firstly reviewed, together with the functions and crystal structures of those associated enzymes. Among them, dTDP-Rha is the most common rhamnose donor, and four enzymes, including glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase RmlA, dTDP-Glc-4,6-dehydratase RmlB, dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-Glc-3,5-epimerase RmlC, and dTDP-4-keto-Rha reductase RmlD, are involved in its biosynthesis. Secondly, several known rhamnosyltransferases from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Saccharopolyspora spinosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae are discussed. In these studies, however, the functions of rhamnosyltransferases were verified by employing gene knockout and radiolabeled substrates, which were almost impossible to obtain and characterize the products of enzymatic reactions. Finally, the application of rhamnose-containing compounds in disease treatments is briefly described.