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In recent years, the frequency of clinical application and international recognition of Chinese herbal medicines have been increasing, but the effect of Chinese herbal medicines on common clinical biochemical tests is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of baicalein, a Chinese herbal medicine ingredient, on uric acid (UA), cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and to alleviate the interference of baicalein on these assays by improving the reagent. The interferences of baicalein during the detection of these five analytes were investigated on the Hitachi 7600 system. We prepared UA assay kit according to commercial standards to facilitate the improvement of the formulation and evaluated its performance. Tempol, which could eliminate the interference of baicalein, was found based on the chemical properties of the drug, and the optimum concentration for adding it to our UA reagent was determined. We found that the interference was concentration-dependent for five analytes, with the largest negative interference on UA determination. Self-prepared UA assay kit had a safe analysis performance. Our kit and the commercial kit showed a higher interference of - 71.75% and − 89.98% at 200 µg/mL baicalein, respectively. The addition of 5 mmol/L Tempol to the UA reagent could strongly resist the interference of baicalein. In Conclusion, baicalein has a negative interference effect on analysis based on the Trinder reaction, especially UA assay. With the increase in baicalein concentrations, the negative bias increased, and our improved UA reagent could resist the interference of baicalein on UA detection.

Being cheap, nondestructive, and easy to use, gas sensors play important roles in the food industry. However, most gas sensors are suitable more for laboratory-quality fast testing rather than for cold-chain continuous and cumulative testing. Also, an ideal electronic nose (E-nose) in a cold chain should be stable to its surroundings and remain highly accurate and portable. In this work, a portable film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR)-based E-nose was built for real-time measurement of banana shelf time. The sensor chamber to contain the portable circuit of the E-nose is as small as a smartphone, and by introducing an air-tight FBAR as a reference, the E-nose can avoid most of the drift caused by surroundings. With the help of porous layer by layer (LBL) coating of the FBAR, the sensitivity of the E-nose is 5 ppm to ethylene and 0.5 ppm to isoamyl acetate and isoamyl butyrate, while the detection range is large enough to cover a relative humidity of 0.8. In this regard, the E-nose can easily discriminate between yellow bananas with green necks and entirely yellow bananas while allowing the bananas to maintain their biological activities in their normal storage state, thereby showing the possibility of real-time shelf time detection. This portable FBAR-based E-nose has a large testing scale, high sensitivity, good humidity tolerance, and low frequency drift to its surroundings, thereby meeting the needs of cold-chain usage.

Most of acridine based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are characterized by advantageous reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate (kRISCs) due to the perpendicular orientation of the acridine donor to the acceptor moiety, but suffer from a poor radiation rate (kr) typically in the order of 106 s−1. Herein, two sky blue TADF emitters 3,6‐DMAC‐AD‐Py and 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py were developed by linking acridine (DMAC) and spiro‐fluorene‐acridine (SFAC) donors to 10‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)acridin‐9(10H)‐one (AD‐Py) acceptor. Larger SFAC and electron‐deficient pyridyl groups are deliberately incorporated in 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py since the unique through‐space interaction between them is designed to drive the rotation of inner acridine ring in SFAC for enhancing frontier molecular orbitals overlap while keeping a decent TADF behavior. Thus, the kr of 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py is increased to 1.5 × 107 s−1. Simultaneously, SFAC donors improve spin orbital coupling strength and reduce the energy gaps, generating kRISC of 1.8 × 106 s−1. This is the first acridine donor based TADF emitter realizing kr of 107 s−1 and kRISC of 106 s−1 by a through‐space interaction strategy. 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py enables a highly efficient sky‐blue organic light‐emitting diode with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 34.7% and Commission International de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.19, 0.37). More importantly, the EQE still remained 27.6% and 16.9% at high brightness of 1000 and 10,000 cd m−2. Intramolecular through‐space interaction is designed for the first time in a thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter to pull the appropriate rotation of the acridine donor to deviate from the perpendicular orientation, which solves the common problem of insufficient FMO overlap to simultaneously enhance the radiation transition and reverse intersystem crossing process and thus lead to a high EQE of 34.7% with quite slow efficiency roll‐off in blue organic light‐emitting diodes.

IL-21/IL-21R signaling is crucial in various immune diseases and cellular development, however, its role in bacterial pneumonia remains unclear. Here, IL-21R knockout (IL-21R − /− ) mice were more susceptible to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) than wild-type (WT) mice. High-dimensional mass cytometry analysis revealed that IL-21R deficiency inhibited neutrophil activation, decreased the numbers of monocytes and proinflammatory macrophages, and augmented the defective CD3 low T cells in the lungs. Intracellular cytokine staining showed decreased IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-6 production in IL-21R − /− mice, particularly in CD8⁺ T cells. Furthermore, a previously unrecognized Ly6C + Ly6G + CD4 + T cell subset emerged only in the lungs of WT mice post-APP infection, which was in an activated status with stronger secretion capacities of IL-10, IL-21, granzyme B, and perforin by flow cytometry. These cells polarized macrophages into M2- or M1- phenotype without/with infection, respectively, and enhanced proliferation, phagocytosis, and macrophage extracellular traps/ROS-mediated bactericidal activity of macrophages against-APP, Klebsiella pneumoniae , or Escherichia coli infection. Thus, our study demonstrated that IL-21 drives the differentiation of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages into pro-inflammatory subsets. IL-21-induced Ly6C + Ly6G + CD4 + T cells cooperate with macrophages to enhance bacterial clearance, providing a promising target for preventing bacterial pneumonia.

Most of acridine based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are characterized by advantageous reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate ( k RISC s) due to the perpendicular orientation of the acridine donor to the acceptor moiety, but suffer from a poor radiation rate ( k r ) typically in the order of 10 6  s −1 . Herein, two sky blue TADF emitters 3,6‐DMAC‐AD‐Py and 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py were developed by linking acridine (DMAC) and spiro‐fluorene‐acridine (SFAC) donors to 10‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)acridin‐9(10 H )‐one (AD‐Py) acceptor. Larger SFAC and electron‐deficient pyridyl groups are deliberately incorporated in 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py since the unique through‐space interaction between them is designed to drive the rotation of inner acridine ring in SFAC for enhancing frontier molecular orbitals overlap while keeping a decent TADF behavior. Thus, the k r of 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py is increased to 1.5 × 10 7  s −1 . Simultaneously, SFAC donors improve spin orbital coupling strength and reduce the energy gaps, generating k RISC of 1.8 × 10 6  s −1 . This is the first acridine donor based TADF emitter realizing k r of 10 7  s −1 and k RISC of 10 6  s −1 by a through‐space interaction strategy. 3,6‐SFAC‐AD‐Py enables a highly efficient sky‐blue organic light‐emitting diode with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 34.7% and Commission International de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.19, 0.37). More importantly, the EQE still remained 27.6% and 16.9% at high brightness of 1000 and 10,000 cd m −2 .

In some traditional robot control systems, the communication between all kinds of sensors and CPU controllers is mostly based on the serial communication way which is difficult to adapt to the complex location environment in the industrial field. In order to solve this problem, through field experiments, it is found that CAN bus can be adaptable to severe environment due to its advantages of real-time communication and strong electromagnetic interference resistance. Based on this, this paper proposes a control system of omnidirectional mobile platform based on CAN bus, through the analysis of the motion of the angular velocity of the mobile platform, using CAN bus to collect the motor speed information and the fuzzy PID control algorithm to determine the precise motor speed, realizing high precision platform walking control. The results show that the system can carry out the work of material handling and assembly tools in a safe and normal way.

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has multiple biological effects. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective role and molecular mechanism of DEX against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) and/or DEX (30 µg/kg). We found that DEX improved LPS-induced alterations of hippocampal microstructure (necrosis and neuronal loss in the CA1 and CA3 regions) and ultrastructure (mitochondrial damage). DEX also attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and hippocampal apoptosis by inhibiting the increase of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and downregulating the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins. Moreover, DEX prevented the LPS-induced activation of the c-Myc/chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) pathway. DEX inhibited the p38 MAPK pathway, but not JNK and ERK. To further clarify whether DEX alleviated LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis through the p38 MAPK/c-Myc/CLIC4 pathway, we treated PC12 cells with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203582 (10 µM). DEX had the same effect as SB203582 in reducing the protein and mRNA expression of c-Myc and CLIC4. Furthermore, DEX and SB203582 diminished LPS-induced apoptosis, indicated by decreased Bax and Tom20 fluorescent double-stained cells, reduced annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis rate, and reduced protein expression levels of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3. Taken together, the findings indicate that DEX attenuates LPS-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by regulating the p38 MAPK/c-Myc/CLIC4 signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease and depression and may help aid in drug development for these diseases.

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication in the intensive care unit (ICU), and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an important treatment option. However, there is no clear standard for the optimal time to stop CRRT. The cardiorenal interaction effect suggests that there may be a potential link between cardiac function and CRRT. This study aimed to investigate the left ventricular diastolic function for predicting CRRT discontinuation. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. Results The study included 154 AKI patients admitted to ICUs undergoing CRRT from February 2023 to August 2024, which were divided into the successful downtime group (87 patients) and the failure group (67 patients), and their baseline data, laboratory indices, and ultrasound parameters were analyzed. The results showed that serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and E/eʹ measured at the time of CRRT discontinuation were significantly lower in the successful group than in the unsuccessful group (all P  < 0.05). A higher E/eʹ measured at the time of CRRT discontinuation was associated with a lower likelihood of successful CRRT discontinuation (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.61–0.83). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that E/eʹ at the time of CRRT discontinuation had good discriminative ability for successful discontinuation (AUC 0.832), with an empirically derived cut-off value of 8.62. Conclusion Our findings suggest that left ventricular diastolic function is associated with successful CRRT discontinuation in patients with AKI, and that E/eʹ may serve as a supportive, noninvasive parameter to complement clinical assessment at the time of CRRT discontinuation.

Hot deformation tests of 5CrNiMoV steel were performed at deformation temperatures of 700 to 870 °C and strain rates of 0.001 to 0.1 s −1 using the DIL 805D thermomechanical simulator. The critical strain and volume fraction models of Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) were constructed based on the work hardening theory. The results showed that the critical strain of DRX decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, which implies that DRX occurs easily at higher temperatures and lower strain rates. The average DRX grain size model was established to predict grain size changes during hot deformation. Based on the hot processing maps that were constructed using the Dynamic Material Model (DMM) and microstructure observation, the optimum hot working parameters for 5CrNiMoV steel are a deformation temperature of 800 °C–870 °C, a strain rate of 0.001–0.05 s −1 .

Reactant adsorption sites of novel metal catalysts are difficult to characterize precisely, which is vital for understanding heterogeneous reactions and designing efficient catalytic systems. However, even at cryogenic temperatures, a complete atomic understanding of catalytic reaction sites remains elusive, such as the variation in reactant molecule adsorption sites on metal nanoclusters (NCs). Here, we studied CO adsorption on the Pd NC of an Al2O3/NiAl(110) surface with atomic resolution by noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy at room temperature. We found that CO molecules are preferentially adsorbed on the Pd NC (~2 nm) on line defects. We investigated the consecutive scanning topographic AFM images of CO molecules on the Pd/Al2O3/NiAl surface and found the most stable adsorption site of CO molecules on bridge site and the most unstable adsorbed site on step_110, which are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This result reveals that the electronic and geometric properties of Pd NCs and CO molecules are expected to provide insight into the mechanism of Pd-based heterogeneous catalysis.