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A cascaded trisection substrate‐integrated waveguide bandpass filter with better frequency selectivity is presented. The proposed coupling scheme can be divided into two trisection topologies. By changing the signs of coupling coefficients between cascaded resonators, two transmission zeros can be simultaneously placed at the higher or lower stopband, or one can be located below and the other above the passband. A filter sample is designed and fabricated with standard single‐layer printed circuit board technology. The measured S‐parameters agree well with the simulated counterparts, and good performance of the filter is predicted.

This study aimed to investigate the association of the glycated albumin (GA)/glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ratio with the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 102 patients with T2DM who were first treated in Jinjiang Hospital of Fujian Province were enrolled in this study. The patients' general clinical data, including HbA1c, GA, fasting blood glucose, and fasting and peak C-peptide values upon diagnosis and after one year of follow-up, were collected, and their MAGE was calculated. With the increase of the GA/HbA1c ratio at baseline, the patients' fasting and peak C-peptide values decreased gradually from baseline to follow-up, while their MAGE, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose increased gradually. A regression analysis demonstrated that the baseline MAGE was independently positively correlated with the GA/HbA1c ratio. A Cox regression analysis demonstrated that a baseline GA/HbA1c ratio of >2.78 was an independent risk factor for poor fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. The GA/HbA1c ratio is closely related to the MAGE and islet function in patients with T2DM.

Aims/Introduction To investigate the efficacy/safety of dulaglutide once‐weekly monotherapy versus glimepiride in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods This was a post‐hoc analysis of a Chinese randomized, double‐blind, non‐inferiority, phase III study. Patients (n = 572) with inadequate glycemic control received dulaglutide 1.5 mg (n = 189) or 0.75 mg (n = 194) once‐weekly or glimepiride (1–3 mg/day; n = 189) for 26 weeks. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the non‐inferiority of dulaglutide 1.5 mg versus glimepiride by the change from baseline to week 26 in glycated hemoglobin (non‐inferiority margin 0.4%). Results Dulaglutide 1.5 mg and 0.75 mg were non‐inferior (P < 0.001) and superior (P ≤ 0.002) versus glimepiride for the change in glycated hemoglobin from baseline to week 26. The least‐squares mean differences (95% confidence interval) versus glimepiride were dulaglutide 1.5 mg, −0.53% (−0.74, −0.32) and dulaglutide 0.75 mg, −0.32% (−0.53, −0.12). Significantly more patients attained glycated hemoglobin <7.0% at week 26 in the dulaglutide 1.5 mg (71.7%) versus the glimepiride (57.5%; P = 0.005) group. The decrease from baseline to week 26 in fasting blood glucose was significantly more pronounced in both the dulaglutide groups versus the glimepiride group (P < 0.01). The overall incidence and rate of hypoglycemia were lower in both of the dulaglutide groups versus the glimepiride group. At week 26, bodyweight had increased from baseline in the glimepiride group and decreased from baseline in both dulaglutide groups. The most frequent gastrointestinal drug‐related adverse events with dulaglutide were diarrhea, abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting. Conclusions These findings support once‐weekly dulaglutide monotherapy as a treatment for Chinese patients with early stage type 2 diabetes. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly dulaglutide monotherapy versus glimepiride in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Once‐weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg or 0.75 mg monotherapy provided superior glycemic control over glimepiride. The safety profile of dulaglutide in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was consistent with that expected for a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist.

Our aim was to search for clinical predictors of good glycemic control in patients starting or intensifying oral hypoglycemic pharmacological therapy. A multicenter, prospective cohort of 499 diabetic subjects was enrolled in this study: patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM group) or poor glycemic control with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) (PDM group). All subjects then started or intensified OADs therapy and followed up for 91 days. Glycemic control was determined according to HbA1c at day 91 with HbA1c <7% considered good. The proportions of patients with good glycemic control after follow up for 91 days were 66.9% and 34.8% in NDM group and PDM group respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the change in GA at 28 days was the only predictor of good glycemic control in NDM patients (OR = 1.630, 95% CI 1.300–2.044, P < 0.001). In PDM patients, changes in GA at 28 days, CPI, baseline HbA1c, diabetic duration, and BMI were all independent predictors of good glycemic control (All P < 0.05). GA decline is a good predictor of future success in newly diagnosed patients. In patients intensifying therapy, beside GA decline, other individualized clinical characteristics should also be considered. •Predictors of response to therapeutic adjustment differs between early stage and advanced stage of type 2 diabetes.•GA decline is a good predictor of future success in newly diagnosed patients.•In patients intensifying therapy, beside GA decline, other clinical characteristics should also be considered.

This study was to determine whether serum glycated albumin (GA) was a better indicator of glycemic control than hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) when starting a new treatment regimen for type 2 diabetes. Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, or patients who had poor glycemic control with oral hypoglycemic agents, were enrolled at 10 hospitals in Beijing. Serum GA, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and C-peptide were assayed on Days 0, 14, 28, and 91 after treatment. Four hundred ninety-nine patients were enrolled. Mean FBG, GA and HbA1c decreased significantly in patients at Days 14, 28, and 91. In patients with improved glycemic control, the reduction of GA and HbA1c levels was 10.5±13.3% vs. 5.1±5.4% on Day 14, 16.0±13.4% vs. 9.0±7.0% on Day 28, and 18.0±16.7% vs. 18.3±9.4% on Day 91, respectively, compared with baseline values. Changes in GA on Day 14, 28 and 91 were all closely correlated with changes in HbA1c on Day 91. Change in GA on Day 14 was correlated with treatment effectiveness evaluated by HbA1c on Day 91. GA may be a useful marker for assessing glycemic control at an early stage of new diabetes treatment and assist in guiding adjustments to treatment and therapy.

This paper describes a novel method to determine methimazole by spectrophotometry using a potassium ferricyanide-Fe(III) reaction. The study indicates that at pH 4.0 Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II) by methimazole and in situ formed Fe(II) reacts with potassium ferricyanide to give soluble Prussian Blue which is characterized by means of XRD analysis. The absorbance of Prussian Blue is measured at the absorption maximum of 735 nm, and the amount of methimazole can be determined based on this absorbance. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of methimazole concentrations of 0.02–6.00 μg/mL. The equation of the linear regression is A = −0.0058 + 0.49988c (μg/mL), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and RSD of 0.80%. The detection limit (3σ/k) is 0.015 μg/mL, and the apparent molar absorption coefficient of indirect determination of methimazole is 5.7 ± 104 L/mol cm. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of methimazole in pharmaceutical, serum and urine samples, and average recoveries are in the range of 98.6–102.4%. Analytical results obtained with this novel method are satisfactory.

Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) has previously been reported as an agent of sugar beet yellowing disease in China. In this article, the complete genomic RNA sequences of two Chinese BWYV isolates infecting beet from Inner Mongolia (BWYV-IM) and Gansu (BWYV-GS) were determined and compared with three beet poleroviruses (BMYV, BChV and BWYV-US) and other non-beet-infecting poleroviruses. The genomes of the two isolates were 5,668 nt in length, and had almost the same genomic organization and characteristics as BWYV-US. The full length of BWYV-IM shared nucleotide sequence identities of 97.4, 86.6, 64.4 and 70.8% with BWYV-GS, BWYV-US, BChV and BMYV, respectively. Further sequence analysis indicated that the Chinese BWYV isolates were more closely related to BWYV-US; however, the identity of any gene product between the Chinese isolates and BWYV-US was <90%. Therefore, on the basis of genome sequence, we propose that these Chinese isolates are a distinct strain of BWYV that infect sugar beet. In addition, recombinant detection analysis revealed that BWYV-IM might be a recombinant virus.

treatment of left main coronary artery （LMCA） disease in select patients. However, it is unclear whether drug-eluting stents （DESs） have better outcomes in patients with LMCA disease compared with bare-metal stent （BMS） during long-term follow-up in Chinese populations. Methods： From a perspective multicenter registry, 1136 consecutive patients, who underwent BMS or DES implantation for unprotected LMCA stenosis, were divided into two groups： 1007 underwent DES implantation, and 129 underwent BMS implantation. The primary outcome was the rate of major adverse cardiac events （MACEs）, including cardiovascular （CV） death, myocardial infarction （MI）, and target lesion revascularization （TLR） at 5 years postimplantation. Results： Patients in the DES group were older and more likely to have hyperlipidemia and bifurcation lesions. They had smaller vessels and longer lesions than patients in the BMS group. In the adjusted cohort of patients, the DES group had significantly lower 5 years rates of MACE （19.4% vs. 31.8%, P = 0.022）, CV death （7.0% vs. 14.7%, P = 0.045）, and MI （5.4% vs. 12.4%, P = 0.049） than the BMS group. There were no significant differences in the rate of TLR （10.9% vs. 17.8%, P = 0.110） and stent thrombosis （4.7% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.758）. The rates of MACE （80.6% vs. 68.2%, P = 0.023）, CV death （93.0% vs. 85.3%, P - 0.045）, TLR （84.5% vs. 72.1%, P = 0.014）, and MI （89.9% vs. 80.6%, P = 0.029） free survival were significantly higher in the DES group than in the BMS group. When the propensity score was included as a covariate in the Cox model, the adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of CV death and M1 were 0.41 （95% confidence interval [C/l： 0.21-0.63, P = 0.029） and 0.29 （95% CI： 0.08-0.92, P = 0.037）, respectively. Conelusions： DES implantation was associated with more favorable clinical outcomes than BMS implantation for the treatment of LMCA disease even though there was no significant difference in the rate of TLR between the two groups.

Background： High platelet reactivity （HPR） during clopidogrel treatment predicts postpercutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） ischemic events strongly and independently. Tongxinluo capsules （TCs） are a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used as antiplatelet treatment. However, its efficacy against HPR is not known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of TCs in acute coronary syndrome （ACS） patients with HPR. Methods： This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study prospectively analyzed 136 ACS patients with HPR who underwent PCI. The patients were enrolled from November 2013 to May 2014 and randomized to receive placebo or TCs in addition to standard dual antiplatelet therapy （DAPT） with aspirin and clopidogrel. The primary end points were the prevalence of HPR at 30 days and the mean change in P2YIz reaction units （PRUs） between baseline and 30 days. Survival curves were constructed with Kaplan-Meier estimates and compared by log-rank tests between the two groups. Results： Both groups had a significantly reduced prevalence of HPR at 30 days versus baseline, but the TC group, compared with the placebo group, had greater reduction （ 15.8% vs. 24.8%, P = 0.013）, especially among patients with one cytochrome P450 2C 19 loss of function （LOF） allele （χ2 = 2.931, P = 0.047）. The TC group also had a lower prevalence of HPR （33.3% vs. 54.2%, t - 5.284, P 0.022） and superior performance in light transmittance aggregometry and higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hsCRP）, but the composite prevalence ofischemic events did not differ significantly （χ2 = 1.587, P = 0.208）. Conclusions： In addition to standard DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel, TCs further reduce PRU and hsCRP levels, especially in patients carrying only one LOF allele. The data suggest that TCs could be used in combination therapy for ACS patients with HPR undergoing PCI.