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The purpose of this study is to investigate how deep learning and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can be used to enhance the intelligent level of dance instruction. The study develops a dance action recognition and feedback model based on the Graph Attention Mechanism (GA) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (3D-Resnet-BigRu). In this model, time series features are captured using BiGRU after 3D-ResNet is inserted to extract video features. Lastly, GA dynamically modifies the node weights to maximize action recognition performance. According to the experimental results, this model’s F1 score is 85.34%, and its maximum accuracy on the NTU-RGBD60 datasets is more than 5% greater than that of the current 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) baseline algorithm. In addition, the model shows high efficiency and resource utilization in test time, training time and CPU occupancy. The research shows that this model has strong competitiveness in dealing with complex dance action recognition tasks, and provides efficient and personalized technical support for future dance teaching. Meanwhile, the model provides a powerful tool for dance educators to support their teaching activities and enhance students’ learning experience.

Information about the distribution of causes of and time trends for child mortality should be periodically updated. We report the latest estimates of causes of child mortality in 2010 with time trends since 2000. Updated total numbers of deaths in children aged 0–27 days and 1–59 months were applied to the corresponding country-specific distribution of deaths by cause. We did the following to derive the number of deaths in children aged 1–59 months: we used vital registration data for countries with an adequate vital registration system; we applied a multinomial logistic regression model to vital registration data for low-mortality countries without adequate vital registration; we used a similar multinomial logistic regression with verbal autopsy data for high-mortality countries; for India and China, we developed national models. We aggregated country results to generate regional and global estimates. Of 7·6 million deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2010, 64·0% (4·879 million) were attributable to infectious causes and 40·3% (3·072 million) occurred in neonates. Preterm birth complications (14·1%; 1·078 million, uncertainty range [UR] 0·916–1·325), intrapartum-related complications (9·4%; 0·717 million, 0·610–0·876), and sepsis or meningitis (5·2%; 0·393 million, 0·252–0·552) were the leading causes of neonatal death. In older children, pneumonia (14·1%; 1·071 million, 0·977–1·176), diarrhoea (9·9%; 0·751 million, 0·538–1·031), and malaria (7·4%; 0·564 million, 0·432–0·709) claimed the most lives. Despite tremendous efforts to identify relevant data, the causes of only 2·7% (0·205 million) of deaths in children younger than 5 years were medically certified in 2010. Between 2000 and 2010, the global burden of deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased by 2 million, of which pneumonia, measles, and diarrhoea contributed the most to the overall reduction (0·451 million [0·339–0·547], 0·363 million [0·283–0·419], and 0·359 million [0·215–0·476], respectively). However, only tetanus, measles, AIDS, and malaria (in Africa) decreased at an annual rate sufficient to attain the Millennium Development Goal 4. Child survival strategies should direct resources toward the leading causes of child mortality, with attention focusing on infectious and neonatal causes. More rapid decreases from 2010–15 will need accelerated reduction for the most common causes of death, notably pneumonia and preterm birth complications. Continued efforts to gather high-quality data and enhance estimation methods are essential for the improvement of future estimates. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

The addition of biochar alters soil habitats and has an active effect on the symbiotic relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. However, it is still unclear whether this effect alters the strategy of phosphorus uptake by plants. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal colonization and biochar addition on plant growth, phosphorus absorption, and rhizosphere Olsen-P supply in maize under two moisture conditions—60% field water capacity (FWC) and 40% FWC. It was found that the addition of biochar increased the colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and all the addition treatments significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf area, shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptake by maize under the two moisture conditions. In addition, biochar had significant effects on root morphology under both water conditions, whereas AMF only showed significant effects under water stress. In contrast, phosphatase activity and microbial activity were higher in the AMF inoculation treatment than in the biochar addition treatment, and the trend was more significant under water stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity, phosphatase activity, available phosphorus content, and shoot phosphorus content had significant positive correlations. It was concluded that biochar aids plant uptake of phosphorus mainly by regulating root morphology and plant phosphorus content, whereas the large mycelium of AMF enhances microbial activity and phosphatase activity, thereby enabling more efficient phosphorus uptake by maize, especially under conditions of water stress.

Background This study investigates whether the timing of first sexual intercourse is associated with the risk of developing endometriosis and adenomyosis, aiming to shed light on early-life reproductive factors that may influence women's long-term gynecological health. Materials and methods We analyzed data from two large population-based cohorts, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and UK Biobank using multivariable logistic regression. In addition, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis based on GWAS summary statistics for age at first sexual intercourse (AFS) from Mills et al. and for endometriosis-related outcomes from the FinnGen consortium, to evaluate the relationship between AFS and endometriosis. Further, genetic instruments were applied to assess the potential relationship between AFS and endometriosis, including specific subtypes such as ovarian endometriosis and peritoneal endometriosis, and adenomyosis. The primary analysis method employed was the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) approach. To ensure robustness, the study accounted for potential horizontal pleiotropy and conducted heterogeneity tests. Results The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that in the NHANES cohort, women who had their first sexual intercourse at late adolescence had a significantly higher risk of endometriosis (adjusted model, odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.70, P  = 0.04) compared to those who initiated sexual activity in adulthood. In the UK Biobank cohort, the association was stronger: late adolescent AFS was associated with a 51% higher risk (adjusted model, OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.41–1.61, P  < 0.001), and early adolescent AFS with a 73% higher risk (adjusted model, OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.48–2.02, P  < 0.001). The IVW Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrated that delayed AFS was significantly associated with an about 30% lower risk of endometriosis (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.57–0.86, P  = 6.08 × 10 –4 ) and with an about 48% lower risk of adenomyosis (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.37–0.73, P  = 1.37 × 10 –4 ). Our study yielded no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Conclusions Early sexual initiation markedly increases the risks of developing endometriosis and adenomyosis, while delayed initiation may offer protective benefits. These findings highlight the potential long-term reproductive health implications of adolescent sexual behavior and support the value of preventive strategies and early education.

Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) emerged as a biomarker of chronic inflammation and an independent prognostic factor for many cancers. We aimed to investigate the associations of SII level with total and cause-specific mortality risks in the general populations, and the potential modification effects of lifestyle-related factors on the above associations. In this study, we included 30,521 subjects from the Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) cohort and 25,761 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2014. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations of SII with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer and other causes. In the DFTJ cohort, compared to subjects in the low SII subgroup, those within the middle and high SII subgroups had increased risks of total mortality [hazard ratio, HR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.12 (1.03–1.22) and 1.26 (1.16–1.36), respectively) and CVD mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.36 (1.19–1.55) and 1.50 (1.32–1.71), respectively]; those within the high SII subgroup had a higher risk of other causes mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.28 (1.09–1.49)]. In the NHANES 1999–2014, subjects in the high SII subgroup had higher risks of total, CVD, cancer and other causes mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.38 (1.27–1.49), 1.33 (1.11–1.59), 1.22 (1.04–1.45) and 1.47 (1.32–1.63), respectively]. For subjects with a high level of SII, physical activity could attenuate a separate 30% and 32% risk of total and CVD mortality in the DFTJ cohort, and a separate 41% and 59% risk of total and CVD mortality in the NHANES 1999–2014. Our study suggested high SII level may increase total and CVD mortality in the general populations and physical activity exerted a beneficial effect on the above associations.

Background Functional disability and multimorbidity are common among older people. However, little is known about the relationship between functional disability and different multimorbidity combinations. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns and explore the associations between these patterns and functional disability. Methods We investigated a multi-stage random sample of 1871 participants aged ≥60 years and covered by long-term care insurance in Shanghai, China. Multimorbidity was defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more chronic diseases in an individual. Participants completed scales to assess basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL, respectively). Multimorbidity patterns were identified via exploratory factor analysis. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine adjusted associations between functional disability and number and patterns of multimorbidity. Results Multimorbidity was present in 74.3% of participants. The prevalence of BADL disability was 50.7% and that of IADL disability was 90.7%. There was a strong association between multimorbidity and disability. We identified three multimorbidity patterns: musculoskeletal, cardio-metabolic, and mental-degenerative diseases. The cardio-metabolic disease pattern was associated with both BADL (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.16–1.41) and IADL (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.19–1.68) disability. The mental-degenerative disease pattern was associated with BADL disability (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.40–1.72). Conclusions Multimorbidity and functional disability are highly prevalent among older people covered by long-term care insurance in Shanghai, and distinct multimorbidity patterns are differentially associated with functional disability. Appropriate long-term healthcare and prevention strategies for older people may help reduce multimorbidity, maintain functional ability, and improve health-related quality of life.

Wuhan was the epicenter of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), outbreak in China. We aimed at surveying the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological state and its influencing factors after the Wuhan shutdown on January 23. The cross-sectional survey was conducted online and 4,701 respondents participated in this survey. Of them, 3,803 respondents were considered for final analysis. Data on subjective indicators of daily life changes were collected, and individual scores on changes in anxiety, depression, and stress were tested by 8-item, 11-item, and 6-item questionnaires, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses showed that living in the rural areas, living in the other regions except Hubei, and higher education were independent correlates of less negative emotions. Besides, the level of attention, self-assessed infection risk, impact on the daily life and mental health help-seeking tended to be positively associated with the scores of anxiety, depression, and stress. City of residence, education, marital status, monthly income, level of attention, self-assessed infection risk, impact on daily life and mental health help-seeking were important correlates of anxiety, depression, and stress scores.

The outbreak of coronavirus named COVID-19, initially identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has spread rapidly at the global scale. Most countries have rapidly stopped almost all activities including industry, services and transportation of goods and people, thus decreasing air pollution in an unprecedented way, and providing a unique opportunity to study air pollutants. While satellite data have provided visual evidence for the global reduction in air pollution such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) worldwide, precise and quantitative information is missing at the local scale. Here we studied changes in particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), NO2, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) at 10 urban sites in Hangzhou, a city of 7.03 million inhabitants, and at 1 rural site, before city lockdown, January 1–23, during city lockdown, January 24-February 15, and during resumption, February 16–28, in 2020. Results show that city lockdown induced a sharp decrease in PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NO2 concentrations at both urban and rural sites. The NO2 decrease is explained by reduction in traffic emissions in the urban areas, and by lower regional transport in rural areas during lockdown, as expected. SO2 concentrations decreased from 6.3 to 5.3 μg m−3 in the city, but increased surprisingly from 4.7 to 5.8 μg m−3 at the rural site: this increase is attributed both to higher coal consumption for heating and emissions from traditional fireworks of the Spring Eve and Lantern Festivals during lockdown. Unexpectedly, O3 concentrations increased by 145% from 24.6 to 60.6 μg m−3 in the urban area, and from 42.0 to 62.9 μg m−3 in the rural area during the lockdown. This finding is explained by the weakening of chemical titration of O3 by NO due to reductions of NOx fresh emissions during the non-photochemical reaction period from 20:00 PM to 9:00 AM (local time). During the lockdown, compared to the same period in 2019, the daily average concentrations in the city decreased by 42.7% for PM2.5, 47.9% for PM10, 28.6% for SO2, 22.3% for CO and 58.4% for NO2, which is obviously explained by the absence of city activities. Overall, we observed not only the expected reduction in some atmospheric pollutants (PM, SO2, CO, NO2), but also unexpected increases in SO2 in the rural areas and of ozone (O3) in both urban and rural areas, the latter being paradoxically due to the reduction in nitrogen oxide levels. In other words, the city lockdown has improved air quality by reducing PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NO2, but has also decreased air quality by augmenting O3 and SO2.

To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension in Enshi, China, and to explore the important correlates defining HRQoL. From April through July 2018, a self-monitoring intervention program for hypertension control was implemented in a remote area of central China. Participants completed a cross-sectional survey which included demographic characteristics, the Health-related Quality of Life Survey, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Survey. Univariate analysis was performed by analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of HRQoL in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients. In the multivariate analysis, the variables with P≤0.05 in the single factor analysis were combined with the professional significance to establish a multiple linear regression model. Information from 500 participants was available for analysis. Among them, the scores of PCS and MCS was 31.66 ± 9.50 and 41.38 ± 10.69, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses showed that higher education and sleep quality, and moderate physical activity (30 minutes for at least five days a week) had a positive influence on PCS scores. Higher monthly family income (3,000-5,000 ¥) and sleep quality, regular tea-drinking, having 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least five days a week were positively associated with MCS scores. The overall HRQoL for rural middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients in Xuan'en county of Hubei province was poor. Effective relevant measures for the above factors were urgently needed to improve the quality of life for the elderly in rural areas. Awareness of these relevant factors could help health care professionals provide better supportive care.

Snail is a master inducer of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, however, Snail protein is labile and is quickly degraded through the predominate ubiquitination-mediated proteasome pathway. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) can counteract the Snail degradation process to maintain high level of Snail protein in cancer cells. In this study, we screened a cDNA library containing 79 DUBs, and discovered that a panel of DUBs consisting of USP13, USP28, USP29, USP37, OTUD6A, and DUB3 can markedly stabilize Snail protein, with USP29 displaying the strongest activity to prevent Snail degradation. Mechanistically, USP29 enhances the interaction of Snail and SCP1, resulting in simultaneous dephosphorylation and deubiquitination of Snail and thereafter cooperative prevention of Snail degradation. Biologically, ectopic expression of USP29 promotes gastric cancer cell migration, and depletion of Snail abolishes USP29-mediated cell migration; and USP29 can be induced by major EMT and metastatic inducing factors such as TGFβ, TNFα, and hypoxia. More importantly, high expression levels of Snail, USP29, and SCP1 are associated with poor survival and prognosis. Collectively, these data indicate that Snail is a crucial substrate for USP29 to promote cell migration and USP29/SCP1 complex may be new therapeutic targets to treat metastatic cancer.