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"Li, Lan"
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Shakespeare in Asia : contemporary performance
\"Addressing both theoretical and practical questions surrounding Shakespeare in contemporary Asia, this book asks why Shakespeare has been of use in these vast regions of the world that have no need to call on him.\"--Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Association between different insulin resistance surrogates and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension: NHANES longitudinal cohort study
Background
Studies on the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) surrogates and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension are lacking. This study aimed to explore the relationship between different IR surrogates and all-cause mortality and identify valuable predictors of survival status in this population.
Methods
The data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001–2018) and National Death Index (NDI). Multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were performed to evaluate the relationship between homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), triglyceride glucose index (TyG index), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index) and all-cause mortality. The recursive algorithm was conducted to calculate inflection points when segmenting effects were found. Then, segmented Kaplan–Meier analysis, LogRank tests, and multivariable Cox regression were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were drawn to evaluate the differentiation and accuracy of IR surrogates in predicting the all-cause mortality. Stratified analysis and interaction tests were conducted according to age, gender, diabetes, cancer, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering drug use.
Results
1126 participants were included in the study. During the median follow-up of 76 months, 455 participants died. RCS showed that HOMA-IR had a segmented effect on all-cause mortality. 3.59 was a statistically significant inflection point. When the HOMA-IR was less than 3.59, it was negatively associated with all-cause mortality [HR = 0.87,95%CI (0.78, 0.97)]. Conversely, when the HOMA-IR was greater than 3.59, it was positively associated with all-cause mortality [HR = 1.03,95%CI (1.00, 1.05)]. ROC and calibration curves indicated that HOMA-IR was a reliable predictor of survival status (area under curve = 0,812). No interactions between HOMA-IR and stratified variables were found.
Conclusion
The relationship between HOMA-IR and all-cause mortality was U-shaped in patients with CHD and hypertension. HOMA-IR was a reliable predictor of all-cause mortality in this population.
Journal Article
Krüppel-like factor 15 in liver diseases: Insights into metabolic reprogramming
Liver diseases, characterized by metabolic disorder, have become a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a zinc-finger transcription factor mainly enriched in liver. Increasing evidence suggests that hepatic KLF15 is activated rapidly during fasting, and contributes to the regulation of gluconeogenesis, lipid, amino acid catabolism, bile acids, endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism. This review summarizes the latest advances of KLF15 in metabolic reprogramming, and explore the function of KLF15 in acute liver injury, hepatitis B virus, and autoimmune hepatitis. which aims to evaluate the potential of KLF15 as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for liver diseases.
Journal Article
Sources, resolution and physiological relevance of R-loops and RNA–DNA hybrids
RNA–DNA hybrids are generated during transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair and are crucial intermediates in these processes. When RNA–DNA hybrids are stably formed in double-stranded DNA, they displace one of the DNA strands and give rise to a three-stranded structure called an R-loop. R-loops are widespread in the genome and are enriched at active genes. R-loops have important roles in regulating gene expression and chromatin structure, but they also pose a threat to genomic stability, especially during DNA replication. To keep the genome stable, cells have evolved a slew of mechanisms to prevent aberrant R-loop accumulation. Although R-loops can cause DNA damage, they are also induced by DNA damage and act as key intermediates in DNA repair such as in transcription-coupled repair and RNA-templated DNA break repair. When the regulation of R-loops goes awry, pathological R-loops accumulate, which contributes to diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of the sources of R-loops and RNA–DNA hybrids, mechanisms that suppress and resolve these structures, the impact of these structures on DNA repair and genome stability, and opportunities to therapeutically target pathological R-loops.RNA–DNA hybrids and R-loop structures are widespread during transcription, replication and DNA repair. R-loops regulate gene expression, but their unfettered accumulation causes genome instability and contributes to neurodegeneration and cancer. Recent mechanistic understanding of R-loop suppression provides therapeutic opportunities to target them.
Journal Article
Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin
Cross-species transmission of viruses from wildlife animal reservoirs poses a marked threat to human and animal health
1
. Bats have been recognized as one of the most important reservoirs for emerging viruses and the transmission of a coronavirus that originated in bats to humans via intermediate hosts was responsible for the high-impact emerging zoonosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
–
10
. Here we provide virological, epidemiological, evolutionary and experimental evidence that a novel HKU2-related bat coronavirus, swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), is the aetiological agent that was responsible for a large-scale outbreak of fatal disease in pigs in China that has caused the death of 24,693 piglets across four farms. Notably, the outbreak began in Guangdong province in the vicinity of the origin of the SARS pandemic. Furthermore, we identified SADS-related CoVs with 96–98% sequence identity in 9.8% (58 out of 591) of anal swabs collected from bats in Guangdong province during 2013–2016, predominantly in horseshoe bats (
Rhinolophus
spp.) that are known reservoirs of SARS-related CoVs. We found that there were striking similarities between the SADS and SARS outbreaks in geographical, temporal, ecological and aetiological settings. This study highlights the importance of identifying coronavirus diversity and distribution in bats to mitigate future outbreaks that could threaten livestock, public health and economic growth.
Analysis of viral samples from deceased piglets shows that a bat coronavirus was responsible for an outbreak of fatal disease in China and highlights the importance of the identification of coronavirus diversity and distribution in bats in order to mitigate future outbreaks of disease.
Journal Article
Antisite occupation induced single anionic redox chemistry and structural stabilization of layered sodium chromium sulfide
The intercalation compounds with various electrochemically active or inactive elements in the layered structure have been the subject of increasing interest due to their high capacities, good reversibility, simple structures, and ease of synthesis. However, their reversible intercalation/deintercalation redox chemistries in previous compounds involve a single cationic redox reaction or a cumulative cationic and anionic redox reaction. Here we report an anionic redox chemistry and structural stabilization of layered sodium chromium sulfide. It was discovered that the sulfur in sodium chromium sulfide is electrochemically active, undergoing oxidation/reduction rather than chromium. Significantly, sodium ions can successfully move out and into without changing its lattice parameter
c
, which is explained in terms of the occurrence of chromium/sodium vacancy antisite during desodiation and sodiation processes. Our present work not only enriches the electrochemistry of layered intercalation compounds, but also extends the scope of investigation on high-capacity electrodes.
The rational design of intercalation electrodes is largely confined to the optimization of redox chemistry of transition metals and oxygen. Here, the authors report the single anionic redox process in NaCrS
2
where it is sulfur rather than chromium that works as the electrochemical active species.
Journal Article
Prognostic significance of immune landscape in tumour microenvironment of endometrial cancer
Tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial to tumorigenesis. This study aimed to uncover the differences in immune phenotypes of TME in endometrial cancer (EC) using Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC) cohort and explore the prognostic significance. We employed GVSA enrichment analysis to cluster The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) EC samples into immune signature cluster modelling, evaluated immune cell profiling in UCEC cohort (n = 538) and defined four immune subtypes of EC. Next, we analysed the correlation between immune subtypes and clinical data including patient prognosis. Furthermore, we analysed the expression of immunomodulators and DNA methylation modification. The profiles of immune infiltration in TCGA UCEC cohort showed significant difference among four immune subtypes of EC. Among each immune subtype, natural killer T cells (NKT), dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+T cells were significantly associated with EC patients survival. Each immune subtype exhibited specific molecular classification, immune cell characterization and immunomodulators expression. Moreover, the expression immunomodulators were significantly related to DNA methylation level. In conclusion, the identification of immune subtypes in EC tissues could reveal unique immune microenvironments in EC and predict the prognosis of EC patients.
Journal Article
The relationship between organizational climate, job stress, workplace burnout, and retention of pharmacists
Objectives This study explored the relationship between organizational climate, job stress, workplace burnout, and retention of pharmacists. This study adopted a cross‐sectional design and conducted a questionnaire survey of pharmacists working at three teaching hospitals (a district teaching hospital, a regional teaching hospital, and a medical center). Methods The sampling criteria were a license to practice pharmacy and a willingness to sign a written consent form to participate in this study. Results One hundred ten questionnaires were distributed, of which 101 contained valid responses, yielding a valid return rate of 91.82%. A significant correlation was evident between organizational climate, job stress, workplace burnout, and retention. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that demographic variables, organizational climate, job stress, and workplace burnout had a predictive power of 55.6% for retention (F = 9.712***, P < .001). Organizational climate had a significant positive correlated with retention (β = 0.401*, P < .001). Conclusions The results of this study can help hospitals to create a friendly and healthy workplace, instruct hospital managers how to improve their organizational climates, and reduce pharmacists’ job stress and workplace burnout, thereby enhancing the quality of pharmacy service and medication safety and eventually improving pharmacists’ intention to stay.
Journal Article