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The gut microbiota regulates the biological processes of organisms acting like ‘another’ genome, affecting the health and disease of the host. MicroRNAs, as important physiological regulators, have been found to be involved in health and disease. Recently, the gut microbiota has been reported to affect host health by regulating host miRNAs. For example, Fusobacterium nucleatum could aggravate chemoresistance of colorectal cancer by decreasing the expression of miR-18a* and miR-4802. What’s more, miRNAs can shape the gut microbiota composition, ultimately affecting the host's physiology and disease. miR-515-5p and miR-1226-5p could promote the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum ( Fn ) and Escherichia coli ( E.coli ), which have been reported to drive colorectal cancer. Here, we will review current findings of the interactions between the gut microbiota and microRNAs and discuss how the gut microbiota–microRNA interactions affect host pathophysiology including intestinal, neurological, cardiovascular, and immune health and diseases.

Wuyi Rock tea, well-recognized for rich flavor and long-lasting fragrance, is a premium subcategory of oolong tea mainly produced in Wuyi Mountain and nearby regions of China. The quality of tea is mainly determined by the chemical constituents in the tea leaves. However, this remains underexplored for Wuyi Rock tea cultivars. In this study, we investigated the leaf metabolite profiles of 14 major Wuyi Rock tea cultivars grown in the same producing region using UPLC-QTOF MS and UPLC-QqQ MS with data processing via principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Relative quantitation of 49 major metabolites including flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, flavonol glycosides, flavone glycosides, flavonone glycosides, phenolic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, alkaloids and amino acids revealed clear variations between tea cultivars. In particular, catechins, kaempferol and quercetin derivatives were key metabolites responsible for cultivar discrimination. Information on the varietal differences in the levels of bioactive/functional metabolites, such as methylated catechins, flavonol glycosides and theanine, offers valuable insights to further explore the nutritional values and sensory qualities of Wuyi Rock tea. It also provides potential markers for tea plant fingerprinting and cultivar identification.

Local anesthetics are commonly used in surgical procedures to control pain in patients. Whilst the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of local anesthetics have received much attention, the cytotoxicity they exert against bone, joint, and muscle tissues has yet to be well recognized. This review aimed to raise awareness regarding how local anesthetics may cause tissue damage and provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of local anesthetic-induced cytotoxicity. We summarized the latest progress on the cytotoxicity of local anesthetics and the underlying mechanisms and discussed potential strategies to reduce it. We found that the toxic effects of local anesthetics on bone, joint, and muscle tissues were time- and concentration-dependent in vitro. Local anesthetics induced apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy through specific cellular pathways. Altogether, this review indicates that toxicity of local anesthetics may be avoided by rationally selecting the appropriate anesthetic, limiting the total amount, and determining the lowest effective concentration and duration.

Abies nephrolepis Nature Reserve has complex habitats and rich species diversity but lacks systematic ecological surveys. We focused on Orchid in Abies nephrolepis Nature Reserve, investigated and analyzed Orchid diversity and changes in community structure according to the characteristics of the alpine valleys in the study area, in terms of altitude gradient and habitat type, using the sample line method and the quadrat method. The results showed that 11 genera and 13 species of Orchidaceae were found in the survey, among which the species richness of Malaxis monophyllos was the highest, Neottia puberula was the second highest, and the species richness of Tulotis ussuriensis was the lowest, and the species with relative plurality ≥ 10% were Malaxis monophyllos (51.69%), Neottia puberula (14.77%), and Cypripedium guttatum (11.15%). The results of diversity analysis showed that Orchidaceae species were rich and the diversity index were the highest in the middle altitude area of 1950–2250 m; the distribution of Orchidaceae in the low altitude area was obviously clustered, and the similarity with the high altitude area was low. With the increase in altitude, the number of species showed an increase and then a decrease, showing a single‐peak state, which was in line with the theory of “Intermediate altitude expansion hypothesis”. The species and number of Orchidaceae in different habitats of Abies nephrolepis Nature Reserve also varied considerably, with Shannon‐Wiener diversity index being the highest in EV4 (Abies nephrolepis + Picea meyeri + Picea wilsonii + Larix gmelinii var. principis‐rupprechtii—Lonicera hispida—Carex lanceolata community) and EV5, and the smallest in EV1 habitats, Pielow evenness index being the highest in EV5 habitats and the lowest in EV1 habitats, and Simpson's index being the highest in EV5 habitats and the lowest in EV1 habitats. This study provides a scientific basis for strengthening regional monitoring of species diversity and protecting biodiversity. Nature reserves are important bases for global biodiversity research and conservation. To conduct in‐depth research on biodiversity conservation and to maintain the ecosystems on which human beings depend for their survival, we took Abies nephrolepis Reserve as the object of research, conducted a special survey on orchids, and analyzed the characterization of the diversity of orchids in different habitats and on different altitudinal gradients, and obtained very good results.

A model transformation method based on state refinement and semantic mapping is proposed to address the challenges of high modeling complexity and resource consumption in symbolic validation of industrial software requirements. First, a rule-based semantic mapping system is constructed through the explicit definition of element correspondence between statechart components and verification models, coupled with a composite state-level refinement strategy to structurally optimize model hierarchy. Second, an automated transformation algorithm is developed to bridge graphical modeling tools with formal verification environments, supported by quantitative evaluation metrics for mapping validity. To demonstrate its practical applicability, the methodology is systematically applied to railway infrastructure safety—specifically the railroad turnout control system—as a critical case study. The experimental implementation converts operational statecharts of turnout control logic into optimized NuSMV models. Not only did the models remain intact, but the state space was also effectively reduced through the optimization of the hierarchical structure. In the validation phase, the converted model is tested for robustness using the fault injection method, and boundary condition anomalies that are not explicitly stated in the requirement specification are successfully detected. The experimental results show that the validation model generated by this method has improved validation efficiency in the NuSMV tool, which is significantly better than the traditional conversion method.

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants emphasizes the need for multivalent vaccines capable of simultaneously targeting multiple strains. SCTV01E is a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1. In this double-blinded placebo-controlled pivotal efficacy trial (NCT05308576), the primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy (VE) against COVID-19 seven days post-vaccination in individuals without recent infection. Other endpoints included evaluating safety, immunogenicity, and the VE against all SARS-CoV-2 infections in individuals meeting the study criteria. Between December 26, 2022, and January 15, 2023, 9,223 individuals were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive SCTV01E or a placebo. SCTV01E showed a VE of 69.4% (95% CI: 50.6, 81.0) 7 days post-vaccination, with 75 cases in the placebo group and 23 in the SCTV01E group for the primary endpoint. VEs were 79.7% (95% CI: 51.0, 91.6) and 82.4% (95% CI: 57.9, 92.6), respectively, for preventing symptomatic infection and all SARS-CoV-2 infections 14 days post-vaccination. SCTV01E elicited a 25.0-fold higher neutralizing antibody response against Omicron BA.5 28 days post-vaccination compared to placebo. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient, with no reported vaccine-related SAE, adverse events of special interest (AESI), or deaths. The trial aligned with the shift from dominant variants BA.5 and BF.7 to XBB, suggesting SCTV01E as a potential vaccine alternative effective against present and future variants. Here, the authors report results from a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of the tetravalent SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccine SCTV01E, demonstrating a favorable efficacy profile during a time when predominant viral variants were changing from BA.5 and BF.7 to XBB.

Background The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and the risk of in-hospital death in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Data from the MIMIC-IV database, which includes a vast collection of more than 50,000 ICU admissions occurring between 2008 and 2019, was utilized in the study and eICU-CRD was conducted for external verification. The Boruta algorithm was employed for feature selection. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses and multivariate restricted cubic spline regression were employed to scrutinize the association between NLR and in-hospital mortality. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to estimate the predictive ability of NLR. Results After carefully applying criteria to include and exclude participants, a total of 2254 patients with CKD and CAD were included in the research. The findings showed a median NLR of 7.3 (4.4, 12.1). The outcomes of multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that NLR significantly elevated the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 2.122, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.542–2.921, P  < 0.001) after accounting for all relevant factors. Further insights from subgroup analyses unveiled that age and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores displayed an interactive effect in the correlation between NLR and in-hospital deaths. The NLR combined with traditional cardiovascular risk factors showed relatively great predictive value for in-hospital mortality (AUC 0.750). Conclusion The findings of this research indicate that the NLR can be used as an indicator for predicting the likelihood of death during a patient’s stay in the intensive care unit, particularly for individuals with both CAD and CKD. The results indicate that NLR may serve as a valuable tool for assessing and managing risks in this group at high risk. Further investigation is required to authenticate these findings and investigate the mechanisms that underlie the correlation between NLR and mortality in individuals with CAD and CKD.

Tea plants produce extremely diverse and abundant specialized metabolites, the types and levels of which are developmentally and environmentally regulated. However, little is known about how developmental cues affect the synthesis of many of these molecules. In this study, we conducted a comparative profiling of specialized metabolites from six different tissues in a premium oolong tea cultivar, Tieguanyin, which is gaining worldwide popularity due to its uniquely rich flavors and health benefits. UPLC-QTOF MS combined with multivariate analyses tentatively identified 68 metabolites belonging to 11 metabolite classes, which exhibited sharp variations among tissues. Several metabolite classes, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and hydroxycinnamic acid amides were detected predominantly in certain plant tissues. In particular, tricoumaroyl spermidine and dicoumaroyl putrescine were discovered as unique tea flower metabolites. This study offers novel insights into tissue-specific specialized metabolism in Tieguanyin, which provides a good reference point to explore gene-metabolite relationships in this cultivar.

Virtual Reality technology (VRT) has rapidly evolved in recent years, revolutionizing various industries by providing immersive and interactive experiences. VRT is making a significant impact in the realm of dance teaching (DT). This study explores the innovative application of VRT in the realm of DT, aiming to revolutionize traditional instructional methods. The study data were gathered from 420 college students. The data collected underwent analysis through SPSS software. The results indicate a notable direct relationship between the integration of VRT and enhanced learning outcomes in dance education. This study offers a unique contribution to the field by demonstrating the potential of VRT to develop engaging and dynamic learning settings that surpass the confines of traditional dance teaching methods. The investigation result indicates participants engaged in dance instruction through virtual reality (VR) will exhibit superior retention of dance techniques and choreography in comparison to those instructed through traditional teaching approaches. This study adds to the intersection of technology and dance instruction, highlighting how VR can profoundly transform the arts. It highlights how VR can revolutionize educational paradigms, particularly within the artistic domain. The study demonstrates that integration of VRT into dance instruction correlates positively with heightened levels of student engagement and motivation.

Taking the construction management of green water conservancy projects combined with BIM as the research background, we analyzed the application of BIM technology in green construction management. The results also showed that the overall trend of green construction management research is on the rise, the research on green construction management at home and abroad is relatively close, and the research directions tend to be intelligent and informative, but there is relatively little research on water conservancy engineering. Combining the current green construction standards of water conservancy projects, the related literature, and the current situation of the application of BIM technology in water conservancy project construction management, the concept of green construction of water conservancy projects and the core requirements of BIM technology for whole-life-cycle green construction are proposed. The new green construction technology was applied in combination with BIM to form a collaborative and scaled multiparty management structure map for the whole process area, build a framework system for green construction management of water conservancy projects, and design a specific implementation process for the application of real-time green construction simulation systems in BIM.