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In this research, a metal-free diastereoselective formal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines and cyclopentene-1,3-diones which can efficiently lead to the desymmetrization of cyclopentene-1,3-diones is developed. With the developed protocol, a series of tetracyclic spirooxindoles containing pyrrolidine and cyclopentane subunits can be smoothly obtained with good results (up to 99% yield and 91:9 dr). Furthermore, the methodology can be extended to trifluoromethyl-substituted iminomalonate, and the corresponding formal [3+2] cycloaddition reaction affords bicyclic heterocycles containing fused pyrrolidine and cyclopentane moieties in moderate yields with >20:1 dr. The synthetic potential of the methodology is demonstrated by the scale-up experiment and by versatile transformations of the products.

With the ever-increasing focus on sustainable development, recycling waste and renewable use of waste products has earned immense consideration from academics and policy makers. The serious pollution, complex types, and strong infectivity of medical waste have brought serious challenges to management. Although several researchers have addressed the issue by optimizing medical waste management networks and systems, there is still a significant gap in systematically evaluating the efficiency of medical waste recycling systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach that combines the virtual frontier and the global bounded adjustment measure (BAM-VF-G), considering both undesirable inputs and outputs. In the first stage, the BAM-G model is used to evaluate the efficiency of medical waste recycling systems, and the BAM-VF-G model is used to further rank super-efficient medical waste recycling systems. In the second stage, two types of efficiency decomposition models are proposed. The first type of models decompose unified efficiency into production efficiency (PE) and environment efficiency (EE). Depending upon the system structure, the second type of models decompose unified efficiency into the efficiency of the medical waste collection and transport subsystem (MWCS) and the efficiency of the medical waste treatment subsystem (MWTS). The novel approach is used to measure the efficiency of the medical waste recycling systems in China’s new first-tier cities, and we find that (1) Foshan ranks the highest in efficiency, followed by Tianjin and Qingdao, with efficiency values of 0.386, 0.180, and 0.130, respectively; (2) the EE lacks resilience and fluctuated the most from 2017 to 2022; and (3) the efficiency of MWCSs has always been lower than that of MWTSs and is a critical factor inhibiting the overall efficiency of medical waste recycling systems.

In order to increase the oil production and ultimate recovery of Xingbei area of Daqing oil field, according to the geologic conditions of Xingbei region .The reasonable injection parameters of polymer flooding were discussed considering geologic information , experiments in lab, economic benefit . The study consists of analyzing the law governing of the remaining oil in Xingbei. By applying the methods of the combination of geological modeling and simulation for analyzing different polymer molecular weight, concentration, dosage and injection rate. concludes the influence of different injection parameters to ultimate oil recovery, This paper provides a theoretical basis and experimental support for apricot north polymer flooding of Xingbei area of Daqing oilfield .

For the low efficiency in generating candidate item sets of apriori algorithm, this paper presents a method based on property division to improve generating candidate item sets. Comparing the improved apriori algorithm with the other algorithm and the improved algorithm is applied to the power system accident cases in extreme climate. The experiment results show that the improved algorithm significantly improves the time efficiency of generating candidate item sets. And it can find the association rules among time, space, disasters and fault facilities in the power system accident cases in extreme climate. That is very useful in power system fault analysis.

Sulforaphane is a common antioxidant selectively abundant in cruciferous plants, which exhibits effective anti-cancer actions in control of tumorigenesis or progression of various cancers. A recent study has shown that sulforaphane attenuates the EGFR signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, suggesting its potential anti-metastatic effects. In this study we assessed the involvement of sulforaphane and miR-616-5p in epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） and NSCLC metastasis. Sulforaphane suppressed the cell proliferation in human NSCLC cell lines H1299, 95C and 95D with IC50 values of 9.52±1.23, 9.04±1.90 and 17.35±2.03 μmol/L, respectively. At low concentrations （1-5 μmol/L）, sulforaphane dose-dependently inhibited the migration and invasion of 95D and H1299 cells with relatively high metastatic potential. The anti-metastatic action of sulforaphane was confirmed in 95D and H1299 cell xenografts in vivo. In fresh NSCLC tissue samples from 179 patients, miR-616-5p levels were upregulated in late-stage NSCLCs, and strongly correlated with risk of NSCLC recurrence and metastasis. Consistent with the clinic observation, miR- 616-5p levels in the 3 NSCLC cell lines were correlated with their metastatic ability, and were decreased by sulforaphane treatment. Silencing miR-616-5p markedly suppressed the migration and invasion of 95D cells in vitro and NSCLC metastasis in vivo. Further studies revealed that miR-616-5p directly targeted GSK313 and decreased its expression, whereas sulforaphane decreased miR-616-5p levels by histone modification, and followed by inactivation of the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway and inhibition of EMT, which was characterized by loss of epithelial markers and acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype in NSCLC cells. Our findings suggest that sulforaphane is a potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention of NSCLC recurrence and metastasis, and miR-616-5p can be clinically utilized as a biomarker or therapeutic target to inhibit metastasis.

The Kinect-based virtual reality system for the Xbox 360 enables users to control and interact with the game console without the need to touch a game controller, and provides rehabilitation training for stroke patients with lower limb dysfunctions. However, the underlying mechanism remains un- clear. In this study, 18 healthy subjects and five patients after subacute stroke were included. The five patients were scanned using functional MRI prior to training, 3 weeks after training and at a 12-week follow-up, and then compared with healthy subjects. The FugI-Meyer Assessment and Wolf Motor Function Test scores of the hemiplegic upper limbs of stroke patients were significantly increased 3 weeks after training and at the 12-week follow-up. Functional MRI results showed that contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex was activated after Kinect-based virtual reality training in the stroke patients compared with the healthy subjects. Contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex, the bilateral supplementary motor area and the ipsilateral cerebellum were also activated during hand-clenching in all 18 healthy subjects. Our findings indicate that Kinect-based virtual reality training could promote the recovery of upper limb motor function in subacute stroke patients, and brain reorganization by Kinect-based virtual reality training may be linked to the contralateral sen- sorimotor cortex.

This study compares the structure of the zooplankton community in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and South China Sea (SCS) during the period of spring inter-monsoon, 2010. A total of 215 species of zooplankton were identified, of which 187 species were present in the BoB and 119 in the SCS. Of the taxonomic groups recorded, Copepoda was the most diverse group in all samples followed by pelagic Tunicata, Siphonophorae and Chaetognatha. Flaccisagitta enflata, Cosmocalanus darwinii, Euchaeta larva,Macrura larva and Candacia truncata were predominant both in the BoB and SCS. Moreover, the distribution of some dominant species differed regionally, such as Cypridina dentata, Pleuromamma robusta and Mesosagitta decipiens only in the BoB, and Pleuromamma gracilis, Neocalanus gracilis and Eudoxoides spiralis in the SCS. The average zooplankton abundance was 33.37 ±7.19 ind. m?3 in the BoB and 35.08 ± 2.07 ind. m?3 in the SCS. Copepoda was one of the most abundant groups in the BoB and SCS. Based on multivariate analysis, it was possible to distinguish the zooplankton in the BoB and SCS communities at the similarity level of approximately 55%, and the dissimilarity was mainly due to C. dentata, P. robusta, M. decipiens, C. darwinii, N. gracilis and P.gracilis. The relationships between zooplankton and temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a were not statistically significant. Zooplankton community structure in the BoB and SCS was observed to be generally similar in terms of species composition and abundance,but the differences observed may be the result of species-specific geographical distribution and local hydrographic conditions.

Objective： Pure mucinous breast carcinoma （PMBC） is an uncommon histological type of breast cancer characterized by a large amount of mucin production. MicroRNA （miRNA） is a large class of small noncoding RNA of about 22 nt involved in the regulation of various biological processes. This study aims to identify the miRNA expression profile in PMBC. Methods： MiRNA expression profiles in 11 PMBCs were analyzed by miRNA-microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Thirty-one PMBCs and 27 invasive ductal carcinoma of no special types （IDC-NSTs） were assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against ER, PR-progesterone receptor, HER2, Ki-67, Bcl-2, p53, PCNA, and CK5 and 6. Results： We analyzed the miRNA expression in 11 PMBCs and corresponding normal tissues using miRNA-microarray and real-time PCR, and found that miR-143 and miR-224-5p were significantly downregulated in mucinous carcinoma tissue. Compared with IDC-NSTs, PMBC showed a significantly higher ER positive rate, lower HER-2 positive rate, and lower cell proliferation rates. Conclusions： To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the miRNA expression profile of PMBC, and our findings may lead to further understanding of this type of breast cancer.

Vertical distributions of phytoplankton biomass, compositions and size structure were investigated during the spring-intermonsoon （April 22 to 30） of 2010 along transact 10°N of the Bay of Bengal, northern Indian Ocean. Surface phytoplankton biomass （Chl a） was （0.065±0.009） μg/L, being greater than 80% of which was contributed by pico-phytoplankton （〈3 μm）. The Chl a concen- tration vertically increased to the maximal values at deep chlorophyll maximum （DCM） layer that shoaled eastwards from 75 to 40 m. The Chl a biomass at DCM layer generally varied between 0.2 and 0.4 μg/L, reaching the maximum of 0.56 μg/L with micro-phytoplankton cells （~20 #m） accounting for 58% and nano- （3-20μm） or pico-cells for 15% and 27%, respectively. In particular, the cells concentration coupling well with phosphate level was observed at middle layer （75-100 m） of 87° to 89°E, dominated by micro-cells diatoms （e.g., Chaetoceros atlanticus v. neapolitana, Chaetoceros femur and Pseudonitzsehia sp.） and cyanobacteria （i.e., Trichodesmium hildebrandtii）, With the ceils concentration reached as high as 4.0 × 10^4 and 4.3 × 10^4 cells/L. At the rest of the trans- act however, dinoflagellates （e.g., Amphisdinium carterae and Prorocentrum sp.） were the dominant species, with the cells concentration varying from 0.3×10^3 to 6.8×10^3 cells/L. Our results also indicate that the regulation of large cells （micro-, nano-） on phytoplankton biomass merely occurred at DCM layer of the Bay.

The Strait of Malacca （SoM）, the world＇s busiest sea-route, is increasingly polluted as the rapid develop- ment of world trades, affecting phytoplankton primary productivity therein. The variations of surface phy- toplankton biomass, size-structure and carbon fixation were investigated across the SoM during the spring period （May 4 to 9, 2011）. Chlorophyll a concentration increased from 0.12 ptg/L at the northwest entrance of the SoM to a maximal 0.63 #g/L at narrowest section, and decreased to 0.10/.tg/L at the southeast entrance. Photosynthetic carbon fixation by phytoplankton coincided well with Chl a biomass, and increased from 10.8 to 22.3 pg C/（L.d）, then decreased to 9.21/zg C/（L.d）; while the carbon fixation rate showed an inverse pattern to the changes of Chl a, and decreased from 87.1 to 35.5 #g C/（#g Chl a.d） and increased thereafter to 95.3 btg C/（/2g Chl a.d）. Picophytoplankton cells （〈3/2m） contributed to more than 60% and 50% of the total Chl a and carbon fixation at both the entry waters; while the contributions of pico-cells decreased sharply to the minimum of 18.3% and 27.5% at the narrowest part of the SoM. In particular, our results showed that the silicate concentration positively regulated Chl a biomass and carbon fixation, reflecting that the higher silicate favoured the growth of phytoplankton and thus led to higher primary production in this strait.