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"Li, Sheng"
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الحياة
صدرت حديثا عن مؤسسة بيت الحكمة، سلسلة \"قصص الرموز الصينية\"، وهي أول سلسلة تثقيفية وتعليمية مترجمة تتناول البحث في قصص الرموز الصينية، والكشف عن أصل الرموز والحكايات التاريخية التي خلفها، حيث تعتمد على مقولات مبسطة تقود القارئ لمعرفة منابع الرموز الصينية وتاريخ تطورها. وتتشكل السلسلة من خمسة كتب، وهي \"الإنسان، والحيوان، والنبات، والطبيعة، والحياة\"، ويتناول كل منها عددا من الرموز التي يحكي أصلها وطرق كتابتها على مر العصور وصولا لشكلها الحالي، بالإضافة إلى التعريف بأشكال النقوش وأنواع الخطوط الصينية ونماذج لكل منها، والطرق الأساسية لابتكار الرموز الصينية إما المعبرة عن الأشياء، أو المشتقة من معنى أجزائها، كما تتناول السلسلة، الكلمات والعبارات التي تدخل الرموز في تكوينها، والأمثال والحكم والقصص التراثية التي تستخدم الرمز أو مدلولاته في إطار أدبي شيق.
Book
Ankle and Foot Spasticity Patterns in Chronic Stroke Survivors with Abnormal Gait
Chronic stroke survivors with spastic hemiplegia have various clinical presentations of ankle and foot muscle spasticity patterns. They are mechanical consequences of interactions between spasticity and weakness of surrounding muscles during walking. Four common ankle and foot spasticity patterns are described and discussed through sample cases. The patterns discussed are equinus, varus, equinovarus, and striatal toe deformities. Spasticity of the primary muscle(s) for each deformity is identified. However, it is emphasized that clinical presentation depends on the severity of spasticity and weakness of these muscles and their interactions. Careful and thorough clinical assessment of the ankle and foot deformities is needed to determine the primary cause of each deformity. An understanding of common ankle and foot spasticity patterns can help guide clinical assessment and selection of target spastic muscles for botulinum toxin injection or nerve block.
Journal Article
Allele-specific inhibitors inactivate mutant KRAS G12C by a trapping mechanism
It is thought that KRAS oncoproteins are constitutively active because their guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity is disabled. Consequently, drugs targeting the inactive or guanosine 5′-diphosphate–bound conformation are not expected to be effective. We describe a mechanism that enables such drugs to inhibit KRASG12C signaling and cancer cell growth. Inhibition requires intact GTPase activity and occurs because drug-bound KRASG12C is insusceptible to nucleotide exchange factors and thus trapped in its inactive state. Indeed, mutants completely lacking GTPase activity and those promoting exchange reduced the potency of the drug. Suppressing nucleotide exchange activity downstream of various tyrosine kinases enhanced KRASG12C inhibition, whereas its potentiation had the opposite effect. These findings reveal that KRASG12C undergoes nucleotide cycling in cancer cells and provide a basis for developing effective therapies to treat KRASG12C-driven cancers.
Journal Article
وجوه لا تلتقيها مرتين : حكايات غير عادية عن أبطال عاديين
\"وجوه لا تلتقيها مرتين\" يروي حكايات غير عادية عن أبطال عاديين، ربما تجدهم في مجتمعك بغض النظر عن طبيعة تكوين هذا المجتمع أو نطاقه الجغرافي أو خلفياته الثقافية والاقتصادية، وهو كتاب واقعي غير مثالي، تعرض فيه الصحفية الشهيرة لي يوان تشنغ الأحداث الخفية والتفاصيل المبهمة التي أفرزت التنمية الصينية الهائلة، والنقلة الاجتماعية كتجربة غير مسبوقة، ولكن من منظور إنساني، فهو لا يتطرق إلى استراتيجيات ولا سياسات ولا خطط خمسية، بل يركز على الفرد، كونه إنسانا فحسب.
Book
Stiff Knee Gait Disorders as Neuromechanical Consequences of Spastic Hemiplegia in Chronic Stroke
Stiff knee gait (SKG) is defined as decreased knee flexion during the swing phase. It is one of the most common gait disorders following stroke. Knee extensor spasticity is commonly accepted as the primary cause. Clinical management has focused on the reduction in knee extensor spasticity. Recent advances in understanding of post-stroke hemiplegic gait suggest that SKG can present as mechanical consequences between muscle spasticity, weakness, and their interactions with ground reactions during walking. Various underlying mechanisms are presented through sample cases in this article. They include ankle plantar flexor spasticity, knee extensor spasticity, knee flexor and extensor coactivation, and hip flexor spasticity. Careful and thorough clinical assessment is advised to determine the primary cause for each patient. Understanding of these various presentations of SKG is helpful to guide clinical assessment and select appropriate target muscles for interventions.
Journal Article
كتاب الحیاة : (رواية)
تحكي هذه الرواية قصة حياة فتى ريفي يتحول عالمه بعدما خرج من قريته الفقيرة إلى المدينة القريبة، ثم إلى العاصمة المليئة بالضجيج، عبر الإجابة عن تساؤلات عدة منها : ما البيئة التي خرج منها ؟ ومن صادف خلال رحلته ؟ وإلام ستصير حياته ؟ وكيف انتهت كل تلك الحكايات ؟ وهي ليست مجرد رحلة كفاح لفتى ريفي في المدينة، بل رحلة حياة كاملة أو هي سجل للحياة \"أي حياة\". حصل المؤلف \"لي باي فو\" عن هذه الرواية على جائزة \"ماودون في الأدب\" وهي أرفع جائزة أدبية في الصين أو كما يطلق عليها \"نوبل الصينية\" وتمنح كل أربع سنوات لخمسة أدباء صينيين.
BOOK
Stroke Recovery Is a Journey: Prediction and Potentials of Motor Recovery after a Stroke from a Practical Perspective
Stroke recovery is a journey. Stroke survivors can face many consequences that may last the rest of their lives. Assessment of initial impairments allows reasonable prediction of biological spontaneous recovery at 3 to 6 months for a majority of survivors. In real-world clinical practice, stroke survivors continue to improve their motor function beyond the spontaneous recovery period, but management plans for maximal recovery are not well understood. A model within the international classification of functioning (ICF) theoretical framework is proposed to systematically identify opportunities and potential barriers to maximize and realize the potentials of functional recovery from the acute to chronic stages and to maintain their function in the chronic stages. Health conditions of individuals, medical and neurological complications can be optimized under the care of specialized physicians. This permits stroke survivors to participate in various therapeutic interventions. Sufficient doses of appropriate interventions at the right time is critical for stroke motor rehabilitation. It is important to highlight that combining interventions is likely to yield better clinical outcomes. Caregivers, including family members, can assist and facilitate targeted therapeutic exercises for these individuals and can help stroke survivors comply with medical plans (medications, visits), and provide emotional support. With health optimization, comprehensive rehabilitation, support from family and caregivers and a commitment to a healthy lifestyle, many stroke survivors can overcome barriers and achieve potentials of maximum recovery and maintain their motor function in chronic stages. This ICF recovery model is likely to provide a guidance through the journey to best achieve stroke recovery potentials.
Journal Article
Health-Education Package to Prevent Worm Infections in Chinese Schoolchildren
Helminths, such as
Ascaris lumbricoides,
infect more than a billion people globally. In this cluster-randomized trial in China, a school-based simple educational program was shown to substantially decrease the incidence of these infections in schoolchildren.
A third of the global population, mainly in developing countries, is infected with soil-transmitted helminths, which are intestinal parasitic nematode worms.
1
Infection with these parasitic worms is associated with poverty in rural locations, inadequate sanitation and waste disposal, a lack of clean water, and poor hygiene and is common in areas with limited access to health care and preventive measures.
2
Roundworms (
Ascaris lumbricoides
) are the largest and most prevalent soil-transmitted helminths, accounting for 1 billion infections; whipworms (
Trichuris trichiura
) and hookworms (
Necator americanus
and
Ancylostoma duodenale
) each infect 600 million to 800 million persons. Estimates . . .
Journal Article