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This study investigates trends in liver cancer rehabilitation needs, disease burden, and attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Key metrics included age-standardized prevalence (ASPR), years lived with disability (YLDs), and risk factor attribution. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of liver cancer patients requiring rehabilitation surged by 100.1% (132,779 to 265,539 cases), with YLDs rising by 102.8% (22,981 to 46,602). While ASPR and age-standardized YLD rates (ASYR) showed modest declines (ASPR: − 0.1% annual change; ASYR: − 0.23%), males exhibited a disproportionately higher burden, with 2021 cases and YLDs 2.98- and 2.74-fold greater than females, respectively. Risk factor analysis revealed smoking (14.0%), drug use (11.5%), and alcohol consumption (11.4%) as primary contributors, while metabolic factors like high BMI (7.5%) and fasting plasma glucose (1.9%) demonstrated accelerating impacts (YLDs EAPC: + 4.47% and + 1.31%, respectively). Aging populations and shifting etiologies drove increased rehabilitation demands, particularly among those ≥ 80 years. These findings underscore urgent needs for gender-specific interventions targeting modifiable risks and integrated nursing rehabilitation strategies to mitigate China’s growing liver cancer burden.

Rosai–Dorfman disease is a histiocytic disorder with a poorly defined pathogenesis. Recent molecular studies have revealed recurrent mutations involving genes in the MAPK/ERK pathway in Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Erdheim–Chester disease. However, cases of Rosai–Dorfman disease have rarely been assessed. We performed next-generation sequencing to assess 134 genes on 21 cases of Rosai–Dorfman disease, including 13 women and 8 men with a median age of 43 years (range, 3–82). In all, 13 had extranodal, 5 had nodal, and 3 had coexistent nodal and extranodal disease. The head and neck region was the most common area involved ( n =7). Mutation analysis detected point mutations in 7 (33%) cases, including KRAS ( n =4) and MAP2K1 ( n =3). No mutations were identified in ARAF , BRAF , PIK3CA , or any other genes assessed. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated p-ERK overexpression in 3 cases, all harboring MAP2K1 mutations. Patients carrying mutated genes were younger (median age, 10 vs 53 years, P =0.0347) with more pediatric patients (4/7 vs 1/14, P =0.0251). The presence of mutations correlated with location being more common in the head and neck region; 6/7 (86%) mutated vs 1/14 (7%) unmutated cases ( P =0.0009). All 5 (100%) mutated cases with available staging information had a multifocal presentation, whereas only 3/11 (27%) unmutated patients had multifocal disease ( P =0.0256). Treatment information was available in 10 patients, including radical resection ( n =4), resection and radiation ( n =3), and cladribine-based chemotherapy ( n =3). With a median follow-up of 84 months (range, 7–352), 7 remained in clinical remission and 3 had persistent disease. No correlation between mutation status and clinical outcome was noted. In summary, we detected mutually exclusive KRAS and MAP2K1 mutations in one-third of cases of Rosai–Dorfman disease suggesting this subgroup are clonal and involve activation of MAPK/ERK pathway. Our data contribute to the understanding of the biology of Rosai–Dorfman disease and point to potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Landscape metrics or indices have been commonly used for quantifying landscape patterns. However, most of these indices are generally focused on simple analysis and description of the characterization of the geometric and spatial properties of categorical map patterns. These indices can hardly obtain the information about the spatio-temporal dynamic changes of landscape patterns, especially when multi-temporal remote sensing data are used. In this paper, a new landscape index, i.e., landscape expansion index (LEI), is proposed to solve such problems. In contrast with conventional landscape indices which are capable of reflecting the spatial characteristics for only one single time point, LEI and its variants can capture the information of the formation processes of a landscape pattern. This allows one to quantify the dynamic changes in two or more time points. These proposed indices have been applied to the measurement of the urban expansion of Dongguan in Guangdong province, China, for the period of 1988-2006. The analysis identifies three urban growth types, i.e., infilling, edge-expansion and outlying. A further analysis of different values of LEI in each period reveals a general temporal transition between phases of diffusion and coalescence in urban growth. This implies that the regularity in the spatiotemporal pattern of urban development in Dongguan, is consistent with the explanations according to urban development theories.

The development of the county economy in China is a complicated process that is influenced by many factors in different ways. This study is based on multi-source big data, such as Tencent user density (TUD) data and point of interest (POI) data, to calculate the different influencing factors, and employed a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to explore their spatial non-stationarity impact on China’s county economic development. The results showed that the multi-source big data can be useful to calculate the influencing factor of China’s county economy because they have a significant correlation with county GDP and have a good models fitting performance. Besides, the MGWR model had prominent advantages over the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models because it could provide covariate-specific optimized bandwidths to incorporate the spatial scale effect of the independent variables. Moreover, the effects of various factors on the development of the county economy in China exhibited obvious spatial non-stationarity. In particular, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations showed different characteristics. The findings revealed in this study can furnish a scientific foundation for future regional economic planning in China.

Dockless bike sharing plays an important role in residents’ daily travel, traffic congestion, and air pollution. Recently, urban greenness has been proven to be associated with bike sharing usage around metro stations using a global model. However, their spatial associations and bike sharing usage on public holidays have seldom been explored in previous studies. In this study, urban greenness was obtained objectively using eye-level greenness with street-view images by deep learning segmentation and overhead view greenness from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was applied to fill the research gap by exploring the spatially varying association between dockless bike sharing usage on weekdays, weekends, and holidays, and urban greenness indicators as well as other built environment factors. The results showed that eye-level greenness was positively associated with bike sharing usage on weekdays, weekends, and holidays. Overhead-view greenness was found to be negatively related to bike usage on weekends and holidays, and insignificant on weekdays. Therefore, to promote bike sharing usage and build a cycling-friendly environment, the study suggests that the relevant urban planner should pay more attention to eye-level greenness exposure along secondary roads rather than the NDVI. Most importantly, planning implications varying across the study area during different days were proposed based on GWR results. For example, the improvement of eye-level greenness might effectively promote bike usage in northeastern and southern Futian districts and western Nanshan on weekdays. It also helps promote bike usage in Futian and Luohu districts on weekends, and in southern Futian and southeastern Nanshan districts on holidays.

The reduction gas used in the gas-based direct reduction iron-making process contains CH4 in different concentrations, which has an important effect on the gas and heat needed for the reduction of iron oxide. To investigate the influence of CH4 on gas utilization rate and heat needed at 900 °C, the initial conditions are set as H2% + CO% = 90, CH4% + N2% = 10, gas pressure 1–9 atm, and 0.5 mol Fe2O3, and the equilibrium state composition is calculated using the minimum free energy method. The utilization rate of total gas can be improved, and gas demand can be decreased by increasing CH4 concentration or H2 concentration or reducing gas pressure. For the production of per ton of Fe from 25 °C to 900 °C, 6.08–7.29 m3 of reduction gas, and 7.338–8.952 MJ of gas sensible heat can be saved by increasing 1 m3 CH4, while 10.959–11.189 MJ of reaction heat is increased. Compared with 3390.828–3865.760 MJ of the total heat of per ton of Fe for the reduction by H2 + CO, 2.174–3.703 MJ of total heat is increased by increasing 1 m3 CH4, and the increase ratio is 0.065–0.096%. This study is helpful to improve the gas efficiency and lower the pursuit of higher concentration of H2 + CO in reduction gas.

Ibrutinib is approved in the EU, USA, and other countries for patients with mantle cell lymphoma who received one previous therapy. In a previous phase 2 study with single-agent ibrutinib, the proportion of patients who achieved an objective response was 68%; 38 (34%) of 111 patients had transient lymphocytosis. We hypothesised that adding rituximab could target mantle cell lymphoma cells associated with redistribution lymphocytosis, leading to more potent antitumour activity. Patients with a confirmed mantle cell lymphoma diagnosis (based on CD20-positive and cyclin D1-positive cells in tissue biopsy specimens), no upper limit on the number of previous treatments received, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 2 or less were enrolled in this single-centre, open-label, phase 2 study. Patients received continuous oral ibrutinib (560 mg) daily until progessive disease or unacceptable toxic effects. Rituximab 375 mg/m2 was given intravenously once per week for 4 weeks during cycle 1, then on day 1 of cycles 3–8, and thereafter once every other cycle up to 2 years. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved an objective response in the intention-to-treat population and safety assessed in the as-treated population. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01880567, and is still ongoing, but no longer accruing patients. Between July 15, 2013, and June 30, 2014, 50 patients were enrolled. Median age was 67 years (range 45–86), and the median number of previous regimens was three (range 1–9). At a median follow-up of 16·5 months (IQR 12·09–19·28), 44 (88%, 95% CI 75·7–95·5) patients achieved an objective response, with 22 (44%, 30·0–58·7) patients achieving a complete response, and 22 (44%, 30·0–58·7) a partial response. The only grade 3 adverse event in >=10% of patients was atrial fibrillation, which was noted in six (12%) patients. Grade 4 diarrhoea and neutropenia occurred in one patient each. Adverse events led to discontinuation of therapy in five (10%) patients (atrial fibrillation in three [6%] patients, liver infection in one [2%], and bleeding in one [2%]). Two patients died while on-study from cardiac arrest and septic shock; the latter was deemed possibly related to treatment. Ibrutinib combined with rituximab is active and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the activity of this combination in clinical practice. A phase 3 trial is warranted for more definitive data. Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company.

High-resolution additive manufacturing (AM) facilitates engineering applications of cellular lattices with complex geometries. The unique layer-by-layer process of AM causes the mechanical performance of as-fabricated lattice structures to deviate from the ideal value. In this study, the AM process-induced material anisotropy and geometric inaccuracy are integrated into the mechanical evaluation and topology optimization of lattice structures. Specifically, effective mechanical properties of typical strut-based and shell-based lattices are evaluated by the homogenization method combined with the process-induced features. The equivalent stiffness parameters of ideal and as-fabricated lattices are integrated into the topology optimization algorithm to adaptively obtain corresponding macrostructures. Based on the knowledgebase of unit cells and optimized results, the threshold of the variation for microstructure is extracted to guide design and process parameter selection. The proposed design guidelines and evaluation-adjustment framework can be widely applied to various lattices fabricated by AM technologies.

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA, MIM#253300) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by defects in the Survival Motor Neuron ( SMN ) gene. The SMN1 gene, recognized as the primary pathogenic gene for SMA, exhibits a high degree of sequence homology with SMN2 gene. Individuals with the SMN1 2 + 0 genotype represent a unique type of SMA carrier, characterized by two SMN1 copies on one chromosome and zero copies on the other. Accurate identification of this type of carrier is crucial for genetic counseling in families. This study included 28 samples from five SMA families, each with an affected patient carrying a homozygous deletion of the SMN1 gene and a parent suspected to be a SMN1 2 + 0 carrier. Comprehensive Analysis of SMA (CASMA), based on third-generation sequencing technology, was used to detect the SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers in the samples, and SMN1 2 + 0 carriers were identified through SMN1 haplotypes in parent-child trios (CASMA-trio). The results were compared with those obtained using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) combined with Short Tandem Repeat (STR) linkage analysis. The SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers detected by MLPA and CASMA were concordant across 25 peripheral blood samples, whereas CASMA failed to accurately determine the copy numbers in the remaining 3 amniotic fluid samples. CASMA-trio identified 5 members from 4 families as SMN1 2 + 0 carriers, which were consistent with the results from STR linkage analysis. However, the two methods yielded inconsistent results for the proband’s father in one family. These findings suggest that CASMA has the potential to detect SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers. Compared to STR linkage analysis, CASMA-trio only requires a parent-child trio to analyze SMN1 2 + 0 carriers, demonstrating a broader application prospect. Implementing CASMA-trio can facilitate comprehensive screening for SMA carriers.

Background Gliomas are highly refractory intracranial cancers characterized by genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity. However, therapeutic options are limited. In the last years, copper‐induced cell death is becoming a prospective treatment strategy for gliomas and other solid tumors, but copper metabolism‐related genes associated with cancer development remain unclear. Methods We first collected gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify significantly differentially expressed copper metabolism‐related genes in gliomas. Using these genes, we performed COX regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression to construct the prognostic model. The prognostic value of the model was further validated by CGGA testing set. Subsequently, functional analyses were carried out, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration analysis, and mutation analysis. Finally, the expression levels of these genes were verified by immunohistochemical analysis. Results The prognostic model consisted of 7 genes: CDK1, LOXL2, LOXL3, NFE2L2, SLC31A1, SUMF1 and FDX1. According to this prognosis model, glioma patients could be split into the high‐risk group or low‐risk group, and the low‐risk group showed significantly better prognostic survival (p < 0.001). Moreover, the high‐risk group had higher levels of immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes expression, and higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), which indicates that they might benefit more from immunotherapy. Finally, we confirmed the expression level of FDX1, SUMF1, and SLC31A1 protein as significantly different in glioblastoma, lower‐grade glioma, and non‐tumor brain tissues by immunohistochemical analysis, and the high expression of FDX1 and SLC31A1 protein was related to poor survival in glioma patients. Conclusions Our study could contribute to the prognosis prediction and decision‐making in patients with gliomas. A copper metabolism‐related gene signature was identified as a prognostic model for glioma, and the prognostic model has good accuracy in predicting patient outcomes in both TCGA and CGGA cohorts. Besides, the high‐risk group had higher levels of immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes expression, and higher tumor mutational burden, suggesting that they might be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. Our study can provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with glioma.