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Precision agriculture is revolutionizing modern farming by integrating data-driven methodologies to enhance crop productivity while promoting sustainability. Traditional time series models struggle with complex agricultural data due to heterogeneity, high dimensionality, and strong spatial-temporal dependencies. These limitations hinder their ability to provide actionable insights for resource optimization and environmental protection. To tackle these difficulties, this research puts forward a new deep-learning-based architecture for time-series prediction that is customized for precise field crop protection. At its core, our Spatially-Aware Data Fusion Network (SADF-Net) integrates multi-modal data sources, such as satellite imagery, IoT sensor readings, and meteorological forecasts, into a unified predictive model. By combining convolutional layers for spatial feature extraction, recurrent neural networks for temporal modeling, and attention mechanisms for data fusion, SADF-Net captures intricate spatial-temporal dependencies while ensuring robustness to noisy and incomplete data. We introduce the Resource-Aware Adaptive Decision Algorithm (RAADA), which leverages reinforcement learning to translate SADF-Net's predictions into optimized strategies for resource allocation, such as irrigation scheduling and pest control. RAADA dynamically adapts decisions based on real-time field responses, ensuring efficiency and sustainability. The experimental findings obtained from large-scale agricultural datasets show that our framework far exceeds the existing most advanced methods in terms of the accuracy of yield prediction, resource optimization, and environmental impact mitigation. This research offers a transformative solution for precision agriculture, aligning with the pressing need for advanced tools in sustainable crop management.

As one of the primary detection targets for contemporary gravitational wave (GW) observatories, the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) holds significant potential for enhancing our understanding of the early universe’s formation and evolution. Studies indicate that the SGWB spectrum from cosmic strings can span an extraordinarily broad frequency range, extending from extremely low frequencies up to the microwave band. This work specifically investigates the detectability of cosmic string SGWB signals in an electromagnetic (EM) resonance system at GHz frequency. We present a systematic analysis encompassing: (1) the response of high frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) in such EM resonance system. (2) The development and application of fundamental data processing protocols in the EM resonance system. Our results demonstrate that the EM system shows promising sensitivity to detect cosmic string SGWB signals with tension parameters G μ ≥ 10 - 11 (the corresponding dimensionless amplitude h ≥ 10 - 33 at 1 GHz), while potentially establishing new constraints for G μ ≤ 10 - 11 in the microwave band. These findings would complement existing multi-band SGWB observations and provide additional constraints on cosmic-string tension parameters in GHz frequency regimes.

Background Peer victimization is a crucial risk predictor for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, adolescent NSSI reactions to peer victimization exhibit large individual differences. This study explored whether depression mediated the association between peer victimization and adolescent NSSI, and whether this mediating path was moderated by the 5-HTR2A gene rs6313 polymorphism. Methods A total of 667 adolescents ( Mean age  = 12.81, SD  = 0.48) completed questionnaires regarding peer victimization, depression, and NSSI. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and buccal cells from each participant. Results The results showed that the positive relation between peer victimization and adolescent NSSI was mediated by depression. Moreover, the triple interaction between peer victimization, rs6313 polymorphism, and gender on adolescent depression was significant. And the triple interaction between depression, rs6313 polymorphism, and gender on adolescent NSSI was also significant. Specifically, the risk effect of peer victimization on adolescent NSSI through increased depression was stronger for female adolescents with CC genotype than for female adolescents with CT or TT genotype, and male adolescents with CT or TT genotype. However, the indirect effect was nonsignificant for male adolescents with CC genotype. Conclusions These findings promote the etiological understanding of adolescent NSSI, highlighting the mediating and moderating effect between peer victimization and NSSI, and adding evidence supporting the relationship between the 5-HTR2A gene rs6313 polymorphism, depression and adolescent NSSI.

Texture is an important factor in evaluating the quality of aquatic products. To evaluate the texture properties of cured large mouth bass, edible sodium chloride (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%) was smeared to the bass meat. Texture profile analysis (TPA) and sensory evaluation were performed to evaluate the quality of the cured samples, and the correlations of the indexes in the two methods were analyzed. Two principal components were obtained from the TPA indexes and sensory evaluation indexes, and the cumulative variance contribution rates were 73.87% and 72.99%, respectively. Results from the principal component analysis showed that the main indicators that affected the TPA were gumminess and springiness, while those that affected sensory evaluation were chewiness and adhesiveness. The TPA index and sensory evaluation could be effectively improved when the sodium chloride added to the bass meat was 1%. In the correlation analysis, sensory springiness was negatively correlated with TPA hardness (P<0.05, r = −0.553) but positively correlated with TPA chewiness (P<0.05, r = 0.596). After stepwise regression analysis, the prediction equation between the sensory springiness and TPA hardness was obtained as SSp=5.770−0.002Ha. These results provide a basis for predicting the quality of large mouth bass cured products.

Thermoleptolyngbya is a genus of non-heterocystous cyanobacteria that are typical inhabitants of hot spring microbial mats. These filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation. In this study, we examined the genome sequences of five publicly available Thermoleptolyngbya strains to explore their nitrogen fixation gene cluster. Analysis of the nitrogen-fixation clusters in these extremophilic strains revealed that the cluster is located in a single locus in Thermoleptolyngbyace. The average nucleotide and amino acid identities of the nitrogen-fixation cluster combined with phylogenetic reconstructions support that nitrogen fixation genes in Thermoleptolyngbyaceae are closely related to one another but also heterogeneous within the genus. The strains from Asia, and China more specifically, generate a separate clade within the genus. Among these strains Thermoleptolyngbya sp. PKUAC-SCTB121 has been selected for experimental validation of clade’s nitrogen fixation capacity. The acetylene reduction experiments of that strain shown that the strain can reduce acetylene to ethylene, indicating a fully functional nitrogenase. The activity of nitrogenase has been tested using different gas compositions across 72 h and exhibited a two-phase trend, high nitrogenase activity at the beginning of the assay that slowed down in the second phase of the analysis.

ABSTRACT The development of affordable and user‐friendly diagnostic tools for early warning and monitoring progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is crucial to reducing CKD‐related morbidity and mortality. This study reports on (1) a protein‐templated AIEgen, Ir@BSA, which emits intense green phosphorescence with a quantum yield up to 69.40% and a lifetime up to 1839.40 ns in aqueous solution; (2) a straightforward protocol for Cys C quantitation, which employs Ir@BSA as the phosphorescent signal indicator and papain as the biomolecular recognition element, respectively; and (3) a smartphone‐based portable phosphorescence reader (termed as SAPD), which can stably excite and accurately collect phosphorescence signals from the paper‐based arrays. Quantitation of Cys C in clinical serum samples using SAPD integrated with the paper‐based arrays highlights its remarkable advantages including high sensitivity (0.36 µg mL−1) and specificity, cost‐effectiveness (∼$67.5 per set), portability (∼450 g), good precision (RSD ≤ 8.25 %), good accuracy (comparable to clinical standard latex immune‐turbidimetric method), and high throughput (16 samples per experiment). More importantly, this study reveals the significant potential of Cys C as an early warning marker of CKD progression. The reported method enables Cys C quantitation anywhere, anytime, by anyone, and is ideally suited for mass screening for CKD and home monitoring of CKD progression, facilitating early diagnosis and proactive management of CKD. By employing new protein‐templated AIEgen Ir@BSA as the phosphorescence signal indicator and papain as the biomolecular recognition element, a straightforward protocol for Cys C quantitation has been developed. On‐site quantitation of Cys C in clinical serum samples has been successfully demonstrated using a smartphone‐based portable phosphorescence reader and the paper‐based array, which is integrated with Ir@BSA‐based sensing scheme.

Microsatellites (simple sequence repeats, SSRs) are ubiquitously distributed in almost all known genomes. Here, the first investigation was designed to examine the SSRs and compound microsatellites (CSSRs) in genomes of Leptolyngbya-like strains. The results disclosed diversified patterns of distribution, abundance, density, and diversity of SSRs and CSSRs in genomes, indicating that they may be subject to rapid evolutionary change. The numbers of SSRs and CSSRs were extremely unevenly distributed among genomes, ranging from 11,086 to 24,000 and from 580 to 1865, respectively. Dinucleotide SSRs were the most abundant category in 31 genomes, while the other 15 genomes followed the pattern: mono- > di- > trinucleotide SSRs. The patterns related to SSRs and CSSRs showed differences among phylogenetic groups. Both SSRs and CSSRs were overwhelmingly distributed in coding regions. The numbers of SSRs and CSSRs were significantly positively correlated with genome size (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with GC content (p < 0.05). Moreover, the motif (A/C)n and (AG)n was predominant in mononucleotide and dinucleotide SSRs, and unique motifs of CSSRs were identified in 39 genomes. This study provides the first insight into SSRs and CSSRs in genomes of Leptolyngbya-like strains and will be useful to understanding their distribution, predicting their function, and tracking their evolution. Additionally, the identified SSRs may provide an evolutionary advantage of fast adaptation to environmental changes and may play an important role in the cosmopolitan distribution of Leptolyngbya strains to globally diverse niches.

A robust positive association between perceived discrimination and Internet gaming addiction (IGA) among adolescents has been demonstrated by existing research; however, the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain largely unknown. This study, grounded in the cognitive–behavioral and social development models, examined whether deviant peer affiliation and maladaptive cognitions mediated the predictive effect of perceived discrimination on adolescent IGA. Six-hundred-and-sixty students (Meanage = 13.43 years; 367 female participants) recruited from southern China participated in four assessments (fall 7th grade, spring 7th grade, fall 8th grade, spring 8th grade). Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed their demographics, as well as questionnaire measures of perceived discrimination, deviant peer affiliation, maladaptive cognitions, and IGA. The structural equation model showed that fall 7th grade’s perceived discrimination positively predicted spring 7th grade’s deviant peer affiliation, which, in turn, increased fall 8th grade’s maladaptive cognitions, ultimately increasing spring 8th grade’s IGA. Moreover, the indirect effect of fall 7th grade’s perceived discrimination on spring 8th grade’s IGA via spring 7th grade’s deviant peer affiliation was also significant. The results suggested deviant peer affiliation and maladaptive cognitions as potential mediating mechanisms linking perceived discrimination to adolescent IGA. These findings have important implications for the prevention and intervention of adolescent IGA.

The proof-of-concept of sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for the quantitative monitoring of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is reported. The assay is carried out on iron nitrogen-doped carbon (FeNC) nanozyme-modified screen-printed carbon electrode using chronoamperometry. Introduction of target HER2 can induce the sandwiched immunoreaction between anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody-coated microplate and biotinylated anti-HER2 polyclonal antibody. Thereafter, streptavidin-glucose oxidase (GOx) conjugate is bonded to the detection antibody. Upon addition of glucose, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is oxidized through the produced H 2 O 2 with the assistance of GOx and FeNC nanozyme. The oxidized TMB is determined via chronoamperometry. Experimental results revealed that electrochemical immunosensing system exhibited good amperometric response, and allowed the detection of target HER2 as low as 4.5 pg/mL. High specificity and long-term stability are acquired with FeNC nanozyme-based sensing strategy. Importantly, our system provides a new opportunity for protein diagnostics. Graphical Abstract

Existing research suggests that parent-adolescent conflict is associated with increased risk for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, adolescent NSSI reactions to parent-adolescent conflicts exhibit large individual differences. This study sought to explore whether depressive symptoms mediates the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent NSSI, and whether this mediating process is moderated by the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism. A total of 673 adolescents (364 males, 309 females) in the age range of 12 to 15 years (Meanage = 12.81 years, SD = 0.48) completed questionnaires regarding parent-adolescent conflict, depressive symptoms, and NSSI. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and buccal cells from each participant. Bootstrapping techniques displayed statistically significant moderated mediation. The results showed that the positive association between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent NSSI was in fact mediated by depressive symptoms. Moreover, this indirect link was moderated by the COMT gene rs4680 polymorphism. Specifically, the risk effect of parent-adolescent conflict on adolescent NSSI via depressive symptoms was stronger for adolescents with Val/Val genotype than for those with Met/Met or Val/Met genotype. These findings underscore the importance of examining the interaction between genes and the environment to understand how and when parent-adolescent conflict impacts adolescent NSSI.