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The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of SB on TRP-induced abnormalities of bone metabolism in LNCaP cells. The effects of different concentrations of SB and TRP alone and in combination on the proliferation of LNCaP cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration were screened for the subsequent experiments. Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to further investigate the effects of SB and TRP alone and in combination on the migration and invasion ability of LNCaP cells. Based on Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of LNCaP cells in the control group, SB group, TRP group and combination group were quantified. Bioinformatics technology was used to analyze the DEPs of LNCaP cells in each group. At last, the achieved key targets were verified by western blot. The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of SB and TRP alone and in combination on the proliferation, migration and invasion of LNCaP cells showed both time-dependent and concentration-dependent effects, and the inhibitory effects of the combination of drugs on LNCaP cells were more significant. The proteomics results showed that a total of 153 DEPs were identified in the SB group and the control group, 100 DEPs were identified in the TRP group and the control group, and 524 DEPs were identified in the combination group and the control group. Bioinformatics analysis showed that a higher number of DEPs were enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway in the SB and combined treatment groups compared to the control group. These findings suggest a potential role of SB and the combined treatment in modulating the IL-17 signaling pathway. In contrast, the same DEPs were found to be enriched in both the Circadian entrainment and Apelin signaling pathways in the TRP versus control and combined treatment versus control comparisons. SB may regulate TRP-induced bone metabolism abnormalities in LNCaP cells through the IL-17 signaling pathway as well as five DEPs: p-ERK2, RELA, HSP90B1, GNAI1and GNAI3.

In this work, we report numerical results on the flow instability and bifurcation of a viscoelastic fluid in the upstream region of a cylinder in a confined narrow channel. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations based on the FENE-P model (the finite-extensible nonlinear elastic model with the Peterlin closure) are conducted with numerical stabilization techniques. Our results show that the macroscopic viscoelastic constitutive relation can capture the viscoelastic upstream instability reported in previous experiments for low-Reynolds-number flows. The numerical simulations reveal that the non-dimensional recirculation length (LD) is affected by the cylinder blockage ratio (BR), the Weissenberg number (Wi), the viscosity ratio (β) and the maximum polymer extension (L). Close to the onset of upstream recirculation, LD with Wi satisfy Landau-type quartic potential under certain parameter space. The bifurcation may exhibit subcritical behaviour depending on the values of L2 and β. The parameters β and L2 have nonlinear influence on the upstream recirculation length. This work contributes to our theoretical understanding of this new instability mechanism in viscoelastic wake flows.

Image stitching is a critical preprocessing step in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing, however, it remains challenging for conventional methods due to large parallax, high resolution, and scene complexity, which often lead to visible seams or high computational overhead. To address these challenges, an unsupervised, mask-based image stitching approach is proposed in this study. The proposed approach reframes UAV image stitching as a 2D dense prediction and assigns the optimal pixel from source images to every pixel in the overlap. The proposed approach comprises two key components, i.e., Siamese-Residual Mask Network (SRMN) and Accelerated Inference via Scale Decoupling (AISD). The SRMN component leverages a Siamese architecture to extract multi-level features and compute residual discrepancies, guided by loss constraints of spatial consistency, smoothness, and quality-aware to generate seamless binary masks. By exploiting the strong entropy stability of binary masks across scales, the AISD component predicts masks at a low resolution. This allows for the accurate restoration of full-resolution masks for blending without requiring network retraining or structural changes. By decoupling mask prediction from high resolution processing, the proposed approach avoids expensive nonlinear operations while preserving fine details. Experiments on four UAV image datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods. The proposed approach improves PSNR by up to 28.58% and SSIM by up to 56.00%, while reducing processing time by up to 88.9% compared to state-of-the-art methods. These results validate the proposed approach as a robust solution for large-scale UAV image stitching, successfully balancing computational efficiency with visual fidelity.

In monocular vision measurement, a barrier to implementation is the perspective distortion caused by manufacturing errors in the imaging chip and non-parallelism between the measurement plane and its image, which seriously affects the accuracy of pixel equivalent and measurement results. This paper proposed a perspective distortion correction method for planar imaging based on homography mapping. Factors causing perspective distortion from the camera’s intrinsic and extrinsic parameters were analyzed, followed by constructing a perspective transformation model. Then, a corrected imaging plane was constructed, and the model was further calibrated by utilizing the homography between the measurement plane, the actual imaging plane, and the corrected imaging plane. The nonlinear and perspective distortions were simultaneously corrected by transforming the original image to the corrected imaging plane. The experiment measuring the radius, length, angle, and area of a designed pattern shows that the root mean square errors will be 0.016 mm, 0.052 mm, 0.16°, and 0.68 mm2, and the standard deviations will be 0.016 mm, 0.045 mm, 0.033° and 0.65 mm2, respectively. The proposed method can effectively solve the problem of high-precision planar measurement under perspective distortion.

The utilisation of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, as well as postoperative cognitive dysfunction, in patients undergoing general anesthesia. The objective of the present study is to explore the impact of total intravenous anaesthesia on the postoperative recovery process and the levels of inflammatory factors in urology patients undergoing retroperitoneal endoscopic surgery. This randomized controlled clinical trial is to be carried out at the Guanyun People's Hospital, China. Eighty adult participants scheduled for urological retroperitoneoscopic surgery under general anesthesia will be randomly distributed between two groups, namely the total intravenous anesthesia group and the inhalation anesthesia group (with a total of 40 participants in each group). The random distribution of participants between the two groups will be in a 1:1 ratio. The induction of anaesthesia will be administered to all patients using a combination of propofol, cisatracurium, and sufentanil. During the maintenance of general anaesthesia, the total intravenous anesthesia group will be administered propofol and remifentanil. Conversely, the inhalation anaesthesia group will be given sevoflurane and remifentanil. The primary outcome is measured by the patient's Global Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) score on post-operative day 1 (POD 1). The secondary outcomes include QoR-40 score on POD 2 and POD 3, levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6), pain scores at rest and while coughing, time to extubate, length of patients' stay in the post-anesthesia care unit, awakening time, ramsay sedation score on awakening, adverse events (postoperative symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, respiratory depression, hypoxemia). All analyses will be conducted in the modified intention-to-treat population. This randomised controlled trial is designed to detect the effects of total intravenous anaesthesia on the quality of recovery after surgery and the levels of inflammatory factors in the postoperative period, as measured in patients undergoing retroperitoneoscopic urological surgery. The findings will yield insights that will contribute to effective postoperative recovery strategies in patients who undergo retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for urinary system-related procedures. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500110244).

Objective Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis frequently cooccur in patients with multiple autoimmune conditions, but the specific association between UC and hypothyroidism is unknown. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) methods to determine the causal relationship between UC and hypothyroidism. Methods We obtained single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to ulcerative colitis (UC) and hypothyroidism from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) available in the public database of the Integrated Epidemiology Unit (IEU). To assess the causal relationship between UC and hypothyroidism, we employed MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode methods. Sensitivity analyses were performed using Cochran’s Q test, the horizontal pleiotropy test, and the leave-one-out (LOO) method to assess the reliability of the MR data. The genes corresponding to instrumental variables (IVs) were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of the Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis to explore the mechanisms behind the causal relationships at the gene level. Results Forward MR analysis indicated that hypothyroidism was associated with an increased risk of UC (IVW: P  = 0.02, OR = 9.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36–69.46). In contrast, reverse MR did not demonstrate a causal relationship between UC and hypothyroidism (IVW: P  = 0.53). Sensitivity analysis proved the reliability of the results. The PPI network revealed CD247, CD80, and STAT4 as central genes. GO and KEGG analyses revealed significant enrichment of the T cell, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathways. Conclusion Hypothyroidism was a risk factor for UC. The balance of T-cell differentiation played an important role in the process of hypothyroidism-induced UC, and IL-21 might be the key to finding a cure. Enrichment of PD-1/PD-L1 might attenuate inflammation by suppressing the immune action of T cells.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature on the quality of vermicompost and microbial profiles of dewatered sludge during vermicomposting. To do this, fresh sludge was separately vermicomposted with the earthworm Eisenia fetida under different temperature regimes, specifically, 15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C. The results showed that the growth rate of earthworms increased with temperature. Moreover, the lowest organic matter content along with the highest electrical conductivity, ammonia, and nitrate content in sludge were recorded for 25 °C indicating that increasing temperature significantly accelerated decomposition, mineralization, and nitrification. In addition, higher temperature significantly enhanced microbial activity in the first 30 days of vermicomposting, also exhibiting the fastest stabilization at 25 °C. High throughput sequencing results further revealed that the alpha diversity of the bacterial community was enhanced with increasing temperature resulting in distinct bacterial genera in each vermicompost. This study suggests that quality of vermicompost and dominant bacterial community are strongly influenced by the contrasting temperature during vermicomposting of sludge, with the optimal performance at 25 °C.

Background The Begonia species are common shade plants that are mostly found in southwest China. They have not been well studied despite their medicinal and decorative uses because gene penetration, decreased adaptability, and restricted availability are all caused by frequent interspecific hybridization. Result To understand the patterns of mutation in the chloroplast genomes of different species of Begonia , as well as their evolutionary relationships, we collected seven Begonia species in China and sequenced their chloroplast genomes. Begonia species exhibit a quadripartite structure of chloroplast genomes (157,634 − 169,694 bp), consisting of two pairs of inverted repeats (IR: 26,529 − 37,674 bp), a large single copy (LSC: 75,477 − 86,500 bp), and a small single copy (SSC: 17,861 − 18,367 bp). 128–143 genes (comprising 82–93 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, and 36–43 transfer RNAs) are found in the chloroplast genomes. Based on comparative analyses, this taxon has a relatively similar genome structure. A total of six substantially divergent DNA regions ( trn T-UGU- trn L-UAA, atp F- atp H, ycf 4- cem A, psb C- trn S-UGA, rpl 32- trn L-UAG, and ccs A- ndh D) are found in the seventeen chloroplast genomes. These regions are suitable for species identification and phylogeographic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Begonia species that were suited to comparable environments grouped in a small clade and that all Begonia species formed one big clade in the phylogenetic tree, supporting the genus’ monophyly. In addition, positive selection sites were discovered in eight genes ( rpo C1, rpo B, psb E, psb K, pet A, rps 12, rpl 2, and rpl 22), the majority of which are involved in protein production and photosynthesis. Conclusion Using these genome resources, we can resolve deep-level phylogenetic relationships between Begonia species and their families, leading to a better understanding of evolutionary processes. In addition to enhancing species identification and phylogenetic resolution, these results demonstrate the utility of complete chloroplast genomes in phylogenetically and taxonomically challenging plant groupings.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) has emerged as a promising photocatalytic material due to its inherent stability, antibacterial properties, and eco-friendliness. However, its tendency to aggregate and limited dispersion hinder its efficacy in practical antibacterial applications. To address these limitations, this study focuses on developing a composite hydrogel coating, in which sodium alginate (SA) molecules interact electrostatically and through hydrogen bonding to anchor CN, thereby significantly improving its dispersion. The optimal CN loading of 35% results in a hydrogel with a tensile strength of 120 MPa and an antibacterial rate of 99.87% within 6 h. The enhanced mechanical properties are attributed to hydrogen bonding between the -NH2 groups of CN and the -OH groups of SA, while the -OH groups of SA facilitate the attraction of photogenerated holes from CN, promoting carrier transfer and separation, thereby strengthening the antibacterial action. Moreover, the hydrogel coating exhibits excellent antibacterial and corrosion resistance capabilities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa on 316L stainless steel (316L SS), laying the foundation for advanced antimicrobial and anticorrosion hydrogel systems.