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Remote chemical detection in the atmosphere or some specific space has always been of great interest in many applications for environmental protection and safety. Laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) is a highly desirable technology, benefiting from high measurement sensitivity, improved spectral selectivity or resolution, fast response and capability of good spatial resolution, multi-species and standoff detection with a non-cooperative target. Numerous LAS-based standoff detection techniques have seen rapid development recently and are reviewed herein, including differential absorption LiDAR, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy, laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, dual comb spectroscopy, laser heterodyne radiometry and active coherent laser absorption spectroscopy. An update of the current status of these various methods is presented, covering their principles, system compositions, features, developments and applications for standoff chemical detection over the last decade. In addition, a performance comparison together with the challenges and opportunities analysis is presented that describes the broad LAS-based techniques within the framework of remote sensing research and their directions of development for meeting potential practical use.

The Neoproterozoic Jiangnan orogenic belt delineates the suture zone between the Cathaysia and Yangtze blocks of the South China Craton. The western part of the belt, in the Longsheng region, consists of a disrupted mafic-ultramafic assemblage of pillow basalt, gabbro, diabase, and peridotite along with siliceous marble, ophicalcite, and jasper mixed with basalt. Significant talc deposits occur on the margins of the ultramafic bodies as well as in the transition zone between marble and basalt. Primary rock relations are largely overprinted by pervasive shearing, resulting in disruption of the assemblage into series of discontinuous blocks within a phyllite matrix. West-dipping thrust faults mark the eastern contact of blocks, and the overall succession has the appearance of a tectonic melange. U-Pb zircon age data from the gabbros and diabases yield crystallization ages of 867 ± 10, 863 ± 8, and 869 ± 9 Ma, with positive εHf(τ) values. The gabbro, basalt, serpentinite, and some talc samples display minor light rare earth element-enriched patterns with obvious depletion of Nb and Ta, indicating a subduction-related setting. The tuffaceous phyllite shows similar geochemical features. A few mafic rocks and the altered ultramafic rocks display mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) affinity. Overall lithostratigraphic relationships, age data, and geochemical signatures suggest a forearc setting that was imbricated and disrupted within an accretionary prism environment to form an ophiolitic melange. The pillow basalt, red jasper, and MORB-type mafic-ultramafic rocks within the melange occur as exotic blocks derived from the subducting oceanic plate, whereas the arc-type mafic rocks occur as autochthonous blocks, which are all exposed in a matrix of sandy and tuffaceous phyllite.

The vast majority of gaseous chemical substances exhibit fundamental rovibrational absorption bands in the mid-infrared spectral region (2.5–25 μm), and the absorption of light by these fundamental bands provides a nearly universal means for their detection. A main feature of optical techniques is the non-intrusive in situ detection of trace gases. We reviewed primarily mid-infrared tunable laser-based broadband absorption spectroscopy for trace gas detection, focusing on 2008–2018. The scope of this paper is to discuss recent developments of system configuration, tunable lasers, detectors, broadband spectroscopic techniques, and their applications for sensitive, selective, and quantitative trace gas detection.

Heart failure (HF) is a major cardiovascular disease with high mortality worldwide, whose pathophysiology is multifaceted. Hypoxia has emerged as a critical factor contributing to the progression of heart failure. We aimed to examine the expression and functions of LncRNA Kcnq1ot1 in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes in the process of HF. H9C2 cell model was simulated by hypoxia treatment. TUNEL, ELISA, Western Blot and qRT-PCR assay were carried out to evaluate cell pyroptosis, inflammation and dysfunction. Subsequently, we identified the direct downstream target of Kcnq1ot1 by bioinformatics analysis, RNA pull-down, double Luciferase reporter gene and other functional experiments. Firstly, Kcnq1ot1 levels was revealed to be upregulated in hypoxia cells than in control cells, and miR-27b-3p showed the opposite trend. And as expected, inhibition of Kcnq1ot1 and overexpression of miR-27b-3p both protected H9C2 against hypoxia-induced pyroptosis, inflammation and dysfunction. Moreover, miR-27b-3p was proved to bind with Kcnq1ot1 and participated in Kcnq1ot1-mediated H9C2 injury under hypoxia by regulating the Wnt3a/β-Catenin/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Collectively, our study demonstrated that inhibition of Kcnq1ot1 protected cardiomyocyte against hypoxia-induced injury possibly via sponging miR-27b-3p, which could be useful as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HF patients.

Machine vision can prevent additional stress on yarn caused by contact measurement, as well as the risk of hairiness and breakage. However, the speed of the machine vision system is limited by image processing, and the tension detection method based on the axially moving model does not take into account the disturbance on yarn caused by motor vibrations. Thus, an embedded system combining machine vision with a tension observer is proposed. The differential equation for the transverse dynamics of the string is established using Hamilton’s principle and then solved. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is used for image data acquisition, and the image processing algorithm is implemented using a multi-core digital signal processor (DSP). To obtain the yarn vibration frequency in the axially moving model, the brightest centreline grey value of the yarn image is put forward as a reference to determine the feature line. The calculated yarn tension value is then combined with the value obtained using the tension observer based on an adaptive weighted data fusion method in a programmable logic controller (PLC). The results show that the accuracy of the combined tension is improved compared with the original two non-contact methods of tension detection at a faster update rate. The system alleviates the problem of inadequate sampling rate using only machine vision methods and can be applied to future real-time control systems.

Effective dynamic agricultural planning is crucial for optimising resource allocation and ensuring income stability, yet conventional methods often face limitations in adapting to the complex and variable conditions of mountainous regions, particularly under fluctuating climate and market pressures. Therefore, this study introduces a novel multi-stage dynamic optimization framework specifically designed for crop planning in such challenging terrains. This framework is underpinned by a sophisticated model integrating advanced monitoring systems with a Hybrid Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm (H-SAGA), further enhanced by neural network-driven real-time predictions. The H-SAGA component optimises planting strategies by synergistically combining global exploration (SA) and local refinement (GA) capabilities, while the neural network dynamically adjusts revenue forecasts based on climatic and market data, significantly improving the model’s responsiveness and adaptability. We rigorously evaluated the applicability and effectiveness of this model through extensive simulations across 7,290 mu (1,201 acres) of diverse farmland in mountainous Northern China. The results demonstrate that the proposed H-SAGA approach consistently achieves 5–10 percentage points higher profit increment ratios than other benchmark optimization algorithms (such as GA, SA, PSO, and ACO), alongside faster convergence and notable robustness against environmental and economic variability. This research establishes an integrated “monitoring-modelling-decision” paradigm, driven by multi-source data and machine learning, offering a practical and robust tool that provides valuable guidance for enhancing resource allocation efficiency and promoting sustainable precision agriculture in complex topographical regions, thereby holding significant reference value for optimising agricultural production nationwide.

Modern urban and rural planning has a long history in terms of epidemics. However, contemporary urban and rural planning lacks a comprehensive response map for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. As the process of comprehensive policies making for social issues, a bridge between urban and rural development and the prevention and control of infectious diseases must be established. This research sorts out the academic literature that studies the relationship and logic between epidemic infectious diseases and urban and rural physical environments. This research constructed links between issues of urban and rural planning and the means of prevention and control of epidemic infectious diseases, and drew them to form a comprehensive map which illustrates the logic paths between 12 issues of urban and rural planning and intricate factors of epidemic infectious diseases. The atlas provided in this study shows that planners could have a simplified, without missing key points, way to make, examine, and evaluate planning strategies from limited perspectives such as pathogen exposure opportunities, pathogen resistance, hosts, travel, and trade, when addressing pandemic issues.

This article mainly focuses on investigating the nonlinear co-integration and nonlinear causality relationships between oil prices and Chinese stock market at the overall and sectoral levels by using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) model and Diks and Panchenko (DP) test. The empirical results show that there are not significantly asymmetric co-integration effects between oil prices and Chinese stock market for the overall and sectoral levels. However, the significantly nonlinear causality between oil prices and Chinese stock market can be found. Specifically, oil prices can widely affect Chinese stock indices through nonlinear channel. The cases in the reverse also work for overall indices and Mining, Utilities, Financial and Real Estate sectors. Furthermore, the potential sources of these nonlinear causality linkages are examined. The results suggest that volatility persistence rather than asymmetrical co-integration is the major factor that accounts for the nonlinear causality between oil prices and Chinese stock market.

Postcollisional extrusion and tectonic evolution in the eastern Tianshan orogenic belt (ETOB) remains poorly known, especially the mechanism of dextral strike-slip motion and associated tectonic exhumation. To better constrain this development, a structural and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological study was carried out on a syndextral strike-slip intrusion the Jueluotag batholith-as well as on other granitic plutons in the ETOB. 40Ar/39Ar analyses of hornblende, biotite, K-feldspar, and plagioclase from quartz-mica diorite, granodiorite, and dioritic porphyry dykes were used to construct cooling histories of the ETOB. Hornblendes have cooling ages of 277-272 Ma, similar to the syntectonic granitic intrusions, but biotite ages are 261-254 Ma along the syndextral strike-slip pluton from east to west. The dextral strike-slip motion cuts through ∼268-Ma dioritic porphyry dikes as well. From these data we conclude that dextral strike-slip motion occurred from ∼270 to 245 Ma. Based on the syntectonic granitic intrusions, structural features, and cooling ages along or outside of the dextral strike-slip belt, we demonstrate that a positive flower structure is the main structural framework for the Paleozoic northern segment of the ETOB. Rapid cooling and tectonic exhumation occurred during ∼240-220 Ma along the ETOB but did not occur in the western Tianshan orogen. The central Tianshan crystalline belt along the Gangou-Aqikekuduk fault zone was cut and offset southeastward by the dextral strike-slip motion. This suggests that dextral strike-slip motion occurred later than sinistral strike-slip along the southern margin of the ETOB. Geological features and age constraints suggest that the postcollisional eastward extrusion occurred at ∼270-245 Ma with dextral strike-slip motion, syntectonic granitic intrusions, and synextrusion tectonic exhumation.

Accumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) functions as a critical regulator in cancer biology. Here, we characterized the role of lncRNA PCED1B antisense RNA 1 (PCED1B-AS1) in glioblastoma (GBM). PCED1B-AS1 was notably upregulated in GBM tissues and cell lines and closely associated with larger tumor size and higher grade. Patients with high PCED1B-AS1 had shorter survival time than those with low PCED1B-AS1. Functional experiments showed that depletion of PCED1B-AS1 significantly inhibited, while overexpression of PCED1B-AS1 promoted cell proliferation, glucose uptake, and lactate release. Mechanistically, PCED1B-AS1 was able to directly bind to the 5′-UTR of HIF-1α mRNA and potentiate HIF-1α translation, leading to increased HIF-1α protein level, thereby promoting the Warburg effect and tumorigenesis. Importantly, PCED1B-AS1 lost the carcinogenic properties in the absence of HIF-1α. In addition, we also confirmed the existence of the PCED1B-AS1/HIF-1α regulatory axis in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PCED1B-AS1 is a novel oncogenic lncRNA in GBM and functions in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, which provides a promising prognostic biomarker and druggable target for GBM.