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Background Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the malignant tumors with rapidly increasing morbidity and mortality. Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is a desuccinylase that is involved in tumorigenesis. The activation of large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) can effectively suppress tumorigenesis in multiple tumors and can be affected by SIRT7. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of SIRT7 in PTC progression. Methods The RNA and protein levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation. The apoptosis of PTC cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and Live/dead cell staining. The interaction between proteins was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. Results The results showed that SIRT7 was highly expressed in PTC tissues and cells. Functional studies showed that knockdown of SIRT7 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of PTC cells. Mechanistically, SIRT7 could directly interact with LATS1 and reduce the stability of the LATS1 protein. Later, rescue experiments suggested that LATS1 silencing reversed the effect of SIRT7 knockdown on PTC cell growth and apoptosis. In addition, SIRT7 promoted tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, silencing of SIRT7 promotes the succinylation of LATS1 to enhance LATS1 stability, thus inhibiting the progression of PTC. Therefore, SIRT7 and LATS1 may become novel and potential therapeutic targets for PTC.

With the development of chip technology, the demand for device reliability in various electronic chip industries continues to grow. In recent years, with the advancement of quantum sensors, the solid-state spin (nitrogen-vacancy) NV center temperature measurement system has garnered attention due to its high sensitivity and spatial range. However, NV centers are not only affected by temperature but also by magnetic fields. This article analyzes the impact of magnetic fields on temperature detection. By combining the wide-field imaging platform of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) with a temperature-sensitive structure of thin ensemble diamond overlaid on a quartz substrate, high-sensitivity temperature detection has been achieved. And obtains a sensitivity of approximately 10 mK/Hz1/2. By combining a CCD camera imaging system, it realizes a wide field of view of 500 μm2, a high spatial resolution of 1.3 μm. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the two-dimensional actual temperature distribution on the chip surface under different currents, achieving wide-field, non-contact, high-speed temperature imaging of the chip surface.

As a newly approved oral hypoglycaemic agent, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin, which is derived from the natural product phlorizin can effectively reduce blood glucose. Recent clinical studies have found that dapagliflozin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of dapagliflozin in alleviating hepatocyte steatosis in vitro and in vivo . We fed the spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus rats with high-fat diets and cultured human normal liver LO2 cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with palmitic acid (PA) to induce hepatocellular steatosis. Dapagliflozin attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation both in vitro and in vivo . In Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, dapagliflozin reduced hepatic lipid accumulation via promoting phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and upregulating lipid β -oxidation enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1). Furthermore, dapagliflozin increased the expression of the autophagy-related markers LC3B and Beclin1, in parallel with a drop in p62 level. Similar effects were observed in PA-stimulated LO2 cells and HepG2 cells. Dapagliflozin treatment could also significantly activated AMPK and reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR in ZDF rats and PA-stimulated LO2 cells and HepG2 cells. We demonstrated that dapagliflozin ameliorates hepatic steatosis by decreasing lipogenic enzyme, while inducing fatty acid oxidation enzyme and autophagy, which could be associated with AMPK activation. Moreover, our results indicate that dapagliflozin induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. These findings reveal a novel clinical application and functional mechanism of dapagliflozin in the treatment of NAFLD.

The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) has great potential for development due to its advantages of the use of multiple beams, low energy consumption, high repetition frequency, and high measurement sensitivity. However, the weak photon signal emitted by the photon counting lidar is susceptible to the background noise caused by the sun and the atmosphere, which can seriously affect the processing and application of laser data. This paper proposes an improved DBSCAN clustering algorithm for denoising single photon laser point clouds in mountainous areas. Firstly, a grouping method based on elevation and distance statistics is proposed to reduce the influence of terrain undulations on denoising accuracy. Finally, an automatic radius search method is put forward to determine clustering radius of each group, automatically find the optimal radius, and improve the existing DBSCAN clustering method. The method proposed in this paper is compared with the classical DBSCAN algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves denoising accuracy in mountainous areas and effectively filters out most background noise. Graphical Abstract

Bile acid sequestrants (BASs), including cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam, are widely used in endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders. However, their long-term safety remains under-characterized. This study leveraged real-world pharmacovigilance data to evaluate underreported and subclass-specific adverse events (AEs) associated with BASs. We analyzed 5,286 AE reports related to BASs from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (2004-2024) using four disproportionality methods: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS). AE signals were assessed at both the System Organ Class (SOC) and Preferred Term (PT) levels. Time-to-onset (TTO) analysis was also performed. All three BASs showed prominent gastrointestinal AEs. Cholestyramine was notably associated with oropharyngeal irritation (e.g., throat irritation, ROR = 21.89; oropharyngeal discomfort, ROR = 36.53), while colestipol presented mechanical risks such as dysphagia (ROR = 21.51) and choking (ROR = 67.44). Colesevelam exhibited musculoskeletal toxicity, including myalgia (ROR = 4.74) and muscle spasms (ROR = 3.43). Consensus signals across all methods further revealed novel AEs such as dysgeusia, dental abnormalities, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and fecaloma. TTO analysis showed that most AEs occurred within the first month of therapy, with 15-16% persisting beyond 6 months. This large-scale FAERS study updates the safety profiles of BASs, highlighting distinct risk patterns and delayed complications. The findings support personalized monitoring strategies that consider both drug-specific characteristics and temporal AE patterns.

HighlightsPolysaccharide-based microneedles are novel and emerging tools for ocular drug delivery and the research on the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases is advancing at a fast pace.Microneedle devices constructed from polysaccharide molecules derived from ocular tissue have the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of clinical treatments and improve patient compliance with therapeutic regimens.Guided by our vast clinical experience, this is the first review collates the cutting-edge scientific findings from the interdisciplinary field combining natural macromolecules and ophthalmology.The eye, a complex organ isolated from the systemic circulation, presents significant drug delivery challenges owing to its protective mechanisms, such as the blood-retinal barrier and corneal impermeability. Conventional drug administration methods often fail to sustain therapeutic levels and may compromise patient safety and compliance. Polysaccharide-based microneedles (PSMNs) have emerged as a transformative solution for ophthalmic drug delivery. However, a comprehensive review of PSMNs in ophthalmology has not been published to date. In this review, we critically examine the synergy between polysaccharide chemistry and microneedle technology for enhancing ocular drug delivery. We provide a thorough analysis of PSMNs, summarizing the design principles, fabrication processes, and challenges addressed during fabrication, including improving patient comfort and compliance. We also describe recent advances and the performance of various PSMNs in both research and clinical scenarios. Finally, we review the current regulatory frameworks and market barriers that are relevant to the clinical and commercial advancement of PSMNs and provide a final perspective on this research area.

Mounting evidences indicated that cancer cell-derived exosomes (TDEs) contribute to cancer progression and metastasis by reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and interfering immunity response. TDEs contain unique biomolecular cargo, consisting of protein, nucleic acid, and lipids. In recent years, TDEs have been used as potential disease therapeutics and diagnosis biomarkers and prime candidates as delivery tools for cancer treatment. In the present review, we firstly summarized TDEs biogenesis and characteristic. Also, the role of TDEs in cancer cell metastasis and invasiveness, drug resistance, and immunosuppression was mentioned via cell-cell communication. Additionally, we concluded the current strategies for TDE-based cancer therapy, including TDEs inhibition and clearance, usage as therapeutic drug delivery vector and cancer vaccines. Furthermore, combination therapy with engineered TDEs were summarized, such as radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and sonodynamic therapy. Consequently, the above opens up novel and interesting opportunities for cancer diagnosis and prognosis based on TDEs, which is prospective to accelerate the clinical translation of TDEs for cancer therapy.

The development of human society has led to the growing consumption of industrial products, which generates significant amounts of carbon emissions. However, relatively few in-depth studies have been conducted on the influence of different demand factors (e.g., household consumption, government consumption, export, and capital formation) on carbon emissions, which hinders the development of targeted industrial policies. To address this issue, an analytical framework based on input–output theory, the hypothesis extraction method, and complex network analysis was established to estimate the intrinsic influence of different demand factors on the embodied carbon transfer between provinces in China. The key findings can be summed up as follows: (1) The macro direction of China’s embodied carbon transfer runs from resource-rich northern provinces to industrially developed southern provinces. (2) From the perspective of different demand factors, capital formation is the most significant contributor to China’s embodied carbon transfer, with the construction industry being the most important driver. In contrast, government consumption causes the least embodied carbon transfer, but it has the highest average carbon emission intensity. (3) According to complex network theory, the carbon transfer networks via provinces and industries caused by exports are the most concentrated, with the manufacture of electrical machinery and electronic equipment serving as the main source of demand. In contrast, the carbon transfer network resulting from household consumption exhibits a high level of decentralization, with dominant sectors including electric power, gas and water production, and supply and other services. Based on these findings, this study is expected to contribute targeted suggestions with which provinces and industries can formulate demand-side carbon reduction policies for different demand factors, which will contribute to the achievement of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard treatment for early gastrointestinal cancers but is often complicated by delayed healing and stenosis. Current therapies like proton pump inhibitors primarily suppress acid without actively promoting mucosal regeneration. (AS), a triterpenoid from , shows promise in tissue repair. This review evaluates the therapeutic potential of AS for ESD-induced wound healing, focusing on its pharmacological mechanisms and emerging delivery strategies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Relevant , preclinical, and clinical studies regarding AS, wound healing, fibrosis, and drug delivery systems were selected and synthesized to analyze efficacy and safety. AS accelerates healing through multifaceted mechanisms: it exerts anti-inflammatory effects NF-κB and MAPK pathways, reduces oxidative stress through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, and inhibits fibrosis by modulating TGF-β/Smad axes. Additionally, AS promotes angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. While clinical data supports its use in skin wounds, its gastrointestinal application is hindered by poor bioavailability. Novel delivery systems, including hydrogels and microneedles, are identified as solutions for localized, sustained release. AS offers a promising therapeutic evolution, moving from reliance on passive acid suppression toward a synergistic model that integrates acid control with active mucosal regeneration for ESD management. Future research should focus on optimizing endoscope-compatible delivery platforms to facilitate clinical translation and reduce postoperative complications.