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Semantic communication and spectrum sharing are pivotal technologies in addressing the perennial challenge of scarce spectrum resources for the sixth-generation (6G) communication networks. Notably, scant attention has been devoted to investigating semantic resource allocation within spectrum sharing semantic communication networks, thereby constraining the full exploitation of spectrum efficiency. To mitigate interference issues between primary users and secondary users while augmenting legitimate signal strength, the introduction of Intelligent Reflective Surfaces (IRS) emerges as a salient solution. In this study, we delve into the intricacies of resource allocation for IRS-enhanced semantic spectrum sharing networks. Our focal point is the maximization of semantic spectral efficiency (S-SE) for the secondary semantic network while upholding the minimum quality of service standards for the primary semantic network. This entails the joint optimization of parameters such as semantic symbol allocation, subchannel allocation, reflective coefficients of IRS elements, and beamforming adjustment of secondary base station. Recognizing computational intricacies and interdependence of variables in the non-convex optimization problem formulated, we present a judicious approach: a hybrid intelligent resource allocation approach leveraging dueling double-deep Q networks coupled with the twin-delayed deep deterministic policy. Simulation results unequivocally affirm the efficacy of our proposed resource allocation approach, showcasing its superior performance relative to baseline schemes. Our approach markedly enhances the S-SE of the secondary network, thereby establishing its prowess in advancing the frontiers of semantic spectrum sharing (S-SE).

Natural components of breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to have a variety of functional activities and are widely used in infant formulas. However, the preventive and therapeutic effects of both on influenza viruses are not known. In this study, antiviral assays using a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) showed that 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) and OPN had the best antiviral ability with IC 50 values of 33.46 μM and 1.65 μM, respectively. 3′-SL (10 μM) and OPN (4 μM) were used in combination to achieve 75% inhibition. Further studies found that the combination of 200 μg/mL of 3′-SL with 500 μg/mL of OPN exerted the best antiviral ability. The reason for this was related to reduced levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in relation to mRNA expression. Plaque assay and TCID 50 assay found the same results and verified synergistic effects. Our research indicates that a combination of 3′-SL and OPN can effectively reduce inflammatory storms and exhibit anti-influenza virus effects through synergistic action.

Purpose This study aimed to identify the heterogeneity of attitudes toward ageing among older adults in the “early transition period” (the initial 2–4 weeks after nursing homes transition from home to nursing homes). and the mediation effect of self-efficacy between attitudes toward ageing and quality of life (QoL). Method A total of 300 older adults were enrolled from October 2023 to May 2024. Participants completed the General Information Questionnaire, the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ), the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Latent profile analysis (LPA), R3STEP methods, BCH methods, and mediation analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Results LPA categorized the attitudes toward ageing into three profiles: most negative (18.333%), moderately negative (64.000%), and positive (17.667%). Attitudes toward ageing profiles were associated with the following factors: age, pension, number of children, number of chronic diseases, ADL, willingness to reside in nursing homes, and social isolation. Self-efficacy partially mediates between attitudes toward ageing and the three dimensions of QoL (physical health, psychological health, and environmental health). Conclusions Older adults during the “early transition period” had negative attitudes toward ageing. It may be related to the Chinese traditional interpersonal communication mode, family culture, and various maladaptive problems. Older adults who have two or more children, chronic diseases, no pension, moderate to severe dependency, involuntary admission to nursing homes, and social isolation are associated with more negative attitudes toward ageing. Mediation analysis reminds that self-efficacy can be used as intervention targets to improve the QoL.

Background The purpose of this study was to construct a preterm birth prediction model based on electronic health records and to provide a reference for preterm birth prediction in the future. Methods This was a cross-sectional design. The risk factors for the outcomes of preterm birth were assessed by multifactor logistic regression analysis. In this study, a logical regression model, decision tree, Naive Bayes, support vector machine, and AdaBoost are used to construct the prediction model. Accuracy, recall, precision, F1 value, and receiver operating characteristic curve, were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the model, and the clinical application of the model was verified. Results A total of 5411 participants were included and were used for model construction. AdaBoost model has the best prediction ability among the five models. The accuracy of the model for the prediction of “non-preterm birth” was the highest, reaching 100%, and that of “preterm birth” was 72.73%. Conclusions By constructing a preterm birth prediction model based on electronic health records, we believe that machine algorithms have great potential for preterm birth identification. However, more relevant studies are needed before its application in the clinic.

Background Nursing students encounter various stressors during their clinical practicum; however, the stressors are not the same during different periods. At present, studies on the stressors and coping styles of nursing students in the middle period of their clinical practicum are rare. Aims The current study aimed to explore the stressors and coping styles of nursing students in the middle period of their clinical practicum. Methods A qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological method was conducted to collect data from 10 nursing students undergoing the middle period of their clinical practicum from December 2020 to February 2021. The data were collected by semistructured interviews using interview outlines prepared in advance. The data were analyzed by Colaizzi’s analysis method. Results The stressors experienced by nursing students in the middle period of their clinical practicum mainly included personal reasons, teaching arrangements, interpersonal relationships, occupational particularity and career planning. Additionally, nursing students coped with the stressors that they face in the clinical practicum by eliminating stressors and regulating emotions. Conclusions Nursing students experienced various stressors and used a variety of coping styles in the middle period of their clinical practicum, which was different from what occurred in the early and late periods. Targeted interventions should be formulated and implemented to relieve nursing students’ stress and guide them to adopt effective coping styles.

Background The incidence of Post Stroke Depression (PSD) in the Rehabilitation Stage is high, which can bring serious physical and psychological disorders to patients. However, there is still a lack of targeted tools for screening PSD in the rehabilitation stage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and reliability of a measurement instrument to screen for PSD in the rehabilitation stage. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 780 hospitalized stroke patients who were within the rehabilitation stage from May to August 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as well as first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to evaluate the factor structure of the newly developed Symptom Measurement of Post-Stroke Depression in the Rehabilitation Stage (SMPSD-RS). The reliability and validity of the SMPSD-RS were also verified using several statistical methods. Results EFA extracted a 24-item, five-factor (cognition, sleep, behavior, emotion, and obsession) model that can clinically explain the symptoms of PSD during the rehabilitation stage. A first-order CFA confirmed the EFA model with good model fit indices, and the second-order CFA further confirmed the five-factor structure model and showed acceptable model fit indices. Acceptable reliability and validity were also achieved by the corresponding indicators. Conclusion The SMPSD-RS was proven to have a stable factor structure and was confirmed to be reliable and valid for assessing PSD symptoms in stroke patients during the rehabilitation stage.

Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) constitutes an important complication of stroke, affecting approximately one-third of stroke patients. PSD decreases rehabilitation motivation, delays function recovery, and increases the family and social burden of stroke patients. Motivational interviewing (MI) may be an effective and practical intervention strategy, but its effectiveness in improving PSD remains uncertain. Methods A parallel two-group quasi-experimental study was conducted. Patients with early PSD were recruited from the neurology department of a hospital in southeast China and were allocated to the control group and intervention group by wards. Patients in the intervention group received one session of face-to-face motivational interviewing and three sessions of telephone motivational interviewing, while patients in the control group received routine nursing and follow-up of the neurology department. Outcomes including depression, sleep quality, and quality of life were evaluated at baseline (T0), after intervention immediately (T1) and three months after intervention (T2). Descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed rank sum test and generalized estimating equation were used to analyze data. Results There were no significant differences in patients’ sociodemographic and clinical information between the intervention and control groups at baseline. The scores for depression were statistically different between the two groups (Z=-5.757, p  < 0.001) at T1 and T2 (t=-7.964, p  < 0.001). The scores for sleep quality were statistically different between the two groups at T1 (Z=-2.840, p  = 0.005). The result of the generalized estimating equation modeling analyses indicated that interaction effects were statistically significant in depression and sleep quality scores. The intervention group showed a significantly higher rate of decrease in the depression score from T0 to T1 (95% CI: -11.227 to -7.748, p  < 0.001) and T0 to T2 (95% CI: -11.683, -6.170, p  < 0.001), compared with the control group; the intervention group had a greater reduction in the sleep score from T0 to T1 (95% CI: -2.502 to -0.962, p  < 0.001), compared with the control group. Conclusions MI could effectively improve depression and sleep quality in patients with early PSD. However, MI failed to improve quality of life in patients with early PSD. These findings provide a foundation for future large-scale randomized controlled trials to further evaluate the efficacy of MI in patients with early PSD. Trial registration Retrospectively Registered, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn || ChiCTR2200064386|| Registration Date: 2022/10/06).

Background Nursing is a stressful profession that can impact the physical and mental health of nurses as well as the safety of patients. Furthermore, various factors may affect the job stress of nurses. However, recent studies mainly focused on the overall level of job stress and its related factors, ignoring the population heterogeneity of nurses’ job stress. Methods A total of 440 nurses participated in the questionnaire survey between March 2023 and April 2023. Data were collected using the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Nursing Job Stressor Inventory, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, and the Nurse Job Performance Scale. A latent profile analysis was used to identify the latent profiles of job stress. Kruskal-Wallis H test and ordinal logistic regression were used to explore the predictors of different profiles. Results The job stress of nurses could be classified into four profiles: relatively low job stress, relatively high job stress, high job stress, and the highest job stress. Generalized anxiety disorder, job performance, health status, and dislike of nursing as a career were predictors of different profiles. Conclusions The majority of nurses were classified into profile 2, and their job stress was relatively high. Lowering anxiety levels, enhancing job performance, improving nurses’ health status, and changing professional attitudes toward nursing may be effective ways to reduce nurses’ job stress.

Background Undergraduate nursing students suffer from considerable psychological distress, which affects their academic and clinical practice performance. Current research on the psychological distress of undergraduate nursing students has focused mainly on its overall level and ignored its heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify the heterogeneity in psychological distress among undergraduate nursing students and further explore the influencing factors (demographic variables, core self-evaluation, emotional intelligence and its dimensions) of different psychological distress profiles. Method This study adopted a cross-sectional design. A total of 397 undergraduate nursing students from a medical university located in southeast China were recruited in December 2023. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, the 10-item Kessler psychological distress scale, the core self-evaluation scale, and the emotional intelligence scale. A latent profile analysis was used to identify the heterogeneity in psychological distress among undergraduate nursing students. In addition, multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different psychological distress profiles of undergraduate nursing students. Results Four psychological distress profiles of undergraduate nursing students were identified: the low psychological distress group, the medium psychological distress group, the medium psychological distress-low anxiety group, and the high psychological distress group. The educational level of the mother, core self-evaluation, use of emotion, and regulation of emotion were significant influencing factors of different psychological distress profiles. Conclusion Nearly half of the undergraduate nursing students were classified into the medium psychological distress group and the medium psychological distress-low anxiety group. Special attention should be given to undergraduate nursing students whose mothers have higher educational levels, as these students may suffer from higher levels of psychological distress due to greater family expectations. In addition, strengthening undergraduate nursing students’ core self-evaluation and improving their ability to use and regulate emotion may be effective strategies to improve these students’ psychological distress. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Background Developing a strong professional identity is crucial to helping nursing students pursing nursing career. Stress and coping are two factors that may influence professional identity. The relationship between nursing interns’ professional identity, coping, and perceived stress, however, has not received much attention in the literature. This study aimed to examine the role of coping as a mediator in the relationship between perceived stress and professional identity among nursing interns. Methods In September 2020, a cross-sectional study was done at a Chinese medical university. Data were collected online from 213 nursing interns via convenience sampling using the personal characteristics questionnaire, the professional identity scale for nursing students, the stress rating scale for nursing students in practice and the simplified coping style questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis, and a bootstrap approach with SPSS Process macro were adopted to examine the mediating role of coping on perceived stress and professional identity. Results The overall mean score for nursing interns’ professional identity was 3.30 ± 0.51. Perceived stress was negatively correlated with professional identity ( r = -0.217, p  < 0.01), and positively correlated with positive coping style ( r  = 0.168, p  < 0.05). Positive coping style was positively correlated with professional identity ( r  = 0.177, p  < 0.01). Positive coping style acted as a mediator between perceived stress and professional identity among nursing interns. Conclusion This study showed that nursing interns had a medium level of professional identity and the negative influence of stress perceived by nursing interns on their professional identity might be buffered by the increased use of positive coping style. Therefore, coping training programs should be developed to help mitigate the negative impact of stress on the professional identity of nursing interns in clinical practicum.