Explore the vast range of titles available.

Peritoneal metastatic cancer comprises a heterogeneous group of primary tumors that originate in the peritoneal cavity or metastasize into the peritoneal cavity from a different origin. Metastasis is a characteristic of end-stage disease, often indicative of a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. Peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) are a thin layer of cells present on the surface of the peritoneum. They display differentiated characteristics in embryonic development and adults, representing the first cell layer encountering peritoneal tumors to affect their progression. PMCs have been traditionally considered a barrier to the intraperitoneal implantation and metastasis of tumors; however, recent studies indicate that PMCs can either inhibit or actively promote tumor progression through distinct mechanisms. This article presents a review of the role of PMCs in the progression of peritoneum implanted tumors, offering new ideas for therapeutic targets and related research.

The all-metal conical screw pump can achieve efficient lifting of fluids with different viscosities by adjusting the stator-rotor clearance fit. To investigate the operational characteristics of the all-metal conical screw pump under various fluid viscosities, this study builds upon outdoor experiments and employs numerical simulation for further analysis. The effects of stator-rotor clearance fit and rotor speed on pump displacement, energy efficiency, torque, and volumetric efficiency under different fluid viscosities are obtained. Reasonable operating parameters are recommended for heavy-oil reservoirs under different lifting conditions. The results indicate that the all-metal conical screw pump overcomes the limitations of traditional elastomer pumps and equal-diameter metal pumps, enabling efficient lifting across a wide viscosity range. Fluids of different viscosities correspond to different operating conditions: for high-viscosity fluids, the pump’s energy efficiency increases first and then decreases with larger clearances, while it decreases with increasing rotor speed. Under thermal recovery of heavy oil, the pump should operate with small clearance and high speed, whereas under cold production, large clearance and low speed are preferable.

A peritoneal adhesion (PA) is a fibrotic tissue connecting the abdominal or visceral organs to the peritoneum. The formation of PAs can induce a variety of clinical diseases. However, there is currently no effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of PAs. Damage to peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is believed to cause PAs by promoting inflammation, fibrin deposition, and fibrosis formation. In the early stages of PA formation, PMCs undergo mesothelial–mesenchymal transition and have the ability to produce an extracellular matrix. The PMCs may transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and accelerate the formation of PAs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to understand the mechanism of action of PMCs in PAs, and to offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment and prevention of PAs.

This study investigates the interannual variability of the North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW) under the phase relationship of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), based on multiple observational data sets. Peaks and troughs of the CMW variability are primarily observed when ENSO and PDO are in phase, but only moderate variation when ENSO and PDO are out of phase. In El Niño spring during positive PDO, extreme CMW ventilation takes place in the central North Pacific (180°–155°W, 30°–40°N), where no local ventilation occurs for other cases. Such extreme CMW ventilation induces stronger temperature anomalies, which persist longer and penetrate deeper. Our results suggest that CMW, representing a long‐term ocean memory, may play a more significant role in tropical‐extratropical interactions than ever expected. Plain Language Summary The North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW) is a vertically homogeneous thermocline water mass in the central North Pacific, affecting the subtropical gyre's large‐scale circulation and the storage of heat and carbon. Previous studies mainly focus on the CMW variability forced by Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), without considering the relative phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The present study finds that the interannual variability of CMW is significantly related to the ENSO‐PDO phase relationship. For in‐phase conditions, the CMW is strongest in the decay year of El Niño during positive PDO, and the CMW is weakest in the decay year of La Niña during negative PDO. For out‐of‐phase conditions, by contrast, the CMW variation is moderate. After El Niño winter during positive PDO, the strongest surface buoyancy loss sharply deepens the mixed layer and injects well‐mixed surface water into the thermocline in the central North Pacific (180°–155°W, 30°–40°N), where no such “ventilation” occurs for other cases. The extreme CMW ventilation favors the transport of anthropogenic heat, carbon, oxygen & nutrient rich waters into the deep ocean, important for the climate system. Key Points Abnormal ventilation of the North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW) occurs east of the Dateline after El Niño winter during positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) The CMW is strongest (weakest) in the decay year of El Niño (La Niña) when accompanied by a positive (negative) PDO When ENSO and PDO are in phase, the CMW temperature anomalies are stronger, persist longer and penetrate deeper

Early diagnosis, accurate assessment, and localization of peritoneal metastasis (PM) are essential for the selection of appropriate treatments and surgical guidance. However, available imaging modalities (computed tomography [CT], conventional magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [PET]/CT) have limitations. The advent of new imaging techniques and novel molecular imaging agents have revealed molecular processes in the tumor microenvironment as an application for the early diagnosis and assessment of PM as well as real-time guided surgical resection, which has changed clinical management. In contrast to clinical imaging, which is purely qualitative and subjective for interpreting macroscopic structures, radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) capitalize on high-dimensional numerical data from images that may reflect tumor pathophysiology. A predictive model can be used to predict the occurrence, recurrence, and prognosis of PM, thereby avoiding unnecessary exploratory surgeries. This review summarizes the role and status of different imaging techniques, especially new imaging strategies such as spectral photon-counting CT, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and PET/MRI, for early diagnosis, assessment of surgical indications, and recurrence monitoring in patients with PM. The clinical applications, limitations, and solutions for fluorescence imaging, radiomics, and AI are also discussed.

Rezvilutamide, a novel androgen-receptor inhibitor with low blood–brain barrier penetration, has shown potent antitumour activity against metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rezvilutamide versus bicalutamide in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for high-volume, metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. CHART is a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study done at 72 hospitals in China, Poland, Czech Republic, and Bulgaria. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1, and had high-volume metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Previous chemotherapy or other localised treatment for prostate cancer were not allowed. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive ADT plus either rezvilutamide (240 mg) or bicalutamide (50 mg) orally once daily. Randomisation was done via an interactive response technology system (block size of four) and stratified according to ECOG performance status and presence of visceral metastasis (excluding lymph nodes). Herein, we present the results of the preplanned interim analyses for the two co-primary endpoints of radiographic progression-free survival assessed by a blinded independent review committee and overall survival in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study medication. This study is ongoing, but is closed to recruitment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03520478. Between June 28, 2018, and Aug 6, 2020, 792 patients were screened and 654 patients were randomly assigned to receive rezvilutamide plus ADT (n=326) or bicalutamide plus ADT (n=328). At the preplanned interim analysis for radiographic progression-free survival (data cutoff May 16, 2021), the median follow-up duration was 21·2 months (IQR 16·6–25·8). Rezvilutamide significantly improved radiographic progression-free survival compared with bicalutamide (median radiographic progression-free survival not reached [95% CI not reached–not reached] vs 25·1 months [95% CI 15·7–not reached]; hazard ratio [HR] 0·44 [95% CI 0·33–0·58]; p<0·0001). At the preplanned interim analysis for overall survival (data cutoff Feb 28, 2022), the median follow-up duration was 29·3 months (IQR 21·0–33·3). Rezvilutamide significantly improved overall survival compared with bicalutamide (HR 0·58 [95% CI 0·44–0·77]; p=0·0001; median overall survival was not reached [95% CI not reached–not reached] vs not reached [36·2–not reached]). The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events of any cause in the safety population were hypertension (26 [8%] of 323 patients in the rezvilutamide group vs 24 [7%] of 324 patients in the bicalutamide group), hypertriglyceridaemia (24 [7%] vs seven [2%]), increased weight (20 [6%] vs 12 [4%]), anaemia (12 [4%] vs 16 [5%]), and hypokalaemia (11 [3%] vs four [1%]). Serious adverse events were reported in 90 (28%) of 323 patients in the rezvilutamide group and 69 (21%) of 324 patients in the bicalutamide group. No treatment-related deaths occurred in patients in the rezvilutamide group; one treatment-related death of unknown specific cause (<1%) occurred in the bicalutamide group. In the two interim analyses, rezvilutamide plus ADT significantly improved radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival compared with bicalutamide plus ADT in patients with high-volume, metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, with a tolerable safety profile. Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals.

The high pressure in some gas wells, such as those in the Xushen gas field in Daqing, China, makes them susceptible to freezing and hydrate blockages. Downhole throttling technology is widely used to reduce costs during well construction, however, due to the limitations of temperature, pressure and depth structure, this technology is sometime applied independently in some gas wells in which freezing and blockages are a frequent problem that can seriously affect production capacity. Moreover, artificial alcohol injection of ‘passive plugging’ to prevent hydrate formation not only consumes significant amounts of methanol but its efficiency is also dependent on factors such as weather, personnel and equipment, so it is not a continuous solution. In order to solve the above problems, the mechanism of hydrate formation was analyzed in this study, from which a combined mechanical and chemical hydrate control process was developed. OLGA software was used to design the process parameters of the novel mechanical and chemical inhibition technology for hydrate prevention and control, and also to simulate and analyze the wellhead temperature, pressure and hydrate generation once the process was implemented. Based on the results of the parameters calculation, the downhole throttle and hydrate inhibitor automatic filling device are used to realize the functions of downhole throttle depressurization and hydrate inhibitor continuous filling, reduce the wellhead pressure and hydrate generation temperature, and ensure the continuous production of gas well. This novel combination process was subsequently tested in three wells in the Daqing gas oilfield. Measurements showed that the average daily gas increase from a single well was 0.5×10 4 m 3 , methanol consumption was reduced from the original maximum daily amount of 1750 kg to just 60 kg, the manual maintenance workload was reduced by 80%, and the rate of the well openings was increased from 45% to 100%. These results proved that this technology is feasible and efficient for applications in gas wells with high downhole pressure and low wellhead temperature, and, thus, provides important technical support for the prevention of gas hydrate and improvement of gas well production.

The oil content of shale oil reservoirs is a key parameter for reserve evaluation and “sweet spot” selection. However, discrepancies in the oil contents obtained by different methods have led to considerable disparities in the selection of exploration well locations and development strategies for shale oil. This study focuses on low to moderately mature sealed coring samples from the Dongying Depression in the Bohai Bay Basin. Three methods—NMR, Dean–Stark, and Rock-Eval—were employed to measure the oil content of shale. The results indicate that the oil content obtained by NMR is the highest, followed by the Dean–Stark distillation extraction method, while the pyrolysis method yields the lowest value. The study found that (1) the efficiency of the solvent extraction effect on moderately to low-mature shale is low since the occurrence of numerous closed pores leads to a lower yield when using the Dean–Stark method. (2) The exposure of shale samples to the air, sample crushing, and lag time for temperature increase cause a significant loss of light hydrocarbon components, resulting in the lowest oil content when measured by the Rock-Eval method. The NMR method, with its advantages of a short analysis time and non-destructive nature, appears to be the most advantageous method for shale oil content evaluation.

In the final phases of casing production, shale gas horizontal wells with a downward slope frequently find it difficult to sustain self-flow production. The ideal tubing insertion depth for self-flow production in gas wells has not been thoroughly studied, even though the timely adoption of tubing production can successfully prolong the self-flow production period. Using a fully dynamic multiphase flow simulation program, the ideal tubing depth for gas well self-flow production was ascertained. A wellbore structural model was built using a particular well as an example. By altering the tubing depth, the formation pressure limit values necessary to sustain gas well self-flow production at various tubing depths were simulated. The appropriate tubing depth for gas well self-flow production was examined, along with the well’s cumulative gas output at various tubing depths. Using the example as a case study, it was discovered that the critical formation pressure for gas well self-flowing production dropped to 7.8 MPa when the tubing was lowered to 2600 m. This effectively increased cumulative production by 56.19 × 106 m3 and extended the self-flow production time by roughly 135 days. The study’s findings offer strong evidence in favor of maximizing shale gas wells’ self-flow production performance in later phases of production.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play critical roles in broccoli’s sensory attributes, defense mechanisms, and ecological interactions, yet comprehensive profiling of its volatilome remains limited. This study aimed to construct a robust and inclusive volatile metabolite database for broccoli using advanced analytical techniques. A pooled sample comprising florets from 191 cultivars was prepared to capture broad chemical diversity and analyzed using solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-HRMS) under dual ionization modes: electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI). A total of 206 VOCs spanning nine chemical classes were detected, with 37 compounds further confirmed through synchronized CI analysis. To validate the database, broccoli florets from seven distinct cultivars were analyzed using the same workflow. Of the 206 compounds, 187 (90.78%) were detected in at least one cultivar, while 38 were consistently found across all samples, indicating a conserved core volatilome. Principal component analysis revealed distinct VOC profiles among cultivars, and freeze-dried samples were found suitable for reproducible large-scale analysis. This study demonstrates that a pooled-sample strategy coupled with dual-ionization GC-HRMS provides comprehensive and reliable VOC coverage. The resulting database offers a valuable resource for metabolomics studies in Brassica, with applications in cultivar differentiation, flavor research, and environmental response profiling.