Explore the vast range of titles available.

In 2017, all medical students applying for residency in emergency medicine (EM) were required to participate in the Standardized Video Interview (SVI). The SVI is a video-recorded, uni-directional interview consisting of six questions designed to assess interpersonal and communication skills and professionalism. It is unclear whether this simulated interview is an accurate representation of an applicant's competencies that are often evaluated during the in-person interview. The goal of this study was to determine whether the SVI score correlates with a traditional in-person interview score. Six geographically and demographically diverse EM residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education participated in this prospective observational study. Common demographic data for each applicant were obtained through an Electronic Residency Application Service export function prior to the start of any scheduled traditional interviews (TI). On each TI day, one interviewer blinded to all applicant data, including SVI score, rated the applicant on a five-point scale. A convenience sample of applicants was enrolled based on random assignment to the blinded interviewer. We studied the correlation between SVI score and TI score. We included 321 unique applicants in the final analysis. Linear regression analysis of the SVI score against the TI score demonstrated a small positive linear correlation with an r coefficient of +0.13 (p=0.02). This correlation remained across all SVI score subgroups (p = 0.03). Our study suggests that there is a small positive linear correlation between the SVI score and performance during the TI.

In 2017, the Standardized Video Interview (SVI) was required for applicants to emergency medicine (EM). The SVI contains six questions highlighting professionalism and interpersonal communication skills. The responses were scored (6-30). As it is a new metric, no information is available on correlation between SVI scores and other application data. This study was to determine if a correlation exists between applicants' United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and SVI scores. We hypothesized that numeric USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores would not correlate with the SVI score, but that performance on the Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS) portion may correlate with the SVI since both test communication skills. Nine EM residency sites participated in the study with data exported from an Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS®) report. All applicants with both SVI and USMLE scores were included. We studied the correlation between SVI scores and USMLE scores. Predetermined subgroup analysis was performed based on applicants' USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores as follows: (≥ 200, 201-220, 221-240, 241-260, >260). We used linear regression, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test for statistical analyses. 1,325 applicants had both Step 1 and SVI scores available, with no correlation between the overall scores (p=0.58) and no correlation between the scores across all Step 1 score ranges, (p=0.29). Both Step 2 CK and SVI scores were available for 1,275 applicants, with no correlation between the overall scores (p=0.56) and no correlation across all ranges, (p=0.10). The USMLE Step 2 CS and SVI scores were available for 1,000 applicants. Four applicants failed the CS test without any correlation to the SVI score (p=0.08). We found no correlation between the scores on any portion of the USMLE and the SVI; therefore, the SVI provides new information to application screeners.

Introduction: In 2017, all medical students applying for residency in emergency medicine (EM) were required to participate in the Standardized Video Interview (SVI). The SVI is a video-recorded, uni-directional interview consisting of six questions designed to assess interpersonal and communication skills and professionalism. It is unclear whether this simulated interview is an accurate representation of an applicant’s competencies that are often evaluated during the in-person interview. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine whether the SVI score correlates with a traditional in-person interview score.Methods: Six geographically and demographically diverse EM residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education participated in this prospective observational study. Common demographic data for each applicant were obtained through an Electronic Residency Application Service export function prior to the start of any scheduled traditional interviews (TI). On each TI day, one interviewer blinded to all applicant data, including SVI score, rated the applicant on a five-point scale. A convenience sample of applicants was enrolled based on random assignment to the blinded interviewer. We studied the correlation between SVI score and TI score.Results: We included 321 unique applicants in the final analysis. Linear regression analysis of the SVI score against the TI score demonstrated a small positive linear correlation with an r coefficient of +0.13 (p=0.02). This correlation remained across all SVI score subgroups (p = 0.03).Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is a small positive linear correlation between the SVI score and performance during the TI.

\"We highly recommend this volume to readers. . . A wonderful book that includes a set of chapters to focus on a unique yet important topic, student voice. . . presents the mathematics education community with another important contribution to what we can learn about students' learning experience through their voice, from classrooms around the world. . . this volume has not only focused on the unique and important topic of student voice but also helped us to gain more insights about classroom instruction around the world. \"--Educational Studies in Mathematics.

Background Observational data under real-life conditions in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is scarce. We explored anti-fibrotic treatment, disease severity and phenotypes in patients with IPF from the Swedish IPF Registry (SIPFR). Methods Patients enrolled between September 2014 and April 2020 and followed ≥ 6 months were investigated. Demographics, comorbidities, lung function, composite variables, six-minute walking test (6MWT), quality of life, and anti-fibrotic therapy were evaluated. Agreements between classification of mild physiological impairment (defined as gender-age-physiology (GAP) stage 1) with physiological and composite measures of severity was assessed using kappa values and their impact on mortality with hazard ratios. The factor analysis and the two-step cluster analysis were used to identify phenotypes. Univariate and multivariable survival analyses were performed between variables or groups. Results Among 662 patients with baseline data (median age 72.7 years, 74.0% males), 480 had a follow up ≥ 6 months with a 5 year survival rate of 48%. Lung function, 6MWT, age, and BMI were predictors of survival. Patients who received anti-fibrotic treatment ≥ 6 months had better survival compared to untreated patients [ p  = 0.007, HR (95% CI): 1.797 (1.173–2.753)] after adjustment of age, gender, BMI, smoking status, forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO). Patients with mild physiological impairment (GAP stage 1, composite physiological index (CPI) ≤ 45, DLCO ≥ 55%, FVC ≥ 75%, and total lung capacity (TLC) ≥ 65%, respectively) had better survival, after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and smoking status and treatment. Patients in cluster 1 had the worst survival and consisted mainly of male patients with moderate-severe disease and an increased prevalence of heart diseases at baseline; Cluster 2 was characterized by mild disease with more than 50% females and few comorbidities, and had the best survival; Cluster 3 were younger, with moderate-severe disease and had few comorbidities. Conclusion Disease severity, phenotypes, and anti-fibrotic treatment are closely associated with the outcome in IPF, with treated patients surviving longer. Phenotypes may contribute to predicting outcomes of patients with IPF and suggest the patients’ need for special management, whereas single or composite variables have some limitations as disease predictors.

NINE young men who gambled for high stakes in a well-organised attempt to steal $8 million worth of...

Terminal copper-nitrenoid complexes have inspired interest in their fundamental bonding structures as well as their putative intermediacy in catalytic nitrene-transfer reactions. Here, we report that aryl azides react with a copper(I) dinitrogen complex bearing a sterically encumbered dipyrrin ligand to produce terminal copper nitrene complexes with near-linear, short copper–nitrenoid bonds [1.745(2) to 1.759(2) angstroms]. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations reveal a predominantly triplet nitrene adduct bound to copper(I), as opposed to copper(II) or copper(III) assignments, indicating the absence of a copper–nitrogen multiple-bond character. Employing electron-deficient aryl azides renders the copper nitrene species competent for alkane amination and alkene aziridination, lending further credence to the intermediacy of this species in proposed nitrene-transfer mechanisms.

Blood contains many types of cells, including many immune system components. Immune cells used to be characterized by marker-based assays, but now classification relies on the genes that cells express. Villani et al. used deep sequencing at the single-cell level and unbiased clustering to define six dendritic cell and four monocyte populations. This refined analysis has identified, among others, a previously unknown dendritic cell population that potently activates T cells. Further cell culture revealed possible differentiation progenitors within the different cell populations. Science , this issue p. eaah4573 Discovery of additional immune cell subtypes will help identify functions and immune monitoring during disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes play a central role in pathogen sensing, phagocytosis, and antigen presentation and consist of multiple specialized subtypes. However, their identities and interrelationships are not fully understood. Using unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of ~2400 cells, we identified six human DCs and four monocyte subtypes in human blood. Our study reveals a new DC subset that shares properties with plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) but potently activates T cells, thus redefining pDCs; a new subdivision within the CD1C + subset of DCs; the relationship between blastic plasmacytoid DC neoplasia cells and healthy DCs; and circulating progenitor of conventional DCs (cDCs). Our revised taxonomy will enable more accurate functional and developmental analyses as well as immune monitoring in health and disease.

The UK Biobank is a prospective study of 502,543 individuals, combining extensive phenotypic and genotypic data with streamlined access for researchers around the world 1 . Here we describe the release of exome-sequence data for the first 49,960 study participants, revealing approximately 4 million coding variants (of which around 98.6% have a frequency of less than 1%). The data include 198,269 autosomal predicted loss-of-function (LOF) variants, a more than 14-fold increase compared to the imputed sequence. Nearly all genes (more than 97%) had at least one carrier with a LOF variant, and most genes (more than 69%) had at least ten carriers with a LOF variant. We illustrate the power of characterizing LOF variants in this population through association analyses across 1,730 phenotypes. In addition to replicating established associations, we found novel LOF variants with large effects on disease traits, including PIEZO1 on varicose veins, COL6A1 on corneal resistance, MEPE on bone density, and IQGAP2 and GMPR on blood cell traits. We further demonstrate the value of exome sequencing by surveying the prevalence of pathogenic variants of clinical importance, and show that 2% of this population has a medically actionable variant. Furthermore, we characterize the penetrance of cancer in carriers of pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants. Exome sequences from the first 49,960 participants highlight the promise of genome sequencing in large population-based studies and are now accessible to the scientific community. Exome sequences from the first 49,960 participants in the UK Biobank highlight the promise of genome sequencing in large population-based studies and are now accessible to the scientific community.