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"Li, Hui"
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Digital inclusive finance, agricultural green technology innovation and agricultural carbon emissions: Impact mechanism and empirical test
The impact of digital financial inclusion ( If ) and agricultural technology innovation ( Gi ) on agricultural carbon emissions has attracted wide attention from the academic community, but the inconsistent conclusions of existing studies and the reality that few studies have gathered them into a framework require more evidence to fill this gap, which can contribute more insights to promoting economic development and controlling carbon emissions. Taking the provincial-level relevant data of China’s agriculture from 2011 to 2020 as a sample, the GMM method is used to integrally test the relationship between the three factors. The results show that (1) from 2011 to 2020, China’s overall agricultural carbon emissions experienced two stages of fluctuating rise (2011–2015) and continuous decline (2015–2020). In 2015, China’s agricultural carbon emissions peaked at 1,040 million tons; Overall, Hunan, Hubei, and Henan were the provinces with the largest agricultural carbon emissions; Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai are provinces with relatively low agricultural carbon emissions. (2) Although the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural carbon emissions is negative, it is not significant. (3) Agricultural technology innovation promoted the reduction of agricultural carbon emissions. If the level of agricultural technology innovation increased by 1 percentage point, agricultural carbon emissions would decrease by 0.09 percentage points. (4) Mechanism analysis showed that agricultural technology innovation could reduce carbon emissions through the efficiency of agricultural resource allocation, and its effect reached 56%. The results can provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate targeted policies, and the methods can be extended to other places.
Journal Article
Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study
Human infections with zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, have raised great public health concern globally. Here, we report a novel bat-origin CoV causing severe and fatal pneumonia in humans.
We collected clinical data and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens from five patients with severe pneumonia from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei province, China. Nucleic acids of the BAL were extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Virus isolation was carried out, and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed.
Five patients hospitalized from December 18 to December 29, 2019 presented with fever, cough, and dyspnea accompanied by complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Chest radiography revealed diffuse opacities and consolidation. One of these patients died. Sequence results revealed the presence of a previously unknown β-CoV strain in all five patients, with 99.8% to 99.9% nucleotide identities among the isolates. These isolates showed 79.0% nucleotide identity with the sequence of SARS-CoV (GenBank NC_004718) and 51.8% identity with the sequence of MERS-CoV (GenBank NC_019843). The virus is phylogenetically closest to a bat SARS-like CoV (SL-ZC45, GenBank MG772933) with 87.6% to 87.7% nucleotide identity, but is in a separate clade. Moreover, these viruses have a single intact open reading frame gene 8, as a further indicator of bat-origin CoVs. However, the amino acid sequence of the tentative receptor-binding domain resembles that of SARS-CoV, indicating that these viruses might use the same receptor.
A novel bat-borne CoV was identified that is associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in humans.
Journal Article
الصين فى عشر كلمات
يسلط الكاتب أضواء كاشفة على تعاظم سرعة \"المعجزة الاقتصادية\" في الصين، ويبدو أن كل شي تغير في مثل لمح البصر، وكان ذلك على غرار القفز الطويل حيث جعل الصينيين يقفزون من عصر العوز المادي إلي عصر البذخ والتبذير، ومن عصر السياسة في المقام الأول إلى عصر المال أولا، ومن عصر غريزة القمع إلي عصر الاندفاع والتهور والانغماس في اللهو والمجون، لقد انقضي ثلاثون عاما وأكثر كأنها قفزة في الهواء. وكأن كاتبنا، الذي عاش في كنف التغيرات الهائلة والتحولات الكبري التي اجتاحت الصين في نصف القرن الأخير كان كالسمكة التي تسكن بحورا عميقة تروح وتجئ وسط الغموض تغزل طريقها بين سيقان أعشاب ضخمة فوق أماكن تضوي فيها أشعة الشمس، وتغوص إلى أسفل وأسفل حتى تصل إلي ظلام بارد عميق غامض، وفجأة تنطلق إلى السطح وتلهو فوق الأمواج التي تداعبها الريح، يمسك كاتبنا مبضعه الأدبي-النفسي، ويوضح نقطة سيكولوجية مهمة كأنه الطبيب النفسي الذي يشرح داخل وأعماق النفس الإنسانية، ويقول : إن عصر الكبت المتطرف بعد أن شهد التغيرات الاجتماعية الهائلة من المحتوم أن ينبثق منه عصر آخر مغاير تماما من التسامح المتطرف، وذلك يشبه اللعب على الأرجوحة حيث عندما ينخفض أحد طرفيها، فمن المؤكد أن يعلو كثيرا الطرف الآخر المتأرجح. ولا ينفك يحذر من مغبة أن الحياة الاجتماعية غير المتوازنة من المؤكد أن تجلب الأحلام غير المتوازنة التي بدروها تفرز أحلام التطرف والسعي وراء النجاحات السريعة والقفز فوق المراحل.
Book
The clinical value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) for predicting the occurrence and severity of pneumonia in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Inflammatory mechanisms play important roles in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and have been linked to the development of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) are inflammatory indexes that influence systemic inflammatory responses after stroke. In this study, we aimed to compare the predictive value of the NLR, SII, SIRI and PLR for SAP in patients with ICH to determine their application potential in the early identification of the severity of pneumonia.
Patients with ICH in four hospitals were prospectively enrolled. SAP was defined according to the modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Data on the NLR, SII, SIRI and PLR were collected at admission, and the correlation between these factors and the clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) was assessed through Spearman's analysis.
A total of 320 patients were enrolled in this study, among whom 126 (39.4%) developed SAP. The results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the NLR had the best predictive value for SAP (AUC: 0.748, 95% CI: 0.695-0.801), and this outcome remained significant after adjusting for other confounders in multivariable analysis (RR=1.090, 95% CI: 1.029-1.155). Among the four indexes, Spearman's analysis showed that the NLR was the most highly correlated with the CPIS (r=0.537, 95% CI: 0.395-0.654). The NLR could effectively predict ICU admission (AUC: 0.732, 95% CI: 0.671-0.786), and this finding remained significant in the multivariable analysis (RR=1.049, 95% CI: 1.009-1.089, P=0.036). Nomograms were created to predict the probability of SAP occurrence and ICU admission. Furthermore, the NLR could predict a good outcome at discharge (AUC: 0.761, 95% CI: 0.707-0.8147).
Among the four indexes, the NLR was the best predictor for SAP occurrence and a poor outcome at discharge in ICH patients. It can therefore be used for the early identification of severe SAP and to predict ICU admission.
Journal Article
إحضار الكتب المقدسة
عاش النبيل كو في بلدة تونغتايفو كان رجلا طيبا يحب الخير وعرض أن يستضيف سان تسانغ وتلاميذه لفترة طويلة، ولكنهم رفضوا رغم إلحاح عائلة النبيل؛ فلم يجدوا بدا من توديعهم. وما إن غادر سان تسانغ وتلاميذه حتى تعرض بيت النبيل للسرقة، وقتل النبيل كو، فأضمرت زوجته الضغينة لسان تسانغ وتلاميذه لأنهم لم يوافقوا على البقاء رغم الإلحاح عليهم، واتهمت الزوجة سان تسانغ وتلاميذه زورا بارتكاب الجريمة، وقدمت دعوى لمقاضاتهم. وفي طريق اللصوص للفرار، أرادوا سرقة سان تسانغ وتلاميذه أيضا، ولكن وو كونغ قبض عليهم، وحينما التقى سان تسانغ وتلاميذه بالضباط والجنود الذين جاؤوا لملاحقتهم، حدث سوء فهم أدى لاتهام سان تسانغ وتلاميذه.
Book
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Prevents Intestinal Injury, Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors, and 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer
FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin), a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy regimen, is one of most common therapeutic regimens for colorectal cancer. However, intestinal mucositis is a common adverse effect for which no effective preventive strategies exist. Moreover, the efficacy and the safety of fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) in cancer patients treated with anti-neoplastic agents are still scant. We investigated the effect of FMT on FOLFOX-induced mucosal injury. BALB/c mice implanted with syngeneic CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were orally administered FMT daily during and two days after five-day injection of FOLFOX regimen for seven days. Administration of FOLFOX significantly induced marked levels of diarrhea and intestinal injury. FMT reduced the severity of diarrhea and intestinal mucositis. Additionally, the number of goblet cells and zonula occludens-1 decreased, while apoptotic and NF-κB-positive cells increased following FOLFOX treatment. The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), MyD88, and serum IL-6 were upregulated following FOLFOX treatment. These responses were attenuated following FMT. The disrupted fecal gut microbiota composition was also restored by FMT after FOLFOX treatment. Importantly, FMT did not cause bacteremia and safely alleviated FOLFOX-induced intestinal mucositis in colorectal cancer-bearing mice. The putative mechanism may involve the gut microbiota TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with implanted colorectal carcinoma cells.
Journal Article
Chemotherapeutic paclitaxel and cisplatin differentially induce pyroptosis in A549 lung cancer cells via caspase-3/GSDME activation
Gasdermin E (GSDME) has an important role in inducing secondary necrosis/pyroptosis. Upon apoptotic stimulation, it can be cleaved by activated caspase-3 to generate its N-terminal fragment (GSDME-NT), which executes pyroptosis by perforating the plasma membrane. GSDME is expressed in many human lung cancers including A549 cells. Paclitaxel and cisplatin are two representative chemotherapeutic agents for lung cancers, which induce apoptosis via different action mechanisms. However, it remains unclear whether they can induce GSDME-mediated secondary necrosis/pyroptosis in lung A549 cancer cells. Here we showed that both paclitaxel and cisplatin evidently induced apoptosis in A549 cells as revealed by the activation of multiple apoptotic markers. Notably, some of the dying cells displayed characteristic morphology of secondary necrosis/pyroptosis, by blowing large bubbles from the cellular membrane accompanied by caspase-3 activation and GSDME-NT generation. But the ability of cisplatin to induce this phenomenon was much stronger than that of paclitaxel. Consistent with this, cisplatin triggered much higher activation of caspase-3 and generation of GSDME-NT than paclitaxel, suggesting that the levels of secondary necrosis/pyroptosis correlated with the levels of active caspase-3 and GSDME-NT. Supporting this, caspase-3 specific inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO) suppressed cisplatin-induced GSDME-NT generation and concurrently reduced the secondary necrosis/pyroptosis. Besides, GSDME knockdown significantly inhibited cisplatin- but not paclitaxel-induced secondary necrosis/pyroptosis. These results indicated that cisplatin induced higher levels of secondary necrosis/pyroptosis in A549 cells than paclitaxel, suggesting that cisplatin may provide additional advantages in the treatment of lung cancers with high levels of GSDME expression.
Journal Article