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Polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins (PCDDs), as a class of persistent and highly toxic organic pollutants, have been posing a great threat to human health and the environment. The sensing of these compounds is important but challenging. Here, we report a highly stable zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF), Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 8 (HCOO) 2 (CPTTA) 2 (BUT-17) with one-dimensional hexagonal channels and phenyl-rich pore surfaces for the recognition and sensing of two representative PCDDs, 2,3-dichlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (BCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD), based on the fluorescence quenching. BUT-17 exhibits high sensing ability with the detection limits as low as 27 and 57 part per billion toward BCDD and TCDD, respectively, and is very selective as well without the interference of similar compounds. The recognition of BUT-17 toward BCDD is demonstrated by single-crystal structure of its guest-loaded phase, in which the fluorescence-quenched complexes form between the adsorbed BCDD molecules and the MOF host through π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. The sensing of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins (PCDDs) is important for the environment and public health but challenging to achieve. Here the authors report a stable zirconium-based metal-organic framework for the selective sensing of two representative PCCDs based on the fluorescence quenching method.

The design of stable electrolyte materials with high proton conductivity for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells remains a challenge. Most of the materials explored have good conductivity at high relative humidity (RH), but significantly decreased conductivity at reduced RH. Here we report a chemically stable and structurally flexible metal–organic framework (MOF), BUT-8(Cr)A, possessing a three-dimensional framework structure with one-dimensional channels, in which high-density sulfonic acid (–SO 3 H) sites arrange on channel surfaces for proton conduction. We propose that its flexible nature, together with its –SO 3 H sites, could allow BUT-8(Cr)A to self-adapt its framework under different humid environments to ensure smooth proton conduction pathways mediated by water molecules. Relative to other MOFs, BUT-8(Cr)A not only has a high proton conductivity of 1.27 × 10 −1  S cm −1 at 100% RH and 80 °C but also maintains moderately high proton conductivity at a wide range of RH and temperature. Proton-conducting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could be used as the electrolytes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells but chemically stable materials that perform well at low humidity are still sought. Here the authors prepare a stable, structurally flexible MOF that maintains high proton conductivity under a wide range of humidity.

Atmospheric ozone has long been a threat to human health, however, rational design of high-performance O 3 -decomposition catalysts remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the great potential of a series of isomorphous bimetallic MOFs denoted as PCN-250(Fe 2 M) (M = Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ ) in catalytic O 3 decomposition. Particularly, PCN-250(Fe 2 Co) showed 100% O 3 removal efficiency for a continuous air flow containing 1 ppm O 3 over a wide humidity range (0 ‒ 80% RH) at room temperature. Mechanism studies suggested that the high catalytic performance originated from the introduction of open Co(II) sites as well as its porous structure. Additionally, at low pressures around 10 Pa, PCN-250(Fe 2 Co) exhibited high adsorption capacities (89 ‒ 241 mg g −1 ) for most VOCs, which are not only a class of hazardous air pollutants but also the precursor of O 3 . This work opens up a new avenue to develop advanced air purification materials for O 3 and VOCs removal in one. Warm-season O 3 pollution has been increasingly frequent worldwide in the past few years, exposing a threat to human health as well as the natural environment. Here, the authors showcase a stable MOF which can not only effectively capture various airborne VOCs, but decompose trace O 3 in ambient air.

As a unique subclass of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), MOFs with open metal site (OMS) are demonstrated efficient gas separation performance through pi complexation with unsaturated hydrocarbons. However, their practical application faces the challenge of humidity that causes structure degradation and completive binding at the OMS. In this work, the effect of linker methylation of a copper MOF (BUT‐155) on the C2H2/CO2 separation performance under humid condition is evaluated. The water adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, and breakthrough under dry and humid conditions are performed. The BUT‐155 with methylated linker exhibits lower water uptake and adsorption kinetics under humid condition (RH = 20%), in comparison with HKUST‐1. Therefore, the C2H2/CO2 separation performance of BUT‐155 is much less affected by water, especially under higher gas flow rate. Moreover, the dynamic C2H2/CO2 separation performance of BUT‐155 can maintain five breakthrough cycles under humid conditions (RH = 20% and RH = 80%) without obvious performance degradation. The presence of abundant methyl groups in a Cu‐MOF leads to significantly reduced water uptake and slower water adsorption kinetics, thereby protecting the framework from hydrolysis, as well as inhibiting the water binding at open metal sites. Subsequently, C2H2/CO2 separation under different humid levels is realized with high recyclability.

Tens of thousands of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed in the past two decades, and only ≈100 of them have been demonstrated as porous and hydrophobic. These hydrophobic MOFs feature not only a rich structural variety, highly crystalline frameworks, and uniform micropores, but also a low affinity toward water and superior hydrolytic stability, which make them promising adsorbents for diverse applications, including humid CO2 capture, alcohol/water separation, pollutant removal from air or water, substrate‐selective catalysis, energy storage, anticorrosion, and self‐cleaning. Herein, the recent research advancements in hydrophobic MOFs are presented. The existing techniques for qualitatively or quantitatively assessing the hydrophobicity of MOFs are first introduced. The reported experimental methods for the preparation of hydrophobic MOFs are then categorized. The concept that hydrophobic MOFs normally synthesized from predesigned organic ligands can also be prepared by the postsynthetic modification of the internal pore surface and/or external crystal surface of hydrophilic or less hydrophobic MOFs is highlighted. Finally, an overview of the recent studies on hydrophobic MOFs for various applications is provided and suggests the high versatility of this unique class of materials for practical use as either adsorbents or nanomaterials. The structural design, preparation strategies, characterization methods, and potential applications of hydrophobic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of unique materials with both microporosity and hydrophobicity, are overviewed herein. It is highlighted that hydrophobic MOFs can be prepared by some facile procedures, and this type of materials can act as either advanced adsorbents or nanomaterials.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a new type of nanoporous materials with tailorable structures and functions. Usually, MOFs have uniform pores smaller than 2 nm in size, limiting their practical applications in some cases. Although a few approaches have been adopted to prepare MOFs with larger pores, it is still challenging to synthesize hierarchical-pore MOFs (H-MOFs) with high structural controllability and good stability. Here we demonstrate a facile and versatile method, an in situ self-assembly template strategy for fabricating stable H-MOFs, in which multi-scale soluble and/or acid-sensitive metal-organic assembly (MOA) fragments form during the reactions between metal ions and organic ligands (to construct MOFs), and act as removable dynamic chemical templates. This general strategy was successfully used to prepare various H-MOFs that show rich porous properties and potential applications, such as in large molecule adsorption. Notably, the mesopore sizes of the H-MOFs can be tuned by varying the amount of templates. The synthesis of porous materials with hierarchically-sized pores is an attractive target for a variety of applications. Here, the authors employ in situ generated metal-organic assemblies as metal-organic framework templates which, upon removal, yield single mesoporous-microporous materials.

Benzene and SO 2 , coexisting as hazardous air pollutants in some cases, such as in coke oven emissions, have led to detrimental health and environmental effects. Physisorbents offer promise in capturing benzene and SO 2 , while their performance compromises at low concentration. Particularly, the simultaneous capture of trace benzene and SO 2 under humid conditions is attractive but challenging. Here, we address this issue by constructing a robust pyrazolate metal-organic framework (MOF) sorbent featuring rich accessible Ni(II) sites with low affinity to water and good stability. This material achieves a high benzene uptake of 5.08 mmol g –1 at 10 Pa, surpassing previous benchmarks. More importantly, it exhibits an adsorption capacity of ~0.51 mmol g –1 for 10 ppm benzene and ~1.21 mmol g –1 for 250 ppm SO 2 under 30% relative humidity. This work demonstrates that a pioneering MOF enables simultaneous capture of trace benzene and SO 2 , highlighting the potential of physisorbents for industrial effluent remediation, even in the presence of moisture. Benzene and SO 2 coexist as hazardous air pollutants. Here the authors synthesized a robust pyrazolate MOF sorbent with accessible Ni(II) sites that can simultaneously capture trace amounts of benzene and SO 2 under humid conditions.

Enhancing electrocatalytic water splitting performance by modulating the intrinsic electronic structure is of great importance. Here, porous bimetallic oxide and chalcogenide nanosheets grown on carbon paper denoted as NiCo 2 X 4 /CP (X = O, S, and Se) are prepared to demonstrate how the anion components affect the electronic structures and thereby disclose the correlation between their intermediates interaction and catalytic activities. The experimental characterization and theoretical calculation demonstrate that Se and S substitution can promote the ratio of Co 3+ /Co 2+ and thereby modulate the electronic structure accompanied with the upshift of d band centers, which not only enhance the inner conductivity but also regulate the interaction between the catalyst surface and intermediates, especially for the adsorption of absorbed H and hydroperoxy intermediates towards respective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). As a result, a full alkaline electrolyzer using NiCo 2 Se 4 /CP and NiCo 2 S 4 /CP as cathode and anode delivers a low voltage of 1.51 V at 10 mA·cm −2 , which is comparable even superior to most transition metal-based electrolyzers.

In multiple myeloma (MM), while frequent mutations in driver genes are crucial for disease progression, they traditionally offer limited insights into patient prognosis. This study aims to enhance prognostic understanding in MM by analyzing pathway dysregulations in key cancer driver genes, thereby identifying actionable gene signatures. We conducted a detailed quantification of mutations and pathway dysregulations in 10 frequently mutated cancer driver genes in MM to characterize their comprehensive mutational impacts on the whole transcriptome. This was followed by a systematic survival analysis to identify significant gene signatures with enhanced prognostic value. Our systematic analysis highlighted 2 significant signatures, TP53 and LRP1B, which notably outperformed mere mutation status in prognostic predictions. These gene signatures remained prognostically valuable even when accounting for clinical factors, including cytogenetic abnormalities, the International Staging System (ISS), and its revised version (R-ISS). The LRP1B signature effectively distinguished high-risk patients within low/intermediate-risk categories and correlated with significant changes in the tumor immune microenvironment. Additionally, the LRP1B signature showed a strong association with proteasome inhibitor pathways, notably predicting patient responses to bortezomib and the progression from monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance to MM. Through a rigorous analysis, this study underscores the potential of specific gene signatures in revolutionizing the prognostic landscape of MM, providing novel clinical insights that could influence future translational oncology research. This study aimed to enhance prognostic understanding of multiple myeloma by analyzing pathway dysregulations in key cancer driver genes to identify actionable gene signatures.

Background Abiotic and biotic stresses severely affect the growth and reproduction of plants and crops. Determining the critical molecular mechanisms and cellular processes in response to stresses will provide biological insight for addressing both climate change and food crises. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a revolutionary tool that has been used extensively in plant stress research. However, no existing large-scale RNA-Seq database has been designed to provide information on the stress-specific differentially expressed transcripts that occur across diverse plant species and various stresses. Results We have constructed a comprehensive database, the plant stress RNA-Seq nexus (PSRN), which includes 12 plant species, 26 plant-stress RNA-Seq datasets, and 937 samples. All samples are assigned to 133 stress-specific subsets, which are constructed into 254 subset pairs, a comparison between selected two subsets, for stress-specific differentially expressed transcript identification. Conclusions PSRN is an open resource for intuitive data exploration, providing expression profiles of coding-transcript/lncRNA and identifying which transcripts are differentially expressed between different stress-specific subsets, in order to support researchers generating new biological insights and hypotheses in molecular breeding or evolution. PSRN is freely available at http://syslab5.nchu.edu.tw/PSRN .